Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-chloro-3-[(E)-(2-phenyl­hydrazinyl­idene)meth­yl]quinoline

Akhramez, S.; Hafid, A.; Khouili, M.; Saadi, M.; El Ammari, L.; Ketatni, E.M.

doi:10.1107/S2056989019007692

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 75| Part 7| July 2019| Pages 964-968

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019007692

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Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 2-chloro-3-[(E)-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]quinoline

Soufiane Akhramez,^a ^* Abderrafia Hafid,^a Mostafa Khouili,^a Mohamed Saadi,^b Lahcen El Ammari ^b and El Mostafa Ketatni ^a

^aLaboratory of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculty of Science and Technology, PO Box 523, Beni-Mellal, Morocco, and ^bLaboratoire de Chimie Appliquée des Matériaux, Centre Sciences des Matériaux, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Avenue Ibn Batouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
^*Correspondence e-mail: s.akhramez@gmail.com

Edited by H. Stoeckli-Evans, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland (Received 8 May 2019; accepted 27 May 2019; online 7 June 2019)

A new quinoline-based hydrazone, C₁₆H₁₂ClN₃, was synthesized by a condensation reaction of 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline with phenylhydrazine. The quinoline ring system is essentially planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å), and forms a dihedral angle of 8.46 (10)° with the phenyl ring. The molecule adopts an E configuration with respect to the central C=N bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked by a C—H⋯π-phenyl interaction, forming zigzag chains propagating along the [10 $[\overline{3}]$ ] direction. The N—H hydrogen atom does not participate in hydrogen bonding but is directed towards the phenyl ring of an adjacent molecule, so linking the chains via weak N—H⋯π interactions to form of a three-dimensional structure. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most important contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (35.5%), C⋯H/H⋯C (33.7%), Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl (12.3%), N⋯H/H⋯N (9.5%) contacts.

Keywords: crystal structure; quinoline hydrazine; phenyl hydrazine; C—H⋯π interaction; weak N—H⋯π interaction; Hirshfeld surface analysis.

CCDC reference: 1918954

1. Chemical context

Quinoline hydrazones are important classes of organic compounds that have long attracted attention because of their potential biological and pharmacological properties. They were conventionally prepared by a condensation reaction of the carbonyl compounds with hydrazines. A number of compounds incorporating the quinolinic heterocycle and a hydrazone have been synthesized and tested for their potential as antitumor agents (Erguc et al., 2018 ; Mandewale et al., 2017 ). Hydrazono-quinoline derivatives have been incorporated in many synthetic heterocyclic compounds in order to enhance the cytotoxic activity (Bingul et al., 2016 ). Some of these derivatives may have anti-tuberculosis activity in vitro against various strains of Mycobacterium (Eswaran et al., 2010a ,b , 2009 ). Others have been studied as antibacterial agents (Desai et al., 2014 ; Vlahov et al., 1990 ) and antimalarials (Vandekerckhove & D'hooghe, 2015 ; Lyon et al., 1999 ; Nayak et al., 2016 ; Hamama et al., 2018 ; Chavan et al., 2016 ).

In an attempt to find novel bioactive cytotoxic molecules, we have synthesized a series of quinoline-3-carbonitrile and 2-chloroquinoline derivatives by the reaction mechanism illustrated in Fig. 1. A similar synthesis has been reported in the literature (Korcz et al., 2018 ).

Figure 1
Reaction scheme: condensation of 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline with phenylhydrazine.

The structure of the title compound 5, has been elucidated using ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.

2. Structural commentary

Compound 5 was prepared by a condensation reaction of 2-chloro-3-formylquinoline with phenylhydrazine. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group Cc. It is composed of a phenyl ring and a quinoline ring system linked by a –CH=N—NH– spacer (Fig. 2), and adopts an E configuration relative to the hydrazonic N2=C10 bond [1.277 (3) Å].

Figure 2
The molecular structure of compound 5 with the atom labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level.

