research communications
Pyridine-3-carboxamide–telluric acid (1/1)
aInst. of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
*Correspondence e-mail: fabry@fzu.cz
In the title structure, C6H6N2O·H6O6Te, the pyridine-3-carboxamide and telluric acid molecules are interconnected by conventional O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds of moderate strength as well as by π–π interactions between the pyridine rings. The strongest hydrogen bond in the structure is formed between a hydroxyl group of the H6TeO6 molecule and the N-pyrimidine N atom. The structure is unusual because of presence of the alternating sheets, which contain H6TeO6 and pyridine-3-carboxamide molecules, respectively. These sheets are aligned parallel to (001).
Keywords: crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; telluric acid.
CCDC reference: 1869412
1. Chemical context
The motivation for the title 6TeO6 (Groom et al., 2016). These structure determinations are summarized in Table 1.
follows from the fact that there are relatively a few structure determinations of molecular crystals containing the telluric acid molecule HH6TeO6 is a weak acid with pKa = 7.68 (1st degree; CRC Handbook, 2017) at room temperature. At the same time, the pKa value for pyridine-3-carboxamide is 3.3 (CRC Handbook, 2009). ΔpKa = pKa(base) − pKa(acid) − 4.4, which indicates that the crystalline product would rather be a (Childs et al., 2007). In all the cases listed in Table 1, the H6TeO6 molecules are fully protonated. All of these known structures are co-crystals except for ZARGII where H6TeO6 is an additive molecule in the salt structure.
In most of the listed structures, the molecules of H6TeO6 form columns which are interconnected by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Such a situation takes place in KUTBUW (the columns are parallel to the a axis), UREATE, UREATE01, UREATE02 (parallel to the c axis) and VALTUX (parallel to the c axis). Analogous columns parallel to the a axis are present in GUNQUB; however, these columns are formed together with water molecules. In the other two structures, the constituent molecules are surrounded by each other. None of the structures in Table 1 contains a hydrogen bond with disordered hydrogen atoms in which the hydroxyl groups of the telluric acid are involved. Interestingly, neutron diffraction experiments revealed that the cubic form of H6TeO6 (Cohen-Addad, 1971) possesses disordered hydrogen atoms, in contrast to the monoclinic form (Lindqvist & Lehmann, 1973). The H6TeO6 molecule can be considered as an interesting building block for crystal engineering because it can offer each of its six hydroxyl groups for the formation of hydrogen bonds with neighbouring molecules.
3-Pyridinecarboxamide (nicotinamide) is a biologically important molecule which is an active part of the vitamin B3 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) [see for example Wald (1991) and Williamson et al. (1967)]. The interplanar angles ANG between the pyridine and the amide groups in the 3-pyridinecarboxamide or 3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium molecules span a large angle because these two moieties are connected by a single C—C bond (bond D, Fig. 1). (This single bond corresponds to the bond C1—C6 in the title structure.) Thus 3-pyridinecarboxamide as well as 3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium molecules can easily accommodate to the environment for optimization of the amide interactions. It seems that the bond length D tends to be longer in the 3-carbamoylpyridin-1-ium molecules than in 3-pyridinecarboxamide molecules. This phenomenon can easily be explained by the elongation of the C—NH+ bonds in comparison to the the C—N bonds in the conjugated bonds system present in the pyridine rings, and thus by a tendency to a slight elongation of bond D.
2. Structural commentary
The title molecules are shown in Fig. 2. The interplanar angle between the pyridine non-hydrogen atoms and the non-hydrogen amide atoms is 15.25 (8)°.
Table 2 lists the hydrogen bonds present in the title structure. The parameters of these hydrogen bonds place them in the category of moderate hydrogen bonds (Gilli & Gilli, 2009). The sheets composed of the telluric acid molecules only are held together by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds (Fig. 3). These sheets alternate with the 3-pyridinecarboxamide molecules, which are interconnected by hydrogen bonds as well as by π-electron⋯π-electron ring interactions (Figs. 3–5). These sheets are parallel to (001). The presence of these sheets is so far unique among the known structures of molecular crystals with H6TeO6 (see also the Chemical context section).
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The secondary amine nitrogen is the acceptor of the strongest hydrogen bond present in the structure (O7—H1O7⋯N1; Table 2). The primary amine hydrogen H1N2 is donated to one of the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of the telluric acid while H2N2 is donated to the oxygen atom of the amide group (O4).
