Bromination of bis­(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methyl­ene chloride: the reaction mechanism and crystal structures of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide and its cyclo­adduct with cyclo­pentene (3aSR,9aRS)-2,3,3a,9a-tetra­hydro-1H-cyclo­penta­[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium bromide

Matsulevich, Z.V.; Lukiyanova, J.M.; Naumov, V.I.; Borisova, G.N.; Osmanov, V.K.; Borisov, A.V.; Grishina, M.M.; Khrustalev, V.N.

doi:10.1107/S2056989019004997

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 75| Part 5| May 2019| Pages 675-679

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019004997

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Bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methylene chloride: the reaction mechanism and crystal structures of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide and its cycloadduct with cyclopentene (3aSR,9aRS)-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium bromide

Zhanna V. Matsulevich,^a Julia M. Lukiyanova,^a Vladimir I. Naumov,^a Galina N. Borisova,^a Vladimir K. Osmanov,^a Alexander V. Borisov,^a Maria M. Grishina ^b and Victor N. Khrustalev ^b ^*

^aR.E. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University, Minin St, 24, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 , Russian Federation, and ^bInorganic Chemistry Department, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklay St., Moscow 117198, Russian Federation
^*Correspondence e-mail: vnkhrustalev@gmail.com

Edited by A. V. Yatsenko, Moscow State University, Russia (Received 8 April 2019; accepted 11 April 2019; online 25 April 2019)

1H-Pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide, C₅H₅NSeBr₂, 1, is a product of the bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methylene chloride recrystallization from methanol. Compound 1 is essentially zwitterionic: the negative charge resides on the SeBr₂ moiety and the positive charge is delocalized over the pyridinium fragment. The C—Se distance of 1.927 (3) Å is typical of a single bond. The virtually linear Br—Se—Br moiety of 178.428 (15)° has symmetrical geometry, with Se—Br bonds of 2.5761 (4) and 2.5920 (4) Å, and is twisted by 63.79 (8)° relative to the pyridinium plane. The Se atom forms an intermolecular Se⋯Br contact of 3.4326 (4) Å, adopting a distorted square-planar coordination. In the crystal, molecules of 1 are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯Br and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds, as well as by non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions, into a three-dimensional framework. (3aSR,(9aRS)-2,3,3a,9a-Tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-9 bromide, C₁₀H₁₂NSe⁺·Br⁻, 2, is a product of the cycloaddition reaction of 1 with cyclopentene. Compound 2 is a salt containing a selenazolopyridinium cation and a bromide anion. Both five-membered rings of the cation adopt envelope conformations. The dihedral angle between the basal planes of these rings is 62.45 (11)°. The Se atom of the cation forms two additional non-covalent interactions with the bromide anions at distances of 3.2715 (4) and 3.5683 (3) Å, attaining a distorted square-planar coordination. In the crystal, the cations and anions of 2 form centrosymmetric dimers by non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions. The dimers are linked by weak C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds into double layers parallel to (001).

Keywords: bromination; cycloaddition reaction; bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide; 2-pyridylselenenyl bromide; cyclopentene; 2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-9 bromide; crystal structure.

CCDC references: 1909603; 1909602

1. Chemical context

Selenium-containing molecules have attracted significant attention from chemical and medicinal scientists because of their wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor effects, cardiovascular protection, antibacterial or antiviral effects (Banerjee & Koketsu, 2017 ; Zhang et al., 2017 ; Álvarez-Pérez et al., 2018 ; Miao et al., 2018 ). However, the chemistry of organoselenium compounds has not been sufficiently developed in comparison with that of organosulfur compounds because of the instability of most Se-containing compounds (Ninomiya et al., 2011 ). Thus, the synthesis, isolation and structural characterization of selenium-containing substances is essential for the further development of potential medicines.

Earlier, the product of bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methylene chloride was described by Japanese researchers (Toshimitsu et al., 1984 ). This compound had a melting point of 388–390 K and was assigned as 2-pyridylselenenyl bromide based on the elemental analysis and IR spectroscopic data.

However, as a result of our multiple experiments on the bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide under similar conditions, a product with a melting point of 373–375 K was obtained. We isolated a compound with the same melting point as that previously obtained by the Japanese authors only after recrystallization from methanol. In our opinion, it is the lower melting point product that is the 2-pyridylselenenyl bromide 1*. The product having a higher melting point was isolated by us and then structurally characterized by X-ray analysis to be 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide 1 (Fig. 1).