The quinoline moiety is very slightly twisted, as indicated by the dihedral angle of 0.99 (10)° between the C1–C6 and N1/C1–C4/C9 rings. The phenyl ring (C11–C16) makes a dihedral angle of 8.49 (9)° with the mean plane of the quinoline ring system. The C1—Cl1 bond length of 1.750 (2) Å is in good agreement with the value of 1.756 (2) Å reported for a related structure, viz. (E)-1-[(2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene]-2-(4-methylphenyl)hydrazine, also known as 2-chloro-3-{[(4-methylphenyl)hydrazono]methyl)quinoline} (Kumara et al., 2016 ).

3. Supramolecular features

In the crystal of compound 5, molecules are linked by a C—H⋯π-phenyl interaction (Table 1), with an H⋯centroid distance of 2.97 Å, forming zigzag chains propagating along the [10 $[\overline{3}]$ ] direction, as shown in Fig. 3. The NH group of the hydrazone moiety does not form a hydrogen bond, but is directed towards the phenyl ring of an adjacent molecule, so linking the chains via a weak N—H⋯π interaction (Table 1), to form of a supramolecular three-dimensional structure (Fig. 4). There are no other significant intermolecular contacts shorter than those of the sum of the van der Waals radii of the individual atoms (PLATON; Spek, 2009 ).

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg is the centroid of the C11–C16 ring.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C7—H7⋯Cgⁱ	0.93	2.97	3.700 (3)	136
N3—H3N⋯Cgⁱⁱ	0.86	3.30	4.060	149
Symmetry codes: (i) $[x-{\script{3\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (ii) $[x, -y+1, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 3
Chain of molecules of compound 5 linked by C—H⋯π and N—H⋯π interactions (Table 1

), shown respectively, as dotted orange and purple dashed lines. For clarity, H atoms not involved in these interactions have been omitted.

Figure 4
A view along the c axis of the crystal packing of compound 5. H atoms not involved in the C—H⋯π and N—H⋯π interactions (dotted orange and purple dashed lines, respectively) have been omitted for clarity.

4. Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots

In order to visualize the role of weak intermolecular contacts in the crystal of compound 5, a Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ) was carried out and the associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots (McKinnon et al., 2007 ) generated using CrystalExplorer17.5 (Turner et al., 2017 ). The three-dimensional d_norm surface of 5 is shown in Fig. 5 with a standard surface resolution and a fixed colour scale of −0.1805 to 1.0413 a.u. The darkest red spots on the Hirshfeld surface indicate contact points with atoms participating in intermolecular C—H⋯π and N—H⋯π interactions that involve C7—H7 and N3—H3N and the phenyl substituent (Table 1).

Figure 5
A view of the Hirshfeld surface of compound 5 mapped over (a) d_norm and (b) shape index.

As illustrated in Fig. 6, the corresponding fingerprint plots for compound 5 have characteristic pseudo-symmetric wings along the d_e and d_i diagonal axes. The presence of C—H⋯π and N—H⋯π interactions in the crystal are indicated by the pair of characteristic wings in the fingerprint plot delineated into C⋯H/H⋯C (Fig. 6c) and N⋯H/H⋯N (Fig. 6e) contacts (33.7 and 9.5% contributions, respectively, to the Hirshfeld surface). As shown in Fig. 6b, the most widely scattered points in the fingerprint plot are related to H⋯H contacts, which make a contribution of 35.5% to the Hirshfeld surface. There are also Cl⋯H/H⋯Cl (12.3%; Fig. 6d) and N⋯H/H⋯N (9.5%; Fig. 6e) contacts, with smaller contributions from C⋯C (3.5%), Cl⋯N (2.3%), C⋯N (2.2%) and C⋯Cl (1.1%) contacts.

Figure 6
The overall two-dimensional fingerprint plot for compound 5, and those delineated into: (b) H⋯H (35.5%), (c) C⋯H/H⋯C (33.7%), (d) Cl⋯H/H.·Cl (12.3%) and (e) N⋯H/H⋯N (9.5%) contacts.

5. Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, version 5.40, update February 2019; Groom et al., 2016 ) using the hydrazinylidenemethyl quinoline system (Fig. 7) as the main skeleton revealed the presence of three similar structures to the title compound. One compound, (E)-2-chloro-3-{[2-(p-tolyl)hydrazineylidene]methyl}quinoline (5a) (CSD refcode ATIBOW; Kumara et al., 2016) has the C=N—N linkage with quinoline at position-3, as in the title compound 5. Two compounds have the C=N—N linkage with quinoline at position-2, viz. (E)-2-[(2-phenylhydrazineylidene)methyl]quinoline (5b) (WASJOS; Mukherjee et al., 2014 ) and (E)-2-{[2-(4-chlorophenyl)hydrazineylidene]methyl}quinoline (5c) (Chaur Valencia et al., 2018 ), as shown in Fig. 7. Table 2 presents a comparison between the principal bond lengths and angles of compound 5 and the related structures. The bond lengths in the hydrazonic linkage –C=N—N– remain almost unaltered in all four compounds, as do the C—C=N—N torsion angles.

Table 2
Comparison of main bond lengths (Å) and C—C=N—N torsion angles (°) in compound 5 and the related structures 5a, 5b and 5c

Compound	C2—C10	C10=N2	N2—N3	N3—C11	C—C=N—N
5	1.461 (3)	1.277 (3)	1.349 (3)	1.391 (3)	−177.79 (19)
5a	1.468	1.282	1.354	1.400	−178.40
5b	1.452	1.289	1.350	1.393	−179.10
5c	1.456	1.279	1.348	1.389	179.10
Notes: 5 this study; 5a Kumara et al. (2016); 5b Mukherjee et al. (2014); 5c Chaur Valencia et al. (2018).

Figure 7
Structures of some related quinoline-hydrazine compounds.

6. Synthesis and crystallization

The multi-step reactions leading to the synthesis of the title compound 5 are illustrated in Fig. 1. Details of the syntheses of compounds 2, 3 and 5 are given below.

2-Chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (3) was synthesized from acetylated aniline (2), according to a Vilsmeier–Haack reaction, either by conventional methods (Ramesh et al., 2008 ; Rajakumar & Raja, 2010 ), using microwaves (Mogilaiah et al., 2002 ) or ultrasonic irradiation (Ali et al., 2002 ).

In a first step, we tried a simple reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (3) and phenyl hydrazine in ethanol at room temperature or with heating to synthesize a new pyrazolo-quinoline derivative, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinoline (4). This was by a simple and different method from that described in the literature (Hamama et al., 2018). Unfortunately, the reaction did not take the desired route and led to the formation of the title compound 5, 2-chloro-3-[(E)-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]quinoline, resulting from the attack of the nitrogen of hydrazine on the aldehyde at position 3 of quinoline.

The reaction conditions for the synthesis of compound 5 were optimized by changing the solvent, the catalyst and the temperature. The best yield of 92% was obtained by the conventional method, viz. refluxing in ethanol for 10 min and without a catalyst. In the ¹H NMR spectra of this hydrazone quinoline, the single resonance for the proton of the –N(H)N=group is observed at δ = 12.01 ppm, whereas the corresponding amide N=CH proton appears as a broad singlet at 8.45 ppm. The spectra show that the chemical shifts of the protons on the aryl group have been assigned correctly. The structure of this hydrazono-quinoline, 5, was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.

Synthesis of N-phenylacetamide (2):

To a 500 ml flask containing 250 ml of water and 25% hydrochloric acid (15 ml, 0.108 mol), aniline (9.75 ml, 0.108 mol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 323 K for 10 min. Then, and at room temperature, acetic anhydride (10.3 ml, 0.108 mol) and sodium acetate (16.4 g, 0.2 mol) were added. The mixture was stirred for 20 min. The product obtained was filtered off and then dried, giving a white solid (yield 86%, m.p. 384–386 K).

