research communications
E)-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one
and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (aDepartment of Physics, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikamagaluru 577 102, Karnataka, India, bDepartment of Physics, Government Engineering College, Hassan 573 201, Karnataka, India, and cDepartment of Chemistry, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikamagaluru 577 102, Karnataka, India
*Correspondence e-mail: bnlphysics@gmail.com
The title chalcone derivative, C14H10Cl2O3, is almost planar, with a dihedral angle of 7.0 (2) ° between the 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl and 5-methylfuran rings. There is an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond present forming an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, molecules are linked by bifurcated C—H/H⋯O hydrogen bonds, enclosing an R12(6) ring motif, forming a 21 helix propagating along the b-axis direction. The intermolecular interactions were quantified using Hirshfeld surface analysis.
Keywords: crystal structure; chalcones; furan; hydrogen bonding; Hirshfeld surfaces; fingerprint plots.
CCDC reference: 1852049
1. Chemical context
Chalcone derivatives are an important class of organic compounds comprising two aromatic rings connected via an α,β unsaturated carbonyl system. They belong to the flavonoid family, which are basically found in fruits and vegetables (Hijova 2006). occupy an important place in the pharmaceutical industry since their derivatives serve as the core structures for many organic compounds possessing various biological activities such as antibacterial (Vibhute & Baseer, 2003), anti-microbial (Prasad et al., 2006), anti-inflammatory (Lee et al., 2006), anti-hyperglycemic (Satyanarayana et al., 2004), anti-malarial (Syahri et al., 2017) and anti-oxidant (Cheng et al., 2008). also exhibit some non-linear optical (NLO) properties and also find applications in laser technologies such as optical communications, data storage and signal processing because of the α,β unsaturated functionality (Shobha et al., 2017). Based on the above importance, we report here the of (E)-1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(5-methylfuran-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.
2. Structural commentary
The title molecule comprises 5-methylfuran and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl rings connected via an unsaturated α,β carbonyl system as shown in Fig. 1. The molecule is relatively planar with the furan and benzene rings being inclined to each other by 7.0 (2)°. There is an intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond present forming an S(6) ring motif (Table 1 and Fig. 1). The chlorine atoms positioned at C13 and C15 of the phenyl ring are in an -anti-periplanar conformation described by the torsion angles C11—C12—C13—Cl19 = −179.1 (3)° and C13—C14—C15—Cl18 = −178.6 (4)°, while methyl group at C2 of the furan ring is in a +anti-periplanar conformation [C5—O1—C2—C6 = 178.3 (4)°]. The bond lengths and angles in the title compound are similar to those observed for 3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (Kong & Liu, 2008).
3. Supramolecular features
In the crystal, molecules are linked by bifurcated C—H/H⋯O hydrogen bonds, enclosing an R21(6) ring motif, forming a 21 helix with a pitch of 4.402 (1) Å, propagating along the b-axis direction (Table 1, Fig. 2). The helices appear to be linked by very weak intermolecular C—H⋯Cl contacts (Table 2 and Fig. 3; see also Fig. 6 and the section below).
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4. Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint analysis
Three-dimensional Hirshfeld surfaces and their associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots are used to analyze intermolecular interactions in crystal structures. The Hirshfeld surfaces are unique for every CrystalExplorer software (Spackman & Jayatilaka 2009).
based on spherical atomic electron densities and are obtained using theThe three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface was mapped over dnorm using a red–blue–white colour scheme where the red and blue regions indicate contact distances less then and greater than, respectively, the sums of the van der Waals radii, which have negative and positive dnorm values, respectively. In white regions where dnorm is zero the contacts are almost equal to the sum of the van der Waals radii (Shaik et al. 2017). The presence of an intermolecular C—H⋯O interaction is indicated by a deep-red circular spot on the dnorm surface (Fig. 4). In addition, intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions can also be viewed on the Hirshfeld surface mapped over electrostatic potential using a STO-3G basis set at the HF (Hartree–Fock) level of theory (Spackman & McKinnon 2002; McKinnon et al. 2004) as shown in Fig. 5. The donor and acceptor atoms participating in these interactions are shown respectively as positive (blue regions) and negative electrostatic potentials (red regions).