The most important piece of knowledge derived from the study of the title structure is the functionality of the telluric acid molecule, which can become a constitutional part of the hydrogen-bonding pattern. This property of the telluric acid molecule has not been so far studied in depth in molecular crystals because of scarcity of relevant structural data.
3. Supramolecular features
The telluric acid molecules H6TeO6 form sheets (Fig. 3) parallel to (001). Each telluric acid molecule donates four hydrogen atoms to four symmetry-equivalent telluric acid molecules and accepts four hydrogen atoms from these molecules. These hydrogen bonds are arranged in centrosymmetric graph-set motifs R22(8) (Etter et al., 1990): Te1/O3/⋯H1O5vi/O5vi/Te1vi/O3vi⋯H1O5/O5; Te1/O7/⋯H1O3iv/O3iv/Te1iv/O7iv⋯H1O3/O3; Te1/O6/⋯H1O2iii/O2iii/Te1iii/O6iii⋯H1O2/O2; Te1/O2/⋯H1O2/O4v/Te1v/O2v⋯H1O4/O4 (symmetry codes as in Table 2).
Another hydrogen atom of the telluric acid is donated to atom N1, thus forming a chain with graph-set motif C(3). The chain is composed of the atoms O7—H1O7⋯N1 (Figs. 4 and 5) and this hydrogen bond is the strongest of all the hydrogen bonds present in the title structure (Table 2).
The primary amine hydrogen atom H1N2 is involved in the hydrogen bond N2—H1N2⋯O4ii (symmetry codes as in Table 2). The other primary amine hydrogen atom, H2N2, takes part in the centrosymmetric pair with an R22(8) graph-set motif composed of the the atoms O1/C6/N2/H2N2⋯O2i/C6i/N2i/H2N2i (symmetry codes as in Table 2; Figs. 4 and 5).
The closest centroid–centroid distance [3.4101 (9) Å] indicates the presence of π–π interactions between adjacent pyridine rings (at x, y, z and −x + 1, −y, −z + 1) (Fig. 5).
4. Synthesis and crystallization
Equimolar amounts of 3-pyridinecarboxamide (0.40 g) and telluric acid (0.75 g) were dissolved in water (10 ml). Colourless crystals of the title compound were obtained by slow evaporation over the course of three weeks.
5. Database survey
The applied crystallographic databases were the Cambridge Crystallographic Database (version 5.39 with updates up to May 2018; Groom et al., 2016) and the Inorganic Database (ICSD-Web, June 2018; FIZ Karlsruhe, 2018).
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . All hydrogen atoms were discernible in the difference electron-density map. The constraints Caryl—Haryl = 0.95 Å and Uiso(Haryl) = 1.2Ueq(Caryl) were applied to the aryl H atoms. The positional parameters of the primary amine hydrogens H1N2 and H2N2 were refined freely, Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(N2). The positional parameters of the hydroxyl groups of H6TeO6 were refined with the distance restraints 0.84 Å with elasticities 0.02 Å (Müller, 2009); Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(Otelluric acid). The reason for these restraints follows from quite short O—H distances, which spanned the interval 0.66 (2)–0.75 (2) Å if no restraint was applied. Reflection 011 was masked by the backstop and omitted from the refinement.
