research communications
Synthesis, detailed geometric analysis and bond-valence method evaluation of the strength of π-arene bonding of two isotypic cationic prehnitene tin(II) complexes: [{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][MCl4]2 (M = Al and Ga)
aInstitut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Lehrstuhl II: Material- und Strukturforschung, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: wfrank@hhu.de
From solutions of prehnitene and the ternary halides (SnCl)[MCl4] (M = Al, Ga) in chlorobenzene, the new cationic SnII–π-arene complexes catena-poly[[chloridoaluminate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4′:1κ2Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chloridoaluminate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ2Cl], [Al2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (1) and catena-poly[[chloridogallate(III)]-tri-μ-chlorido-4′:1κ2Cl,1:2κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-2:3κ4Cl-[(η6-1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)tin(II)]-di-μ-chlorido-3:4κ4Cl-[chloridogallate(III)]-μ-chlorido-4:1′κ2Cl], [Ga2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2]n, (2), were isolated. In these first main-group metal–prehnitene complexes, the distorted η6 arene π-bonding to the tin atoms of the Sn2Cl22+ moieties in the centre of [{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][MCl4]2 repeating units (site symmetry ) is characterized by: (i) a significant ring slippage of ca 0.4 Å indicated by the dispersion of Sn—C distances [1: 2.881 (2)–3.216 (2) Å; 2: 2.891 (3)–3.214 (3) Å]; (ii) the non-methyl-substituted arene C atoms positioned closest to the SnII central atom; (iii) a pronounced tilt of the plane of the arene ligand against the plane of the central (Sn2Cl2)2+ four-membered ring species [1: 15.59 (11)°, 2: 15.69 (9)°]; (iv) metal–arene bonding of medium strength as illustrated by application of the bond-valence method in an indirect manner, defining the π-arene bonding interaction of the SnII central atoms as s(SnII—arene) = 2 − Σs(SnII—Cl), that gives s(SnII—arene) = 0.37 and 0.38 valence units for the aluminate and the gallate, respectively, indicating that comparatively strong main-group metal–arene bonding is present and in line with the expectation that [AlCl4]− is the slightly weaker coordinating anion as compared to [GaCl4]−.
1. Chemical context
Compounds that are known today to have arene (= benzenoid) molecules π-bonded to main-group metal central atoms have been studied since the late 19th century (Smith, 1879; Smith & Davis, 1882; Lecoq de Boisbaudran, 1881). The best recognized work of the early period seems to be the series of investigations by Menshutkin, exploring the composition of compounds in systems of the type EX3/arene (E = As, Sb; X = Cl, Br), subsequently often referred to as `Menshutkin complexes' (e.g. Menshutkin, 1911). However, the nature of bonding in such compounds remained unclear until the first structure determinations of p-block-metal–arene complexes were published in the late 1960s (Lüth & Amma, 1969; Hulme & Szymanski, 1969). Although a significant number of cationic main-group metal–π-arene complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized since then (see review by Schmidbaur & Schier, 2008), the knowledge of isotypic pairs containing the same cation but different anions is so far limited to two couples of bis(arene) complexes, viz. {[(C6H6)2Ga][GaX4]}2 [X = Cl (Schmidbaur et al. 1983), Br (Uson-Finkenzeller et al., 1986)] and {[(1,2,4-(CH3)3C6H3)2Tl][MCl4]}2 (M = Al, Ga; Frank et al., 1996). Only the latter pair was compared in detail.
We herein describe the synthesis and structural investigation of {[{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][MCl4]2}x [M = Al (1), Ga (2)], the first couple of isotypic mono(arene) complexes. In relation to previous work on structurally related compounds within the class [(arene)2Sn2Cl2][AlCl4]2 (Weininger et al., 1979; Frank, 1990a; Schmidbaur et al., 1990; for further information see Section 4), a detailed analysis of the structural parameters of the isotypic cationic tin(II)–π-arene title complexes allows for: (i) identification of the intrinsic features of the π-bonding geometry of mono(arene) complexation in this class; (ii) investigation of the impact of anion change on the π-bonding situation unaffected by more principal structural differences; (iii) the indirect estimation of an empirical bond valence for the π-arene bonding as introduced to organometallic chemistry by one of us in the early 1990s (Frank, 1990a,b,c). The title compounds are the first main-group metal–prehnitene π complexes. Strictly anhydrous conditions are needed for successful syntheses from the ternary halides SnMCl5 (= (SnCl)[MCl4]; M = Al, Ga; Schloots & Frank, 2016) and prehnitene (1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene) in the inert solvent chlorobenzene and for the subsequent crystallization.