The two-dimensional fingerprint (Fig. 6) plots were generated in the expanded mode for all major intermolecular interactions giving their percentage of contribution towards packing of total Hirshfeld surface area for the molecule. The H⋯Cl interactions make the highest (26.1%) contribution to the total Hirshfeld surface and appear as a pair of wings in the region 1.2 Å < (de + di) < 1.8 Å (di is the distance of a point on the Hirshfeld surface to the nearest nucleus inside the surface while de is the distance of the nearest nucleus outside the surface). The H⋯H contacts, with a contribution of 25.7%, are shown as blue dots spread in the middle region 1.18 Å < (de + di) < 1.62 Å. The two sharp spikes observed at 1.04 Å < (de + di) < 1.39 Å are due to the presence of a pair of O⋯H contacts making a 15.2% contribution. A pair of C⋯H contacts are observed as characteristic wings in the region of 1.18 Å < (de + di) < 1.6 Å (13.0% contribution). C⋯C, C⋯Cl and O⋯C contacts make contributions of 7.9%, 5.2% and 3.8%, respectively.
5. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.39, last update August 2018; Groom et al., 2016) for 3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-ones gave six hits. These involve only four compounds, namely: 3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one itself (BOGVID; Kong & Liu, 2008); 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one, for which variable pressure measurements were carried out (KUDMON, KUDMON01, KUDMON02; Bakowicz et al., 2015); 1,1′-(4,6-dihydroxy-1,3-phenylene)bis[3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one] (POHZUJ; Wera et al., 2014); and 1-(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one (POJBAT; Wera et al., 2014). As in the title compound there are intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds present forming S(6) ring motifs. The molecules are all relatively planar with the dihedral angle between the furan and 2-hydroxyphenyl rings varying from ca 8.35° in BOGVID, 0.20° in KUDMON, and 10.90 and 2.56° in the two independent molecules of POJBAT. The only exception is POHZUJ, which possesses twofold rotation symmetry and has two [3-(2-furyl)prop-2-en-1-one] units meta to each other; here the dihedral angle is ca 19.87°.
6. Synthesis and crystallization
1-(3,5-Dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyethanone (5 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (15 ml) and was stirred with 5 ml of sodium hydroxide solution for 30 min at room temperature. To this mixture, 5-methylfuran-2-carbaldehyde (5 mmol) was added over 30 min with stirring. Stirring at room temperature was then continued for 32 h. On completion of the reaction, monitored by TLC, the mixture was quenched in ice–water and acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid. The separated precipitate of the title compound was filtered off and recrystallized from methanol solution giving colourless block-like crystals.
7. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . Hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined as riding: C—H = 0.93 Å with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for aromatic H atoms and C—H = 0.96 Å with Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(C) for methyl H atoms.