details are summarized in Table 3
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Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1869412
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018013579/eb2012sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018013579/eb2012Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018013579/eb2012Isup3.smi
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018013579/eb2012Isup4.cml
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2018); cell
CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2018); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2018); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR2014 (Burla et al., 2015); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Putz, 2005); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015).C6H6N2O·H6O6Te | Z = 2 |
Mr = 351.8 | F(000) = 340 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 2.241 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.0094 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 5013 reflections |
b = 7.5750 (3) Å | θ = 3.3–28.4° |
c = 10.6149 (5) Å | µ = 2.88 mm−1 |
α = 70.945 (4)° | T = 120 K |
β = 78.748 (4)° | Prism, colourless |
γ = 89.901 (4)° | 0.31 × 0.21 × 0.09 mm |
V = 521.32 (4) Å3 |
Rigaku Oxford Diffraction Xcalibur, AtlasS2, Gemini ultra diffractometer | 2408 independent reflections |
Radiation source: X-ray tube | 2254 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.019 |
Detector resolution: 10.3567 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 28.5°, θmin = 2.9° |
ω scans | h = −9→8 |
Absorption correction: analytical CrysAlisPro (Rigaku OD, 2018) | k = −10→9 |
Tmin = 0.618, Tmax = 0.816 | l = −14→13 |
6995 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | 24 constraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.012 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0117P)2 + 0.2806P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.032 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.003 |
S = 1.08 | Δρmax = 0.42 e Å−3 |
2408 reflections | Δρmin = −0.35 e Å−3 |
170 parameters | Extinction correction: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
6 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 0.0185 (6) |
Refinement. The unrestrained refinement of the H atoms of the OH groups of the telluric acid resulted in too short O—H distances: O2 H1O2 0.70 (2) Å, O3 H1O3 0.66 (2) Å, O4 H1O4 0.70 (2) Å, O5 H1O5 0.72 (2) Å, O6 H1O6 0.70 (2) Å, O7 H1O7 0.75 (2) Å. Therefore the restrained refinement has been applied. The O—H distances were retrained as 0.84 Å with elasticity 0.02 Å. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.87715 (15) | 0.43054 (16) | 0.38915 (10) | 0.0154 (2) | |
N1 | 0.39465 (19) | 0.18273 (18) | 0.33548 (12) | 0.0137 (3) | |
N2 | 0.7726 (2) | 0.3530 (2) | 0.61605 (13) | 0.0159 (3) | |
H1N2 | 0.872 (3) | 0.409 (3) | 0.6196 (19) | 0.019* | |
H2N2 | 0.687 (3) | 0.314 (3) | 0.683 (2) | 0.019* | |
C1 | 0.5627 (2) | 0.2754 (2) | 0.48208 (14) | 0.0115 (3) | |
C2 | 0.5568 (2) | 0.2446 (2) | 0.36022 (14) | 0.0125 (3) | |
H1C2 | 0.6729 | 0.2686 | 0.2922 | 0.015* | |
C3 | 0.2306 (2) | 0.1498 (2) | 0.43111 (16) | 0.0147 (3) | |