Figure 1
Synthesis of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide 1 by the bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methylene chloride.

Previously we have developed an approach to the synthesis of [1,3]thia(selen,tellur)azolo[3,2-a]pyridin-4-ium derivatives via heterocyclization of unsaturated compounds and 2-pyridinesulfenyl, selenenyl and tellurenyl chlorides with ring closure through the nitrogen atom of the pyridyl fragment (Borisov et al., 2010 , 2012a ,b ,c ). In this case, our studies have paid particular attention to clarifying the structural characteristics of the reagents used (Borisov et al., 2010; Khrustalev et al., 2014 , 2016 ). Determination of the factors providing the stability of organochalcogenyl halides is known to be an urgent challenge in general (Khrustalev et al., 2014, 2016). The structural features of 2-pyridine-selenenyl and -tellurenyl chlorides have been described by us in detail (Borisov et al., 2010; Khrustalev et al., 2014, 2016). Moreover, we have proposed a probable mechanism of the reaction including the interaction of selenenyl bromide 1* with methanol producing hydrogen bromide and methyl selenite (Fig. 2) (Garratt & Kabo, 1980 ; Reich & Jasperse, 1988 ). Furthermore, the subsequent addition of hydrogen bromide to selenenyl bromide 1* gives 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide 1 (Fig. 3).

Figure 2
The interaction of selenenyl bromide 1* with methanol.

Figure 3
The addition reaction of hydrogen bromide to selenenyl bromide 1*.

We have also succeeded in involving 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide 1 in the cycloaddition reaction with cyclopentene. The product of this reaction was identified as 2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-9 bromide (2) by X-ray diffraction (Fig. 4).

Figure 4
The reaction of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide 1 with cyclopentene.

2. Structural commentary

Compound 1, C₅H₅NSeBr₂, is essentially zwitterionic: a negative charge resides on the SeBr₂ moiety and a positive charge is delocalized over the pyridinium fragment (Fig. 5). The C2—Se1 distance of 1.927 (3) Å is typical for a single bond [in comparison, the lengths of the C=Se bonds in related compounds are 1.817 (7) Å (Husebye et al., 1997 ), 1.8236 (11) Å (Mammadova et al., 2011 ) and 1.838 (2) Å (Mammadova et al., 2012 )]. The N1—C2 and N1—C6 bond lengths are almost equal to each other because of the aromaticity of the cyclic system. The virtually linear Br1—Se1—Br2 moiety of 178.428 (15)° has a symmetrical geometry with Se—Br bonds of 2.5761 (4) and 2.5920 (4) Å and is twisted by 63.79 (8)° relative to the pyridinium plane. The slight elongation of the Se1—Br2 bond in comparison with the Se1—Br1 bond is explained by the involvement of the Br2 atom in the intermolecular secondary Se1⋯Br2(x, $[{1\over 2}]$ − y, $[{1\over 2}]$ + z) interaction [3.4326 (4) Å]. Thus, the selenium atom adopts a distorted square-planar coordination.

Figure 5
Molecular structure of 1. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level. H atoms are presented as small spheres of arbitrary radius.

Compound 2, C₁₀H₁₂NSeBr, is a salt containing a selenazolopyridinium cation and a bromide anion (Fig. 6). The five-membered heterocycle of the cation adopts a flattened envelope conformation with the C3A carbon atom deviating by 0.274 (3) Å from the plane through the other ring atoms. The cyclopentane fragment has the usual envelope conformation with the C2 carbon atom deviating from the plane through the other ring atoms by 0.648 (4) Å. The dihedral angle between the basal planes of the two five-membered rings of the cation is 62.45 (11)°. The selenium atom of the cation forms two additional non-covalent interactions with the bromide anions at distances of 3.2715 (4) Å [Se4⋯Br1(x, 1 + y, z)] and 3.5683 (3) Å [Se4⋯Br1(1–x, 1–y, –z)], affording a distorted square-planar coordination.

Figure 6
Molecular structure of 2. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level. H atoms are presented as small spheres of arbitrary radius. The dashed line indicates the intermolecular non-covalent Se⋯Br interaction.

Cation 2 has two asymmetric C3A and C9A carbon atoms. The crystal of the compound is racemic with the following relative configurations of the centers – rac-3aSR,9aRS.