details are summarized in Table 3Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1852049
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018012173/qm2127sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018012173/qm2127Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018012173/qm2127Isup3.cml
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2006); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: PLATON (Spek, 2009), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009).C14H10Cl2O3 | F(000) = 608 |
Mr = 297.12 | Dx = 1.508 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 10.831 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 3210 reflections |
b = 4.4020 (5) Å | θ = 2.7–25.0° |
c = 28.457 (5) Å | µ = 0.50 mm−1 |
β = 105.254 (6)° | T = 290 K |
V = 1309.0 (4) Å3 | Block, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.30 × 0.28 × 0.25 mm |
Bruker APEXII diffractometer | 2298 independent reflections |
Radiation source: graphite | 2232 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Detector resolution: 0.820 pixels mm-1 | Rint = 0.032 |
SAINT (Bruker, 2006) scans | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.7° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2006) | h = −12→12 |
Tmin = 0.862, Tmax = 0.906 | k = −5→4 |
2940 measured reflections | l = −33→33 |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.061 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.215 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1367P)2 + 0.3086P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.09 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2298 reflections | Δρmax = 0.30 e Å−3 |
174 parameters | Δρmin = −0.25 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.2523 (3) | −0.4421 (6) | −0.16266 (9) | 0.0723 (9) | |
C2 | 0.1549 (5) | −0.6402 (10) | −0.18009 (16) | 0.0753 (13) | |
C3 | 0.1426 (5) | −0.6924 (10) | −0.22703 (16) | 0.0762 (13) | |
H3 | 0.082501 | −0.819559 | −0.246999 | 0.091* | |
C4 | 0.2352 (5) | −0.5237 (9) | −0.24105 (13) | 0.0707 (12) | |
H4 | 0.248630 | −0.517334 | −0.272006 | 0.085* | |
C5 | 0.3028 (5) | −0.3696 (9) | −0.20109 (13) | 0.0657 (12) | |
C6 | 0.0879 (6) | −0.7575 (13) | −0.1441 (2) | 0.1026 (19) | |
H6A | 0.020336 | −0.892412 | −0.160150 | 0.154* | |
H6B | 0.052540 | −0.590266 | −0.130271 | 0.154* | |
H6C | 0.147806 | −0.865048 | −0.118645 | 0.154* | |
C7 | 0.4044 (4) | −0.1635 (8) | −0.19346 (13) | 0.0640 (11) | |
H7 | 0.433954 | −0.117117 | −0.220490 | 0.077* | |
C8 | 0.4640 (4) | −0.0255 (8) | −0.15184 (12) | 0.0650 (11) | |
H8 | 0.438851 | −0.064204 | −0.123590 | 0.078* | |
C9 | 0.5671 (4) | 0.1829 (8) | −0.15071 (12) | 0.0614 (11) | |
O10 | 0.5944 (3) | 0.2504 (7) | −0.18937 (9) | 0.0766 (10) | |
C11 | 0.6450 (4) | 0.3207 (8) | −0.10472 (12) | 0.0612 (11) | |
C12 | 0.6189 (5) | 0.2587 (9) | −0.05990 (13) | 0.0688 (12) | |
H12 | 0.550905 | 0.132823 | −0.058535 | 0.083* | |
C13 | 0.6944 (5) | 0.3854 (11) | −0.01815 (13) | 0.0777 (14) | |
C14 | 0.7946 (5) | 0.5709 (10) | −0.01895 (13) | 0.0773 (14) | |