H1C3 | 0.1135 | 0.1124 | 0.4115 | 0.018* | |
C4 | 0.2249 (2) | 0.1682 (2) | 0.55750 (15) | 0.0148 (3) | |
H1C4 | 0.1080 | 0.1379 | 0.6250 | 0.018* | |
C5 | 0.3941 (2) | 0.2320 (2) | 0.58308 (15) | 0.0132 (3) | |
H1C5 | 0.3945 | 0.2459 | 0.6688 | 0.016* | |
C6 | 0.7492 (2) | 0.3584 (2) | 0.49361 (15) | 0.0121 (3) | |
Te1 | 0.24981 (2) | 0.25172 (2) | −0.00312 (2) | 0.00795 (5) | |
O2 | 0.26677 (16) | 0.45520 (15) | 0.06561 (11) | 0.0126 (2) | |
H1O2 | 0.164 (2) | 0.503 (3) | 0.072 (2) | 0.019* | |
O3 | 0.24036 (16) | 0.05185 (15) | −0.07618 (11) | 0.0118 (2) | |
H1O3 | 0.335 (2) | −0.002 (3) | −0.073 (2) | 0.018* | |
O4 | 0.46392 (15) | 0.36909 (16) | −0.15123 (11) | 0.0122 (2) | |
H1O4 | 0.533 (3) | 0.429 (3) | −0.127 (2) | 0.018* | |
O5 | 0.02924 (16) | 0.14607 (16) | 0.13902 (11) | 0.0135 (2) | |
H1O5 | −0.040 (3) | 0.081 (3) | 0.117 (2) | 0.020* | |
O6 | 0.07017 (15) | 0.37675 (16) | −0.11412 (11) | 0.0122 (2) | |
H1O6 | 0.119 (3) | 0.429 (3) | −0.1913 (15) | 0.018* | |
O7 | 0.42559 (16) | 0.12206 (16) | 0.10483 (11) | 0.0131 (2) | |
H1O7 | 0.409 (3) | 0.141 (3) | 0.1777 (16) | 0.020* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0219 (6) | 0.0120 (5) | −0.0006 (4) | −0.0017 (4) | −0.0055 (4) |
N1 | 0.0173 (7) | 0.0122 (6) | 0.0135 (6) | 0.0022 (5) | −0.0058 (5) | −0.0053 (5) |
N2 | 0.0112 (6) | 0.0252 (7) | 0.0113 (6) | −0.0033 (5) | −0.0013 (5) | −0.0066 (5) |
C1 | 0.0125 (7) | 0.0114 (7) | 0.0113 (6) | 0.0030 (5) | −0.0046 (5) | −0.0035 (5) |
C2 | 0.0135 (7) | 0.0121 (7) | 0.0117 (7) | 0.0019 (5) | −0.0022 (5) | −0.0039 (6) |
C3 | 0.0141 (7) | 0.0126 (7) | 0.0185 (7) | 0.0014 (6) | −0.0058 (6) | −0.0052 (6) |
C4 | 0.0126 (7) | 0.0145 (7) | 0.0159 (7) | 0.0015 (6) | −0.0014 (6) | −0.0040 (6) |
C5 | 0.0161 (7) | 0.0133 (7) | 0.0113 (7) | 0.0028 (6) | −0.0038 (6) | −0.0051 (6) |
C6 | 0.0116 (7) | 0.0130 (7) | 0.0127 (7) | 0.0040 (5) | −0.0038 (5) | −0.0052 (6) |
Te1 | 0.00632 (6) | 0.01029 (6) | 0.00892 (6) | 0.00042 (3) | −0.00173 (4) | −0.00533 (4) |
O2 | 0.0086 (5) | 0.0145 (5) | 0.0193 (5) | 0.0023 (4) | −0.0034 (4) | −0.0117 (4) |
O3 | 0.0098 (5) | 0.0137 (5) | 0.0164 (5) | 0.0022 (4) | −0.0040 (4) | −0.0100 (4) |
O4 | 0.0081 (5) | 0.0171 (6) | 0.0124 (5) | −0.0035 (4) | 0.0006 (4) | −0.0079 (4) |
O5 | 0.0104 (5) | 0.0189 (6) | 0.0117 (5) | −0.0047 (4) | 0.0006 (4) | −0.0075 (4) |
O6 | 0.0085 (5) | 0.0168 (5) | 0.0106 (5) | 0.0021 (4) | −0.0023 (4) | −0.0036 (4) |
O7 | 0.0132 (5) | 0.0181 (6) | 0.0134 (5) | 0.0066 (4) | −0.0071 (4) | −0.0100 (4) |
O1—C6 | 1.2450 (18) | C5—H1C5 | 0.9500 |
N1—C2 | 1.3337 (19) | Te1—O7 | 1.8994 (11) |
N1—C3 | 1.340 (2) | Te1—O5 | 1.9007 (11) |
N2—C6 | 1.3290 (19) | Te1—O3 | 1.9197 (10) |
N2—H1N2 | 0.83 (2) | Te1—O4 | 1.9198 (11) |
N2—H2N2 | 0.81 (2) | Te1—O2 | 1.9212 (10) |
C1—C5 | 1.390 (2) | Te1—O6 | 1.9279 (11) |
C1—C2 | 1.3955 (19) | O2—H1O2 | 0.806 (15) |
C1—C6 | 1.495 (2) | O3—H1O3 | 0.781 (15) |
C2—H1C2 | 0.9500 | O4—H1O4 | 0.796 (15) |
C3—C4 | 1.387 (2) | O5—H1O5 | 0.812 (15) |
C3—H1C3 | 0.9500 | O6—H1O6 | 0.789 (15) |
C4—C5 | 1.388 (2) | O7—H1O7 | 0.818 (14) |
C4—H1C4 | 0.9500 | ||
C2—N1—C3 | 118.72 (13) | O7—Te1—O5 | 92.47 (5) |
C6—N2—H1N2 | 117.2 (13) | O7—Te1—O3 | 90.08 (5) |
C6—N2—H2N2 | 122.0 (14) | O5—Te1—O3 | 92.84 (5) |