3. Supramolecular features

In the crystal of 1, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H⋯Br and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds (Table 1) as well as by the non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions (see above) into a three-dimensional framework (Fig. 7).

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for 1

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯Br1ⁱ	0.86 (4)	2.50 (4)	3.305 (3)	156 (3)
C5—H5⋯Br1ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.92	3.790 (3)	153
Symmetry codes: (i) -x, -y, -z+1; (ii) -x+1, -y, -z+1.

Figure 7
Crystal structure of 1 viewed along the a axis. Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular N—H⋯Br and C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds as well as the non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions.

In the crystal of 2, the cations and anions are linked by Se⋯Br interactions, forming centrosymmetric dimers (Fig. 8). The dimers are linked by weak C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds (Table 2) into double layers parallel to (001) (Fig. 9).

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for 2

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C7—H7⋯Br1ⁱ	0.95	2.91	3.728 (2)	145
C9A—H9A⋯Br1ⁱⁱ	1.00	2.82	3.614 (2)	137
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y, z; (ii) x+1, y+1, z.

Figure 8
Dimeric structure of 2. Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions. [Symmetry code: (A) ???]

Figure 9
Crystal structure of 2 showing the double layers parallel to (001). Dashed lines indicate the intermolecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen bonds as well as the non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions.

4. Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.40; Groom et al., 2016 ) for zwitterionic molecules containing the T-shaped SeBr₂ fragment yielded 22 such compounds. In 16 of them, the hypervalent SeBr₂ fragments have asymmetric geometries, with the difference in the two Se—Br bond lengths more than or close to 0.1 Å, which is explained by intermolecular non-covalent interactions in the crystals. Moreover, 12 out of these 16 crystal structures revealed the presence of intermolecular non-covalent Se⋯Br interactions with distances of 3.3374 (5)–3.556 (1) Å.

Remarkably, the intermolecular non-covalent Se⋯Br interaction of 3.2715 (4) Å observed in the crystal of 2 is the strongest one found in the compounds of this type – between the diorganyl selenide unit and the bromide anion.

5. Synthesis and crystallization

2-Pyridineselenenyl bromide (1*). A solution of bromine (0.32 g, 2 mmol) in ethylene chloride (10 ml) was added to a solution of bis(pyridin-2-yl)diselenide (0.628 g, 2 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 ml) at room temperature. After 30 min, the solvent was removed under vacuum. The residue was washed with diethyl ether. Yield 0.93 g (98%), bright-yellow powder, m.p. 373–375 K. Analysis calculated for C₅H₄BrNSe (%): C, 25.35; H, 1.70; N, 5.91. Found (%): C, 25.31; H, 1.68; N, 5.89.

1H-Pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide (1). Compound 1* was recrystallized from methanol. Yield 0.59 g (92%), orange crystals, m.p. 388–390 K. Analysis calculated for C₅H₅Br₂NSe (%): C, 18.89; H, 1.59; N, 4.41. Found (%): C, 18.81; H, 1.55; N, 4.37.

2,3,3a,9a-Tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]σelenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium-9 bromide (2). A solution of cyclopentene (0.034 g, 0.5 mmol) in ethyl acetate (5 ml) was added to a solution of 1 (0.159 g, 0.5 mmol) in ethyl acetate (10 ml) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was kept at room temperature for 24 h, then the solvent was removed under vacuum. The crude white solid was recrystallized from methylene chloride. Single crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by recrystallization from methylene chloride. Yield 0.133 g (87%), white powder, m.p. 463–465 K. Analysis calculated for C₁₀H₁₂BrNSe (%): C, 39.29; H, 3.91; N, 4.52. Found (%): C, 39.38; H, 3.97; N, 4.59. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 400 MHz, 302 K): δ = 8.98 (d, 1H, H8, J = 6.3 Hz), 8.20 (m, 2H, H5, H6), 7.74 (ddd, 1H, H7, J = 8.9 Hz, J = 5.8 Hz, J = 3.2 Hz), 5.78 (td, 1H, H9a, J = 8.4 Hz, J = 3.9 Hz), 4.66 (m, 1H, H3a), 2.34, 2.09, 1.71 (m, 6H, 3CH₂).

6. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. The hydrogen atom of the NH-group in 1 was localized in the difference-Fourier map and refined isotropically with fixed displacement parameters [U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(N)]. The other hydrogen atoms in 1 and 2 were placed in calculated positions with C—H = 0.95–1.00 Å and refined using a riding model with fixed isotropic displacement parameters [U_iso(H) = 1.5U_eq(C) for the CH₃-groups and 1.2U_eq(C) for the other groups].