H14 | 0.845172 | 0.653156 | 0.009816 | 0.093* | |
C15 | 0.8201 (5) | 0.6350 (9) | −0.06256 (14) | 0.0683 (12) | |
C16 | 0.7460 (4) | 0.5130 (9) | −0.10592 (12) | 0.0628 (11) | |
O17 | 0.7747 (3) | 0.5862 (7) | −0.14744 (9) | 0.0786 (9) | |
H17 | 0.724256 | 0.502456 | −0.170370 | 0.118* | |
Cl18 | 0.94733 (14) | 0.8606 (3) | −0.06462 (4) | 0.0898 (6) | |
Cl19 | 0.66403 (17) | 0.3052 (4) | 0.03742 (4) | 0.1139 (7) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.081 (3) | 0.0853 (18) | 0.0574 (15) | −0.0008 (16) | 0.0296 (13) | −0.0014 (12) |
C2 | 0.073 (4) | 0.080 (3) | 0.076 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.025 (2) | 0.000 (2) |
C3 | 0.072 (4) | 0.080 (3) | 0.073 (3) | −0.002 (2) | 0.012 (2) | −0.0048 (19) |
C4 | 0.075 (4) | 0.079 (2) | 0.057 (2) | 0.000 (2) | 0.0147 (18) | −0.0015 (17) |
C5 | 0.072 (4) | 0.074 (2) | 0.053 (2) | 0.012 (2) | 0.0199 (17) | 0.0040 (15) |
C6 | 0.101 (6) | 0.114 (4) | 0.108 (4) | −0.012 (3) | 0.055 (3) | 0.003 (3) |
C7 | 0.066 (4) | 0.073 (2) | 0.054 (2) | 0.005 (2) | 0.0184 (17) | 0.0058 (15) |
C8 | 0.077 (4) | 0.071 (2) | 0.0495 (19) | 0.002 (2) | 0.0218 (17) | 0.0082 (15) |
C9 | 0.070 (4) | 0.069 (2) | 0.0466 (19) | 0.0047 (19) | 0.0188 (17) | 0.0031 (14) |
O10 | 0.090 (3) | 0.0963 (19) | 0.0489 (15) | −0.0065 (16) | 0.0272 (13) | 0.0015 (12) |
C11 | 0.062 (3) | 0.076 (2) | 0.0471 (19) | 0.0067 (19) | 0.0168 (16) | 0.0021 (15) |
C12 | 0.074 (4) | 0.085 (2) | 0.049 (2) | −0.005 (2) | 0.0183 (17) | 0.0051 (17) |
C13 | 0.092 (4) | 0.095 (3) | 0.050 (2) | −0.001 (3) | 0.025 (2) | 0.0022 (19) |
C14 | 0.088 (4) | 0.089 (3) | 0.052 (2) | −0.001 (3) | 0.0136 (19) | −0.0048 (18) |
C15 | 0.071 (4) | 0.073 (2) | 0.062 (2) | −0.002 (2) | 0.0202 (19) | −0.0013 (17) |
C16 | 0.061 (3) | 0.076 (2) | 0.0537 (19) | 0.004 (2) | 0.0202 (16) | 0.0046 (16) |
O17 | 0.086 (3) | 0.0982 (19) | 0.0562 (15) | −0.0112 (17) | 0.0270 (13) | 0.0045 (13) |
Cl18 | 0.0900 (14) | 0.0995 (9) | 0.0818 (8) | −0.0179 (7) | 0.0260 (6) | −0.0063 (5) |
Cl19 | 0.1348 (17) | 0.1627 (14) | 0.0488 (7) | −0.0341 (10) | 0.0326 (7) | −0.0011 (6) |
O1—C2 | 1.358 (6) | C8—H8 | 0.9300 |
O1—C5 | 1.382 (5) | C9—O10 | 1.248 (4) |
C2—C3 | 1.327 (6) | C9—C11 | 1.487 (5) |
C2—C6 | 1.495 (6) | C11—C16 | 1.390 (6) |
C3—C4 | 1.389 (7) | C11—C12 | 1.404 (5) |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C12—C13 | 1.372 (6) |
C4—C5 | 1.361 (5) | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C13—C14 | 1.363 (6) |
C5—C7 | 1.399 (6) | C13—Cl19 | 1.734 (4) |
C6—H6A | 0.9600 | C14—C15 | 1.370 (5) |
C6—H6B | 0.9600 | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C6—H6C | 0.9600 | C15—C16 | 1.391 (5) |
C7—C8 | 1.337 (5) | C15—Cl18 | 1.712 (5) |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C16—O17 | 1.338 (4) |
C8—C9 | 1.439 (6) | O17—H17 | 0.8200 |
C2—O1—C5 | 106.9 (3) | C9—C8—H8 | 120.0 |
C3—C2—O1 | 110.0 (4) | O10—C9—C8 | 119.6 (3) |
C3—C2—C6 | 133.8 (5) | O10—C9—C11 | 117.9 (4) |
O1—C2—C6 | 116.2 (4) | C8—C9—C11 | 122.5 (3) |
C2—C3—C4 | 107.9 (4) | C16—C11—C12 | 119.3 (3) |
C2—C3—H3 | 126.0 | C16—C11—C9 | 119.7 (3) |