H1N2—N2—H2N2 | 120.0 (18) | O7—Te1—O4 | 90.50 (5) |
C5—C1—C2 | 118.11 (14) | O5—Te1—O4 | 176.85 (4) |
C5—C1—C6 | 124.29 (13) | O3—Te1—O4 | 88.21 (5) |
C2—C1—C6 | 117.58 (13) | O7—Te1—O2 | 89.74 (5) |
N1—C2—C1 | 122.63 (14) | O5—Te1—O2 | 89.02 (5) |
N1—C2—H1C2 | 118.7 | O3—Te1—O2 | 178.14 (4) |
C1—C2—H1C2 | 118.7 | O4—Te1—O2 | 89.94 (5) |
N1—C3—C4 | 122.59 (14) | O7—Te1—O6 | 178.29 (4) |
N1—C3—H1C3 | 118.7 | O5—Te1—O6 | 87.35 (5) |
C4—C3—H1C3 | 118.7 | O3—Te1—O6 | 88.22 (5) |
C3—C4—C5 | 118.47 (14) | O4—Te1—O6 | 89.72 (5) |
C3—C4—H1C4 | 120.8 | O2—Te1—O6 | 91.96 (5) |
C5—C4—H1C4 | 120.8 | Te1—O2—H1O2 | 110.5 (15) |
C4—C5—C1 | 119.35 (13) | Te1—O3—H1O3 | 110.6 (15) |
C4—C5—H1C5 | 120.3 | Te1—O4—H1O4 | 109.1 (15) |
C1—C5—H1C5 | 120.3 | Te1—O5—H1O5 | 110.4 (15) |
O1—C6—N2 | 122.04 (14) | Te1—O6—H1O6 | 114.5 (15) |
O1—C6—C1 | 119.44 (13) | Te1—O7—H1O7 | 111.3 (14) |
N2—C6—C1 | 118.52 (13) | ||
C3—N1—C2—C1 | 0.4 (2) | C2—C1—C5—C4 | −2.8 (2) |
C5—C1—C2—N1 | 2.7 (2) | C6—C1—C5—C4 | 175.27 (14) |
C6—C1—C2—N1 | −175.51 (13) | C5—C1—C6—O1 | −164.04 (14) |
C2—N1—C3—C4 | −3.4 (2) | C2—C1—C6—O1 | 14.1 (2) |
N1—C3—C4—C5 | 3.2 (2) | C5—C1—C6—N2 | 15.8 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C1 | 0.0 (2) | C2—C1—C6—N2 | −166.14 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2—H1N2···O1i | 0.83 (2) | 2.11 (2) | 2.9359 (18) | 174.8 (19) |
N2—H2N2···O4ii | 0.81 (2) | 2.26 (2) | 2.9847 (17) | 149.2 (18) |
O2—H1O2···O6iii | 0.81 (2) | 1.92 (2) | 2.7215 (15) | 170 (2) |
O3—H1O3···O7iv | 0.78 (2) | 1.93 (2) | 2.6988 (15) | 168 (2) |
O4—H1O4···O2v | 0.80 (2) | 1.97 (2) | 2.7621 (15) | 171 (2) |
O5—H1O5···O3vi | 0.81 (2) | 1.92 (2) | 2.7237 (15) | 170 (2) |
O6—H1O6···O1v | 0.79 (2) | 2.02 (2) | 2.7548 (15) | 156 (2) |
O7—H1O7···N1 | 0.82 (1) | 1.79 (2) | 2.6038 (16) | 175 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) x, y, z+1; (iii) −x, −y+1, −z; (iv) −x+1, −y, −z; (v) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (vi) −x, −y, −z. |
Refcode | Reference | Important functional groups present in the structure |
BINFAF | Tran Qui et al. (1982)a | H3N+, COO- |
BINFAF01 | Andersen et al. (1983)a | H3N+, COO- |
BINFAF02 | Tran Qui et al. (1987)a | H3N+, COO- |
BINFAF10 | Tran Qui et al. (1984)a | H3N+, COO- |
GUNQUB | Driess et al. (2001)b | N, NH, NH2 |
KUTBUW | Ilczyszyn et al. (1992)c | (H3C)N+, COO- |
UREATE | Loub et al. (1979)d | NH2, CO |
UREATE01 | Loub & Dušek (1986)d | NH2, CO |
UREATE02 | Averbuch-Pouchot & Durif (1989)d | NH2, CO |
VALTUX | Averbuch-Pouchot (1988)e | R2H2N+, COO- |
ZARGII | Císařová et al. (1995)f | R3NH, COO- |
Notes: (a) bis(glycine) hexahydroxytellurium monohydrate; (b) bis(adenine) hexahydroxytellurium tetrahydrate; (c) bis(betaine) telluric acid; (d) bis(urea) orthotelluric acid; (e) sarcosine telluric acid; (f) disodium hexahydrotelluric acid dihydrogenethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate. |
Acknowledgements
Dr Michal Dušek from the Institute of Physics is thanked for the careful data collection.
Funding information
The author expresses his gratitude for support under Project NPU I - LO1603 of the Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic.
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