Table 3
Experimental details

	1	2
Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₅H₅Br₂NSe	C₁₀H₁₂NSe⁺·Br⁻
M_r	317.86	305.07
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Triclinic, P $[\overline{1}]$
Temperature (K)	120	120
a, b, c (Å)	8.0971 (6), 12.6116 (10), 8.7325 (7)	6.3333 (5), 9.0515 (7), 9.5807 (7)
α, β, γ (°)	90, 114.975 (1), 90	111.350 (1), 93.657 (2), 93.543 (1)
V (Å³)	808.36 (11)	508.35 (7)
Z	4	2
Radiation type	Mo Kα	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	14.44	7.57
Crystal size (mm)	0.20 × 0.20 × 0.15	0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker APEXII CCD	Bruker APEXII CCD
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003 )	Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003)
T_min, T_max	0.063, 0.104	0.115, 0.154
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	12425, 2959, 2426	7982, 3711, 3156
R_int	0.051	0.029
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.759	0.760

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.032, 0.074, 1.03	0.030, 0.080, 1.06
No. of reflections	2959	3711
No. of parameters	85	118
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	1.37, −1.06	0.64, −1.05
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005 ), SAINT (Bruker, 2002 ) and SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008 ).

Supporting information

CCDC references: 1909603; 1909602

Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, 1, 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019004997/yk2121sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019004997/yk21211sup2.hkl

Structure factors: contains datablock 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019004997/yk21212sup3.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

For both structures, data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2005); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Dibromo(pyridin-1-ium-2-yl)selanide (1) top

Crystal data top

C₅H₅Br₂NSe	F(000) = 584
M_r = 317.86	D_x = 2.612 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 8.0971 (6) Å	Cell parameters from 4271 reflections
b = 12.6116 (10) Å	θ = 2.8–32.6°
c = 8.7325 (7) Å	µ = 14.44 mm⁻¹
β = 114.975 (1)°	T = 120 K
V = 808.36 (11) Å³	Prism, orange
Z = 4	0.20 × 0.20 × 0.15 mm

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	2426 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	R_int = 0.051
φ and ω scans	θ_max = 32.6°, θ_min = 2.8°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003)	h = −12→12
T_min = 0.063, T_max = 0.104	k = −18→19
12425 measured reflections	l = −13→13
2959 independent reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.032	Hydrogen site location: mixed
wR(F²) = 0.074	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.03	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0302P)² + 0.5977P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
2959 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
85 parameters	Δρ_max = 1.37 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −1.06 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Br1	0.26838 (4)	0.03212 (2)	0.84166 (3)	0.01817 (8)
Br2	−0.14496 (4)	0.29163 (3)	0.38147 (4)	0.01989 (8)
Se1	0.06027 (4)	0.16227 (2)	0.61494 (3)	0.01433 (7)
N1	0.1263 (4)	0.0928 (2)	0.3377 (3)	0.0161 (5)
H1	0.012 (6)	0.079 (3)	0.298 (5)	0.019*
C2	0.2053 (4)	0.1389 (2)	0.4909 (4)	0.0143 (5)
C3	0.3877 (4)	0.1667 (3)	0.5524 (4)	0.0205 (6)
H3	0.4467	0.1997	0.6598	0.025*
C4	0.4837 (4)	0.1459 (3)	0.4561 (4)	0.0214 (6)
H4	0.6089	0.1643	0.4981	0.026*
C5	0.3971 (5)	0.0985 (3)	0.2989 (4)	0.0218 (6)
H5	0.4616	0.0839	0.2323	0.026*
C6	0.2157 (4)	0.0729 (3)	0.2415 (4)	0.0200 (6)
H6	0.1533	0.0412	0.1335	0.024*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Br1	0.01837 (14)	0.02401 (16)	0.01174 (12)	0.00296 (10)	0.00598 (10)	0.00250 (10)
Br2	0.01919 (14)	0.02324 (16)	0.01808 (14)	0.00366 (11)	0.00869 (11)	0.00614 (11)
Se1	0.01580 (13)	0.01724 (14)	0.01117 (12)	−0.00047 (10)	0.00690 (10)	−0.00082 (9)
N1	0.0186 (11)	0.0173 (12)	0.0115 (10)	−0.0010 (9)	0.0056 (9)	−0.0011 (9)
C2	0.0159 (12)	0.0165 (13)	0.0112 (11)	0.0006 (10)	0.0065 (10)	0.0012 (10)
C3	0.0202 (14)	0.0254 (16)	0.0157 (13)	−0.0041 (11)	0.0075 (11)	−0.0051 (11)
C4	0.0194 (14)	0.0283 (17)	0.0186 (14)	0.0005 (12)	0.0102 (12)	0.0028 (12)
C5	0.0270 (15)	0.0257 (16)	0.0187 (14)	0.0070 (12)	0.0155 (12)	0.0037 (12)
C6	0.0276 (14)	0.0204 (15)	0.0123 (12)	0.0038 (12)	0.0087 (11)	−0.0004 (10)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Br1—Se1	2.5761 (4)	C3—C4	1.390 (4)
Br2—Se1	2.5920 (4)	C3—H3	0.9500
Se1—C2	1.927 (3)	C4—C5	1.386 (5)
N1—C6	1.344 (4)	C4—H4	0.9500
N1—C2	1.347 (4)	C5—C6	1.375 (5)
N1—H1	0.86 (4)	C5—H5	0.9500
C2—C3	1.387 (4)	C6—H6	0.9500