C4—C3—H3 | 126.0 | C12—C11—C9 | 121.1 (4) |
C5—C4—C3 | 107.3 (4) | C13—C12—C11 | 119.4 (4) |
C5—C4—H4 | 126.4 | C13—C12—H12 | 120.3 |
C3—C4—H4 | 126.4 | C11—C12—H12 | 120.3 |
C4—C5—O1 | 108.0 (4) | C14—C13—C12 | 121.7 (4) |
C4—C5—C7 | 133.0 (4) | C14—C13—Cl19 | 118.7 (3) |
O1—C5—C7 | 119.1 (3) | C12—C13—Cl19 | 119.6 (4) |
C2—C6—H6A | 109.5 | C13—C14—C15 | 119.3 (4) |
C2—C6—H6B | 109.5 | C13—C14—H14 | 120.3 |
H6A—C6—H6B | 109.5 | C15—C14—H14 | 120.3 |
C2—C6—H6C | 109.5 | C14—C15—C16 | 121.1 (4) |
H6A—C6—H6C | 109.5 | C14—C15—Cl18 | 120.4 (3) |
H6B—C6—H6C | 109.5 | C16—C15—Cl18 | 118.4 (3) |
C8—C7—C5 | 127.5 (4) | O17—C16—C11 | 122.4 (3) |
C8—C7—H7 | 116.2 | O17—C16—C15 | 118.4 (4) |
C5—C7—H7 | 116.2 | C11—C16—C15 | 119.2 (3) |
C7—C8—C9 | 120.0 (3) | C16—O17—H17 | 109.5 |
C7—C8—H8 | 120.0 | ||
C5—O1—C2—C3 | −0.2 (5) | C8—C9—C11—C12 | −1.7 (6) |
C5—O1—C2—C6 | 178.3 (4) | C16—C11—C12—C13 | −0.9 (6) |
O1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.1 (6) | C9—C11—C12—C13 | 178.7 (4) |
C6—C2—C3—C4 | −178.0 (6) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.1 (7) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.1 (5) | C11—C12—C13—Cl19 | −179.1 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—O1 | 0.0 (5) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.6 (7) |
C3—C4—C5—C7 | −178.7 (5) | Cl19—C13—C14—C15 | 179.7 (3) |
C2—O1—C5—C4 | 0.1 (5) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | −0.3 (7) |
C2—O1—C5—C7 | 179.0 (4) | C13—C14—C15—Cl18 | −178.6 (4) |
C4—C5—C7—C8 | −179.8 (4) | C12—C11—C16—O17 | −178.7 (4) |
O1—C5—C7—C8 | 1.6 (7) | C9—C11—C16—O17 | 1.6 (6) |
C5—C7—C8—C9 | −179.6 (4) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | 1.2 (6) |
C7—C8—C9—O10 | 5.1 (6) | C9—C11—C16—C15 | −178.5 (4) |
C7—C8—C9—C11 | −174.1 (4) | C14—C15—C16—O17 | 179.4 (4) |
O10—C9—C11—C16 | −1.2 (6) | Cl18—C15—C16—O17 | −2.3 (6) |
C8—C9—C11—C16 | 178.0 (4) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | −0.6 (7) |
O10—C9—C11—C12 | 179.1 (4) | Cl18—C15—C16—C11 | 177.8 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O17—H17···O10 | 0.82 | 1.76 | 2.489 (4) | 147 |
C4—H4···O10i | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.272 (6) | 135 |
C7—H7···O10i | 0.93 | 2.57 | 3.359 (4) | 143 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z−1/2. |
l - vdW is the length minus the van der Waals separation. |
Contact | length | l - vdW |
O10···H17 | 1.76 | -0.96 |
H4···O10i | 2.54 | -0.17 |
H7···O10i | 2.57 | -0.15 |
H6A···Cl18ii | 3.21 | +0.26 |
H6C···Cl18ii | 3.21 | +0.26 |
H6B···Cl18iii | 3.14 | +0.19 |
Cl19···H6Civ | 3.28 | +0.33 |
Cl19···H8v | 3.13 | +0.18 |
Cl19···H12v | 3.20 | +0.25 |
Cl18···H14vii | 3.28 | +0.33 |
Symmetry codes: (i) 1 - x, -1/2 + y, -1/2 - z; (ii) -1 + x, -2 + y, z; (iii) -1 + x, -1 + y, z; (iv) 1 - x, -1 - y, -z; (v) 1 - x, -y, -z; (vi) 2 - x, 1 - y, -z. |
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the Department of Physics, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, for support.
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