¹H NMR (300 Hz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 7.42 (1H, s, NH), 7.77–7.22 (5H, m, HAr), 2,21 (3H, s, CH₃); ¹³C NMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 169.9 (CO), 140.0 (C), 129.6 (2C), 128.7 (C), 122.3 (2CH), 20.9 (CH₃).

Synthesis of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (3):

Phosphorus oxychloride (POCl₃) (35 ml, 374 mmol) was added dropwise with magnetic stirring at 273 K, to anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (10 ml, 135 mmol) in a double-necked flask. Once the addition was complete, the temperature was allowed to rise and the reaction mixture was left stirring for 30 min. Acetanilide 2 (7.29 g, 54 mmol) was then added and the reaction mixture was heated at 348 K for 4 h. Subsequently and at room temperature, the reaction mixture was poured in small portions into an Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of ice/water (200 ml) maintained with magnetic stirring. The precipitate formed was filtered and then washed with water (100 ml). Compound 3 was obtained as a yellow solid (yield 68%, m.p. 418–420 K).

¹HNMR (300 Hz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 10.59 (1H, s, CHO), 8.80 (1H, s), 8.07–7.66 (4H, m, HAr); ¹³CNMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃): δ (ppm) 189.2 (CHO), 150.1 (C), 149.5 (C), 140.2 (CH), 133.6 (CH), 129.7 (C), 128.5 (CH), 128.1 (CH), 126.4 (CH), 126.3 (C).

Synthesis of 2-chloro-3-[(E)-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]quinoline (5):

To a solution of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde (3) (191.0 mg, 1 mmol) in ethanol was added phenylhydrazine (0.99 ml, 1 mmol). The mixture was stirred and refluxed for 10 min. The precipitate that formed was filtered, then washed repeatedly with diethyl ether. Subsequently, the precipitate was dissolved in pure ethanol. Pale-brown block-like crystals were obtained by slow evaporation of this ethanolic solution at room temperature. The crystals were then dried under vacuum (yield 92%, m.p. 429–429 K).

¹HNMR (300 Hz, CDCl₃): 12.01 (s, 1H, NH), 8.97 (s, 1H, H_quinoline), 8.45 (s, 1H, N=CH), 7.90–8.00 (m, 4H, Ar-H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.33 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H, Ar-H); ¹³CNMR (75 Hz, CDCl₃): 121.8, 127.8 (three overlapping signals), 154.1 (CCl), 147.4 (C), 146.3 (C), 135.8 (CN), 133.4 (C), 131.8 (C), 129.9 (2C), 129.5(C), 128.8 (C), 128.0 (C), 127.7 (C), 126.6 (C), 124.1 (C), 122.7 (C), 116.6 (2C).

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. All H atoms could be located in a difference-Fourier map. During refinement they were placed in calculated positions and treated as riding: N—H = 0.86 Å, C—H = 0.93 Å with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(N,C).

Table 3
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₁₆H₁₂ClN₃
M_r	281.74
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, Cc
Temperature (K)	296
a, b, c (Å)	6.2114 (4), 19.4553 (11), 11.2520 (7)
β (°)	91.883 (2)
V (Å³)	1359.01 (14)
Z	4
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.27
Crystal size (mm)	0.35 × 0.26 × 0.20

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker D8 VENTURE Super DUO
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016 )
T_min, T_max	0.678, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	21613, 2981, 2712
R_int	0.029
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.641

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.029, 0.072, 1.04
No. of reflections	2981
No. of parameters	182
No. of restraints	2
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.15, −0.14
Absolute structure	Flack x determined using 1200 quotients [(I⁺)−(I⁻)]/[(I⁺)+(I⁻)] (Parsons et al., 2013 )
Absolute structure parameter	0.023 (15)
Computer programs: APEX3 and SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2016), SHELXS2014 (Sheldrick, 2008 ), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015 ), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008 ), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ).