C2—Se1—Br1	88.76 (9)	C4—C3—H3	120.2
C2—Se1—Br2	89.69 (8)	C5—C4—C3	120.1 (3)
Br1—Se1—Br2	178.428 (15)	C5—C4—H4	119.9
C6—N1—C2	123.1 (3)	C3—C4—H4	119.9
C6—N1—H1	119 (3)	C6—C5—C4	118.6 (3)
C2—N1—H1	118 (3)	C6—C5—H5	120.7
N1—C2—C3	118.4 (3)	C4—C5—H5	120.7
N1—C2—Se1	118.5 (2)	N1—C6—C5	120.2 (3)
C3—C2—Se1	123.1 (2)	N1—C6—H6	119.9
C2—C3—C4	119.6 (3)	C5—C6—H6	119.9
C2—C3—H3	120.2

C6—N1—C2—C3	−0.3 (4)	C2—C3—C4—C5	0.5 (5)
C6—N1—C2—Se1	−179.9 (2)	C3—C4—C5—C6	0.1 (5)
N1—C2—C3—C4	−0.4 (5)	C2—N1—C6—C5	0.9 (5)
Se1—C2—C3—C4	179.2 (2)	C4—C5—C6—N1	−0.8 (5)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1···Br1ⁱ	0.86 (4)	2.50 (4)	3.305 (3)	156 (3)
C5—H5···Br1ⁱⁱ	0.95	2.92	3.790 (3)	153

Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y, −z+1.

7-Selena-1λ⁵-azatricyclo[6.4.0.0^2,6]dodeca-1(12),8,10-trien-1-ylium bromide (2) top