2. Structural commentary
The asymmetric units of the isotypic compounds 1 and 2 consist of one half of a Sn2Cl22+ moiety close to a centre of inversion, one [MCl4]− moiety and one prehnitene molecule, all in general positions. As shown in Fig. 1, these components define one half of the centrosymmetric building block that represents the crystallographic repeating unit of a coordination-polymeric chain in which [{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2]2+ cations are connected by two [MCl4]− anions in a 1κ2Cl,Cl2:3κCl3-bridging mode. Bond lengths within the dimeric chloridostannylene cation (in direct comparison, Sn—Cl bond lengths and selected further geometric details of the bonding situation at the tin central atoms of 1 and 2 are given in Table 1) and the chloridometallate anions [M—Cl = 2.1058 (10)–2.1715 (9) Å (1) and 2.1439 (10)–2.2159 (10) Å (2); for almost undistorted anions see orthorhombic Li[AlCl4] (Prömper & Frank, 2017) and Ga[GaCl4] (Schmidbaur et al., 1987)] are as expected, taking into account the mode of association of these species in the polymeric chains. For 1, a section of this chain involving three repeating units is displayed in Fig. 2. Considering the dimensions of the repeating unit along the chain concatenation direction [010] and the orientation of the Sn⋯Sni connection line with respect to this direction, the secondary structure of 1 and 2 established by the mode of concatenation differs principally from all other related structures apart from that of the mesitylene derivative. However, for this derivative the established by the arrangement of columns is entirely different. A more detailed discussion of the packing is given in Section 3.
Two primary and three secondary bonded chlorine atoms of the dimeric cation and the metallate anions, respectively, as well as one π-coordinating prehnitene molecule establish the coordination sphere around the SnII central atom (Fig. 3). Considering the arene π-ligand as occupying one coordination site only, the is six. The range of cis-Cl—Sn—Cl angles [1: 66.360 (18)–120.01 (2)°; 2: 67.82 (2)–121.37 (3)°] is far from allowing the coordination to be described as octahedral, and in our feeling a description as ψ-pentagonal bipyramidal with the arene ligand and Cl2 in axial position [Cntarene—Sn—Cl 160.856 (15)° (1) and 161.137 (18)° (2)] and with the probable equatorial position of the stereochemically active 5s2 lone pair between Cl3 and Cl4ii [Cl3—Sn—Cl4ii 120.01 (2)° (1) and 121.37 (3)° (2)] is much more appropriate. This fits to the observation that the best plane of the arene atoms C1 to C6 at this side of the coordination sphere is more tilted away from this probable lone pair position in the plane defined by Sn1, Cl3 and Cl4ii [27.50 (8)° (1) and 26.98 (8)° (2)] than from the equatorial ligands Cl1 and Cl1i at the opposite side [1: 15.59 (11)°, 2: 15.69 (9)°]. As documented in the two sections of Fig. 3, the tin–π-prehnitene bonding is characterized by the non-methyl-substituted arene C atoms positioned closest to the SnII central atom, by a significant ring slippage (1 and 2: 0.37 Å) also indicated by the dispersion of Sn—C distances [1: 2.881 (2)–3.216 (2) Å; 2: 2.891 (3)–3.214 (3) Å], and by the tilt of the plane of the arene ligand against the plane of the central planar (Sn2Cl2)2+ four-membered ring species as mentioned above. Finally, in the absence of – the transition-metal-specific – π-arene backbonding, it is not unexpected that no significant influence of the SnII coordination on the prehnitene six-membered ring geometry is found in comparison with the results of DFT calculations (Becke, 1993) for non-coordinating prehnitene (Table 1).