Supporting information

CCDC reference: 1918954

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, Gobal. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019007692/su5497sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019007692/su5497Isup2.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX3 (Bruker, 2016); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2016); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2016); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2014 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015), PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010).

2-Chloro-3-[(E)-(2-phenylhydrazinylidene)methyl]quinoline top

Crystal data top

C₁₆H₁₂ClN₃	F(000) = 584
M_r = 281.74	D_x = 1.377 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, Cc	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 6.2114 (4) Å	Cell parameters from 2981 reflections
b = 19.4553 (11) Å	θ = 2.8–27.1°
c = 11.2520 (7) Å	µ = 0.27 mm⁻¹
β = 91.883 (2)°	T = 296 K
V = 1359.01 (14) Å³	Block, brown
Z = 4	0.35 × 0.26 × 0.20 mm

Data collection top

Bruker D8 VENTURE Super DUO diffractometer	2981 independent reflections
Radiation source: INCOATEC IµS micro-focus source	2712 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
HELIOS mirror optics monochromator	R_int = 0.029
Detector resolution: 10.4167 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 27.1°, θ_min = 2.8°
φ and ω scans	h = −7→7
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016)	k = −24→24
T_min = 0.678, T_max = 0.746	l = −14→14
21613 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: full	H-atom parameters constrained
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.029	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0402P)² + 0.2303P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
wR(F²) = 0.072	(Δ/σ)_max < 0.001
S = 1.03	Δρ_max = 0.15 e Å⁻³
2981 reflections	Δρ_min = −0.14 e Å⁻³
182 parameters	Extinction correction: (SHELXL2014; Sheldrick, 2015), Fc^*=kFc[1+0.001xFc²λ³/sin(2θ)]^-1/4
2 restraints	Extinction coefficient: 0.0046 (13)
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods	Absolute structure: Flack x determined using 1200 quotients [(I⁺)-(I^-)]/[(I⁺)+(I^-)] (Parsons et al., 2013)
Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map	Absolute structure parameter: 0.023 (15)