Crystal data top

C₁₀H₁₂NSe⁺·Br⁻	Z = 2
M_r = 305.07	F(000) = 296
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.993 Mg m⁻³
a = 6.3333 (5) Å	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 9.0515 (7) Å	Cell parameters from 4390 reflections
c = 9.5807 (7) Å	θ = 2.3–32.7°
α = 111.350 (1)°	µ = 7.57 mm⁻¹
β = 93.657 (2)°	T = 120 K
γ = 93.543 (1)°	Prism, colourless
V = 508.35 (7) Å³	0.30 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	3156 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	R_int = 0.029
φ and ω scans	θ_max = 32.7°, θ_min = 2.3°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2003)	h = −9→9
T_min = 0.115, T_max = 0.154	k = −13→13
7982 measured reflections	l = −14→14
3711 independent reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.030	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F²) = 0.080	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.06	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0431P)² + 0.1817P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
3711 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
118 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.64 e Å⁻³
0 restraints	Δρ_min = −1.05 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Br1	0.57452 (3)	0.30220 (3)	0.11384 (2)	0.01988 (7)
C1	1.3458 (4)	1.1581 (3)	0.4167 (3)	0.0220 (4)
H1A	1.3149	1.1019	0.4855	0.026*
H1B	1.5016	1.1718	0.4139	0.026*
C2	1.2526 (4)	1.3189 (3)	0.4669 (3)	0.0227 (4)
H2A	1.3228	1.3911	0.4237	0.027*
H2B	1.2658	1.3710	0.5780	0.027*
C3	1.0180 (4)	1.2722 (3)	0.4033 (3)	0.0243 (5)
H3A	0.9389	1.2208	0.4619	0.029*
H3B	0.9463	1.3656	0.4012	0.029*
C3A	1.0408 (3)	1.1551 (3)	0.2450 (2)	0.0166 (4)
H3C	1.0710	1.2169	0.1796	0.020*
Se4	0.79630 (3)	0.99892 (2)	0.14860 (2)	0.01599 (6)
C4A	0.9599 (3)	0.8444 (3)	0.1826 (2)	0.0162 (4)
C5	0.8875 (4)	0.6872 (3)	0.1569 (3)	0.0193 (4)
H5	0.7437	0.6487	0.1212	0.023*
C6	1.0290 (4)	0.5881 (3)	0.1845 (3)	0.0213 (4)
H6	0.9816	0.4813	0.1696	0.026*
C7	1.2422 (4)	0.6449 (3)	0.2342 (3)	0.0212 (4)
H7	1.3406	0.5773	0.2520	0.025*
C8	1.3054 (3)	0.7997 (3)	0.2566 (3)	0.0191 (4)
H8	1.4499	0.8392	0.2880	0.023*
N9	1.1641 (3)	0.8974 (2)	0.2342 (2)	0.0158 (3)
C9A	1.2350 (3)	1.0656 (3)	0.2576 (2)	0.0163 (4)
H9A	1.3328	1.0679	0.1803	0.020*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Br1	0.01950 (11)	0.01593 (11)	0.02337 (11)	−0.00059 (8)	−0.00022 (8)	0.00698 (8)
C1	0.0221 (10)	0.0198 (10)	0.0187 (10)	−0.0016 (8)	−0.0044 (8)	0.0022 (8)
C2	0.0232 (10)	0.0180 (10)	0.0197 (10)	−0.0035 (8)	−0.0023 (8)	−0.0001 (8)
C3	0.0215 (10)	0.0216 (11)	0.0208 (10)	0.0006 (8)	0.0003 (8)	−0.0023 (8)
C3A	0.0171 (9)	0.0145 (9)	0.0154 (8)	0.0003 (7)	−0.0011 (7)	0.0026 (7)
Se4	0.01420 (10)	0.01455 (10)	0.01694 (10)	0.00013 (7)	−0.00074 (7)	0.00368 (8)
C4A	0.0154 (8)	0.0153 (9)	0.0145 (8)	0.0005 (7)	0.0009 (7)	0.0018 (7)
C5	0.0193 (9)	0.0157 (9)	0.0195 (9)	−0.0025 (7)	0.0007 (7)	0.0034 (8)
C6	0.0258 (10)	0.0166 (10)	0.0209 (10)	0.0007 (8)	0.0013 (8)	0.0066 (8)
C7	0.0238 (10)	0.0191 (10)	0.0222 (10)	0.0060 (8)	0.0029 (8)	0.0083 (8)
C8	0.0181 (9)	0.0204 (10)	0.0183 (9)	0.0034 (8)	0.0003 (7)	0.0066 (8)
N9	0.0156 (7)	0.0147 (8)	0.0153 (7)	0.0004 (6)	0.0007 (6)	0.0039 (6)
C9A	0.0156 (8)	0.0147 (9)	0.0158 (8)	−0.0009 (7)	−0.0005 (7)	0.0031 (7)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

C1—C2	1.527 (3)	Se4—C4A	1.898 (2)
C1—C9A	1.542 (3)	C4A—N9	1.347 (3)
C1—H1A	0.9900	C4A—C5	1.396 (3)
C1—H1B	0.9900	C5—C6	1.385 (3)
C2—C3	1.542 (3)	C5—H5	0.9500
C2—H2A	0.9900	C6—C7	1.403 (3)
C2—H2B	0.9900	C6—H6	0.9500
C3—C3A	1.523 (3)	C7—C8	1.367 (3)
C3—H3A	0.9900	C7—H7	0.9500
C3—H3B	0.9900	C8—N9	1.356 (3)
C3A—C9A	1.536 (3)	C8—H8	0.9500
C3A—Se4	1.961 (2)	N9—C9A	1.492 (3)
C3A—H3C	1.0000	C9A—H9A	1.0000