The π-bonding interaction in 1 and 2 is of medium strength on the overall scale including all types of arene π-bonding, but strong on the scale of non-covalent main-group metal–arene bonding, as easily illustrated by the application of the bond-valence method according to the formalism of Brown (2009) in an indirect manner: defining the bond valence of the π-arene bonding to the SnII central atom as s(SnII—arene) = 2 − Σs(SnII—Cl) (Frank, 1990a), which gives s(SnII—arene) = 0.37 and 0.38 valence units for the aluminate and the gallate, respectively. These values are in line with the expectation that [AlCl4]− is the slightly weaker coordinating anion as compared to [GaCl4]−. A more detailed analysis of M—Cl, Sn—Cl and Sn—Cntarene distances shows that the anion change does not have impact on the bonding within the (Sn2Cl2)2+ moiety, but a small but significant influence can be traced along a path of bonding from the central atom M1 of the anion to the arene ligand [Al1(Ga1)—Cl2—Sn1—Lsqplarene [1: 2.1715 (9), 3.0340 (7), 2.6898 (11) Å; 2: 2.2159 (9), 3.0155 (9), 2.6997 (14) Å)]. Fully consistent with the observation that the SnII— arene distance is shorter in the aluminate, the distance to the trans-ligand Cl2 is longer and Al1—Cl2 (= Al1—Clmean + 1.8%) is relatively shorter than Ga1—Cl2 (= Ga1—Clmean + 1.95%). In both 1 and 2, the tin–arene bonding is remarkably stronger than the bonding to the Cl2 ligand in the trans-position [s(Sn—Cl2) = 0.21 (1) and 0.22 (2) valence units]. Interestingly, as documented by the dispersion of Bi—C distances [2.753 (9)–3.214 (9) Å] and the arene tilt angle against the plane defined by the Bi and the two primarily bonded Cl atoms in the BiCl2+ moiety (20.6°), the BiIII coordination geometry in the monocationic (mono)hexamethylbenzene bismuth complex {[((CH3)6C6)BiCl2][AlCl4]}2 (Frank et al., 1987) is closely related to the SnII coordination sphere of 1 and 2.
3. Supramolecular features
As in all {[(arene)2Sn2Cl2][AlCl4]2}x structures described before [arene = benzene, toluene (two polymorphs), p-xylene, mesitylene (see Section 4 and for a detailed comparison; Frank, 1990a), in both 1 and 2 the chains (propagating along [010]) are aligned parallel to each other, resulting in a distorted hexagonal packing of rods. However, taking into account primary, secondary and tertiary bonding, the of 1 and 2 is unique. Exemplarily, Fig. 4 shows the packing of 1, mainly characterized by the face-to-face orientation of the prehnitene ligands of neighbouring columns in direction [001]. The orientation of the arene molecules arranged parallel to each other suggests the presence of π–π interactions. However, the distance between the best planes of the prehnitene ligands in discussion is greater than 3.6 Å and only `conventional' van der Waals interactions have to be assumed in this direction. A Hirshfeld analysis of the [(1,2,3,4-tetramethylbenzene)2Sn2Cl2]2+ moiety (Fig. 5) clearly shows three contact points between (Sn2Cl2)2+ cations and [MCl4]− anions as described above. Additionally, it reveals a weak C—H⋯Cl interaction between the methyl groups in the 1- and 4-positions of the prehnitene ligand and chlorine atoms of the [MCl4]− anions (Tables 2 and 3), as shown in the corresponding fingerprint plot.
|
4. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.40, update November 2018; Groom et al., 2016) for tin(II) complexes with arene (benzenoid) ligands, displaying at least three bonds of type `any' between the tin central atom and carbon atoms of the arene moiety, resulted in 15 hits, including SPHOSN (Lefferts et al., 1980) with η6 but extremely weak intramolecular bonding to the phenyl group of a dithiophosphate ligand. Because some of the π complexes known to the authors are missed by this search strategy, in addition a search for structures displaying at least three Sn⋯C non-bonded contacts shorter than 3.67 Å (equal to the sum of van der Waals radii (3.87 Å) minus 0.2 Å) was performed and gave an additional 26 hits. However, all but six of these are associated with very weak and/or strongly distorted intra- or intermolecular contacts to phenyl or phenylene groups within one molecule or between same molecules in the solid. Of the 15 + 6 structures identified by this dual search strategy, six (BENZSN10, Rodesiler et al., 1975; IZUXAD, Schäfer et al., 2011; JAVJIZ, Schmidbaur et al.,1989c; KIKDIR, Probst et al., 1990; ZEMFAB and ZEMFEF, Schleep et al., 2017a) have `dicationic' SnII central species. Comparatively weak bonding of benzene molecules to the SnII central atoms is given in the benzene-solvated mixed-valence SnII/SnIV oxido-trifluoroacetate OFACSO (Birchall & Johnson, 1981). HOQYIX (Beckmann et al., 2012) is a bis(arene) complex of Cp*Sn+ involving two phenyl groups of the [BPh4]− counter-ion, while YAWNOC is a perfluoroalkoxyaluminate containing the [CpSn(C6H5Me)]+ cation (Schleep et al., 2017b). ZEMFIJ contains the mesitylene-complexed dimeric bromidostannylene cation (Sn2Br2)2+ (Schleep et al., 2017a). Of the remaining ten structures, all containing the dimeric chloridostannylene cation (Sn2Cl2)2+, one is a bis(arene)chloridotin(II) tetrachloridoaluminate (VAWCAX Schmidbaur et al., 1989b), one a mono(arene)chloridotin(II) tetrachloridogallate (JENMEU; Frank, 1990b) and eight are mono(arene)chloridotin(II) tetrachloridoaluminates, including the triptycene complex VOGXEU (Schmidbaur et al., 1991), the benzene complex CBZSNA10 (Weininger et al., 1979), the polymorphic toluene complexes VEXHOV and VEXHOV01 (Frank, 1990a), the p-xylene complex CPXSNA10 (Weininger et al., 1979), the mesitylene complex SESSOY (Schmidbaur et al., 1990) and SESSOY01 (Frank, 1990a) and the hexamethylbenzene complex SANMUP (Schmidbaur et al., 1989a). Like the title structures, the benzene, toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene complexes are coordination polymers with bridging [AlCl4]− anions; however, none of these is in a homotypic relationship to the title structures or to one of the others. Considering arene complexes of p-block elements in general, there is only one AlCl4−/GaCl4−-isotypic pair of compounds known, viz. the bis(arene)thallium tetrahalogenidometallates ZOFGEG and ZOFGAC (Frank et al., 1996). Finally, 1 and 2 are the first main-group metal–prehnitene complexes.