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Cl1	0.50087 (11)	0.42496 (3)	0.50091 (7)	0.0554 (2)
N1	0.1727 (3)	0.34866 (11)	0.44617 (16)	0.0421 (4)
N2	0.6213 (3)	0.40817 (9)	0.12487 (17)	0.0419 (4)
N3	0.8016 (3)	0.43842 (10)	0.08642 (18)	0.0463 (5)
H3N	0.8814	0.4624	0.1345	0.056*
C1	0.3350 (3)	0.37935 (11)	0.39999 (19)	0.0393 (5)
C2	0.3882 (3)	0.37981 (11)	0.27845 (18)	0.0371 (5)
C3	0.2499 (4)	0.34346 (12)	0.20400 (18)	0.0395 (5)
H3	0.2744	0.3424	0.1229	0.047*
C4	0.0728 (4)	0.30794 (11)	0.24785 (18)	0.0379 (5)
C5	−0.0709 (4)	0.26905 (12)	0.1754 (2)	0.0470 (5)
H5	−0.0510	0.2665	0.0940	0.056*
C6	−0.2389 (4)	0.23516 (13)	0.2241 (2)	0.0511 (6)
H6	−0.3328	0.2096	0.1756	0.061*
C7	−0.2712 (5)	0.23870 (13)	0.3473 (3)	0.0544 (6)
H7	−0.3850	0.2149	0.3798	0.065*
C8	−0.1374 (4)	0.27659 (13)	0.4190 (2)	0.0498 (6)
H8	−0.1619	0.2794	0.4999	0.060*
C9	0.0384 (4)	0.31169 (11)	0.37146 (19)	0.0394 (5)
C10	0.5788 (4)	0.41442 (11)	0.2346 (2)	0.0421 (5)
H10	0.6671	0.4404	0.2855	0.051*
C11	0.8577 (4)	0.43052 (11)	−0.0315 (2)	0.0405 (5)
C12	0.7277 (4)	0.39628 (13)	−0.1134 (2)	0.0487 (5)
H12	0.5980	0.3773	−0.0905	0.058*
C13	0.7903 (5)	0.39014 (15)	−0.2298 (2)	0.0574 (7)
H13	0.7017	0.3670	−0.2847	0.069*
C14	0.9814 (5)	0.41769 (13)	−0.2655 (2)	0.0582 (7)
H14	1.0218	0.4137	−0.3441	0.070*
C15	1.1114 (5)	0.45108 (15)	−0.1835 (3)	0.0620 (7)
H15	1.2414	0.4697	−0.2067	0.074*
C16	1.0518 (5)	0.45757 (15)	−0.0663 (2)	0.0563 (7)
H16	1.1420	0.4800	−0.0113	0.068*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Cl1	0.0558 (3)	0.0700 (4)	0.0398 (3)	−0.0078 (3)	−0.0075 (2)	−0.0099 (3)
N1	0.0487 (10)	0.0489 (10)	0.0288 (8)	−0.0018 (8)	0.0014 (8)	−0.0004 (7)
N2	0.0435 (11)	0.0417 (10)	0.0407 (10)	−0.0026 (8)	0.0042 (8)	0.0034 (8)
N3	0.0471 (11)	0.0510 (11)	0.0411 (10)	−0.0138 (9)	0.0049 (8)	−0.0024 (8)
C1	0.0438 (12)	0.0401 (11)	0.0336 (10)	0.0036 (9)	−0.0052 (9)	−0.0029 (9)
C2	0.0416 (12)	0.0352 (11)	0.0345 (11)	0.0044 (9)	0.0015 (9)	0.0009 (8)
C3	0.0474 (12)	0.0425 (12)	0.0290 (10)	0.0001 (9)	0.0052 (9)	−0.0021 (8)
C4	0.0453 (12)	0.0349 (10)	0.0335 (10)	0.0029 (9)	0.0025 (9)	0.0002 (8)
C5	0.0574 (14)	0.0469 (12)	0.0368 (12)	−0.0040 (11)	0.0024 (10)	−0.0047 (10)
C6	0.0566 (14)	0.0465 (14)	0.0499 (15)	−0.0112 (11)	−0.0021 (12)	−0.0065 (10)
C7	0.0541 (15)	0.0536 (14)	0.0561 (15)	−0.0123 (12)	0.0110 (12)	0.0013 (12)
C8	0.0575 (15)	0.0561 (15)	0.0361 (12)	−0.0054 (12)	0.0092 (10)	0.0025 (11)
C9	0.0459 (12)	0.0379 (11)	0.0343 (10)	0.0020 (9)	0.0016 (9)	0.0016 (8)
C10	0.0452 (12)	0.0426 (11)	0.0385 (11)	−0.0024 (10)	0.0011 (9)	−0.0009 (9)
C11	0.0454 (12)	0.0364 (12)	0.0401 (12)	−0.0003 (9)	0.0050 (9)	0.0038 (8)
C12	0.0464 (13)	0.0539 (13)	0.0457 (13)	−0.0040 (11)	−0.0004 (10)	0.0031 (10)
C13	0.0755 (19)	0.0575 (16)	0.0388 (13)	0.0056 (14)	−0.0042 (12)	0.0008 (11)
C14	0.084 (2)	0.0474 (14)	0.0441 (13)	0.0173 (14)	0.0182 (13)	0.0101 (11)
C15	0.0650 (18)	0.0549 (15)	0.0677 (18)	−0.0024 (13)	0.0277 (15)	0.0071 (13)
C16	0.0563 (15)	0.0560 (15)	0.0572 (16)	−0.0156 (12)	0.0113 (12)	−0.0022 (12)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Cl1—C1	1.750 (2)	C6—H6	0.9300
N1—C1	1.295 (3)	C7—C8	1.356 (4)
N1—C9	1.369 (3)	C7—H7	0.9300
N2—C10	1.277 (3)	C8—C9	1.408 (3)
N2—N3	1.349 (3)	C8—H8	0.9300
N3—C11	1.391 (3)	C10—H10	0.9300
N3—H3N	0.8600	C11—C12	1.377 (3)
C1—C2	1.417 (3)	C11—C16	1.384 (3)
C2—C3	1.376 (3)	C12—C13	1.384 (3)
C2—C10	1.461 (3)	C12—H12	0.9300
C3—C4	1.402 (3)	C13—C14	1.374 (4)
C3—H3	0.9300	C13—H13	0.9300
C4—C5	1.409 (3)	C14—C15	1.370 (5)
C4—C9	1.416 (3)	C14—H14	0.9300
C5—C6	1.365 (4)	C15—C16	1.387 (4)
C5—H5	0.9300	C15—H15	0.9300
C6—C7	1.409 (4)	C16—H16	0.9300