C2—C1—C9A	104.40 (19)	N9—C4A—C5	119.8 (2)
C2—C1—H1A	110.9	N9—C4A—Se4	114.19 (16)
C9A—C1—H1A	110.9	C5—C4A—Se4	125.99 (16)
C2—C1—H1B	110.9	C6—C5—C4A	118.9 (2)
C9A—C1—H1B	110.9	C6—C5—H5	120.6
H1A—C1—H1B	108.9	C4A—C5—H5	120.6
C1—C2—C3	102.42 (19)	C5—C6—C7	120.2 (2)
C1—C2—H2A	111.3	C5—C6—H6	119.9
C3—C2—H2A	111.3	C7—C6—H6	119.9
C1—C2—H2B	111.3	C8—C7—C6	118.7 (2)
C3—C2—H2B	111.3	C8—C7—H7	120.7
H2A—C2—H2B	109.2	C6—C7—H7	120.7
C3A—C3—C2	101.23 (18)	N9—C8—C7	120.7 (2)
C3A—C3—H3A	111.5	N9—C8—H8	119.6
C2—C3—H3A	111.5	C7—C8—H8	119.6
C3A—C3—H3B	111.5	C4A—N9—C8	121.68 (19)
C2—C3—H3B	111.5	C4A—N9—C9A	117.87 (18)
H3A—C3—H3B	109.3	C8—N9—C9A	120.34 (18)
C3—C3A—C9A	106.34 (17)	N9—C9A—C3A	109.62 (17)
C3—C3A—Se4	115.96 (15)	N9—C9A—C1	112.33 (18)
C9A—C3A—Se4	108.73 (14)	C3A—C9A—C1	105.39 (17)
C3—C3A—H3C	108.5	N9—C9A—H9A	109.8
C9A—C3A—H3C	108.5	C3A—C9A—H9A	109.8
Se4—C3A—H3C	108.5	C1—C9A—H9A	109.8
C4A—Se4—C3A	87.21 (9)

C9A—C1—C2—C3	38.3 (2)	Se4—C4A—N9—C9A	−0.1 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C3A	−44.9 (2)	C7—C8—N9—C4A	−3.3 (3)
C2—C3—C3A—C9A	34.7 (2)	C7—C8—N9—C9A	−179.5 (2)
C2—C3—C3A—Se4	155.69 (16)	C4A—N9—C9A—C3A	11.0 (2)
C3A—Se4—C4A—N9	−7.96 (16)	C8—N9—C9A—C3A	−172.69 (19)
C3A—Se4—C4A—C5	172.9 (2)	C4A—N9—C9A—C1	127.8 (2)
N9—C4A—C5—C6	−0.5 (3)	C8—N9—C9A—C1	−55.9 (3)
Se4—C4A—C5—C6	178.57 (17)	C3—C3A—C9A—N9	109.6 (2)
C4A—C5—C6—C7	−1.3 (3)	Se4—C3A—C9A—N9	−15.9 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C8	0.9 (3)	C3—C3A—C9A—C1	−11.5 (2)
C6—C7—C8—N9	1.4 (3)	Se4—C3A—C9A—C1	−137.02 (15)
C5—C4A—N9—C8	2.8 (3)	C2—C1—C9A—N9	−136.01 (19)
Se4—C4A—N9—C8	−176.36 (16)	C2—C1—C9A—C3A	−16.7 (2)
C5—C4A—N9—C9A	179.04 (19)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C7—H7···Br1ⁱ	0.95	2.91	3.728 (2)	145
C9A—H9A···Br1ⁱⁱ	1.00	2.82	3.614 (2)	137

Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y, z; (ii) x+1, y+1, z.

Acknowledgements

The publication has been prepared with the support of the RUDN University Program `5–100'.

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Volume 75| Part 5| May 2019| Pages 675-679

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019004997

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research communications\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Bromination of bis­­(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methyl­ene chloride: the reaction mechanism and crystal structures of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide and its cyclo­adduct with cyclo­pentene (3aSR,9aRS)-2,3,3a,9a-tetra­hydro-1H-cyclo­penta­[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium bromide

1. Chemical context

2. Structural commentary

3. Supra­molecular features

4. Database survey

5. Synthesis and crystallization

6. Refinement

Supporting information

Acknowledgements

References

research communications

Bromination of bis(pyridin-2-yl) diselenide in methylene chloride: the reaction mechanism and crystal structures of 1H-pyridine-2-selenenyl dibromide and its cycloadduct with cyclopentene (3aSR,9aRS)-2,3,3a,9a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[4,5][1,3]selenazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium bromide

3. Supramolecular features