C1—N1—C9	117.55 (18)	C7—C8—H8	119.8
C10—N2—N3	117.97 (19)	C9—C8—H8	119.8
N2—N3—C11	119.62 (19)	N1—C9—C8	119.1 (2)
N2—N3—H3N	120.2	N1—C9—C4	121.43 (19)
C11—N3—H3N	120.2	C8—C9—C4	119.5 (2)
N1—C1—C2	126.8 (2)	N2—C10—C2	118.6 (2)
N1—C1—Cl1	115.01 (16)	N2—C10—H10	120.7
C2—C1—Cl1	118.15 (17)	C2—C10—H10	120.7
C3—C2—C1	115.04 (19)	C12—C11—C16	119.4 (2)
C3—C2—C10	121.86 (19)	C12—C11—N3	122.1 (2)
C1—C2—C10	123.08 (19)	C16—C11—N3	118.4 (2)
C2—C3—C4	121.36 (19)	C11—C12—C13	119.9 (2)
C2—C3—H3	119.3	C11—C12—H12	120.0
C4—C3—H3	119.3	C13—C12—H12	120.0
C3—C4—C5	123.4 (2)	C14—C13—C12	121.0 (3)
C3—C4—C9	117.76 (19)	C14—C13—H13	119.5
C5—C4—C9	118.9 (2)	C12—C13—H13	119.5
C6—C5—C4	120.4 (2)	C15—C14—C13	118.9 (2)
C6—C5—H5	119.8	C15—C14—H14	120.5
C4—C5—H5	119.8	C13—C14—H14	120.5
C5—C6—C7	120.4 (2)	C14—C15—C16	120.9 (3)
C5—C6—H6	119.8	C14—C15—H15	119.5
C7—C6—H6	119.8	C16—C15—H15	119.5
C8—C7—C6	120.5 (2)	C11—C16—C15	119.8 (3)
C8—C7—H7	119.8	C11—C16—H16	120.1
C6—C7—H7	119.8	C15—C16—H16	120.1
C7—C8—C9	120.4 (2)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

Cg is the centroid of the C11–C16 ring.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C7—H7···Cgⁱ	0.93	2.97	3.700 (3)	136
N3—H3N···Cgⁱⁱ	0.86	3.30	4.060	149

Symmetry codes: (i) x−3/2, −y+1/2, z+1/2; (ii) x, −y+1, z+1/2.

Comparison of main bond lengths (Å) and C—C═N—N torsion angles (°) in compound 5 and the related structures 5a, 5b and 5c top

Compound	C2—C10	C10═N2	N2—N3	N3—C11	C—C═N—N
5	1.461 (3)	1.277 (3)	1.349 (3)	1.391 (3)	-177.79 (19)
5a	1.468	1.282	1.354	1.400	-178.40
5b	1.452	1.289	1.350	1.393	-179.10
5c	1.456	1.279	1.348	1.389	179.10

Notes: 5 this study; 5a Kumara et al. (2016); 5b Mukherjee et al. (2014); 5c Chaur Valencia et al. (2018).

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco, for the X-ray measurements.

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