5. Synthesis and crystallization
Synthesis and crystallization of 1 and 2 were carried out under an argon atmosphere applying strictly anhydrous conditions using a glass vacuum line equipped with J. Young high-vacuum PTFE valves. Gallium trichloride was used as purchased (Sigma Aldrich, 99.999%), aluminum trichloride (Sigma Aldrich, 99.99%) was purified by repeated SnCl2 (Acros Organics, 98%) was dried with acetic anhydride, the prehnitene/chlorobenzene (Alfa Aesar, 95%; Acros Organics, 99+ %) mixture purified and dried through an alumina Both 1 and 2 can be obtained using the ternary halide [SnCl][MCl4] (M = Al, Ga) directly (Schloots & Frank, 2016) or using a SnCl2/MCl3 mixture instead.
40 mg; 0.12 mmol (160 mg; 0.44 mmol) of [SnCl][AlCl4] ([SnCl][GaCl4]) were dissolved in 4 ml of a prehnitene-chlorobenzene mixture (1.3 mmol to 37.6 mmol) at 343 K. Colourless needles of 1 and 2 were obtained by slowly cooling the solution to room temperature in quantitative yield.
[{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][AlCl4]2 (1): Raman (cm−1): 3060 ν(Car—H), 2933 ν(CH3), 1581 ν(C C), 1388 δ(CH3), 1247 and 640 δ(C C—H), 347 ν(AlCl4−), 242 δ(Sn2Cl22+), 121 δ(AlCl4−). Elemental analysis (calculated): C, 25.93 (26.25); H, 3.06 (3.06) %. M.p. (decomp.) 432 K.
[{1,2,3,4-(CH3)4C6H2}2Sn2Cl2][GaCl4]2 (2): Raman (cm−1): 3057 ν(Car—H), 2930 ν(CH3), 1580 ν(C C), 1388 δ(CH3), 1247 and 640 δ(C C—H), 348 ν(GaCl4−), 241 δ(Sn2Cl22+), 115 δ(GaCl4−). Elemental analysis (calculated): C, 24.03 (24.00); H, 2.84 (2.80) %. M.p. (decomp.) 425 K.
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The positions of all hydrogen atoms were identified via subsequent difference-Fourier syntheses. In the a riding model was applied using idealized C—H bond lengths [0.94 (CH) and 0.97 (CH3) Å] as well as H—C—H and C—C—H angles. In addition, the H atoms of the CH3 groups were allowed to rotate around the neighbouring C—C bonds. The Uiso values were set to 1.5Ueq(Cmethyl) and 1.2Ueq(Car).
details are summarized in Table 4
|
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019008508/wm5510sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, II, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019008508/wm5510Isup2.hkl
Structure factors: contains datablock II. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019008508/wm5510IIsup3.hkl
For both structures, data collection: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2009); cell
X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2009); data reduction: X-AREA (Stoe & Cie, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT 2014/5 (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2018); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).[Al2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2] | Z = 1 |
Mr = 914.30 | F(000) = 444 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.769 Mg m−3 |
a = 8.7512 (5) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 9.1357 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 24404 reflections |
c = 11.2803 (7) Å | θ = 4.5–59.3° |
α = 85.524 (5)° | µ = 2.30 mm−1 |
β = 72.769 (5)° | T = 213 K |
γ = 86.926 (5)° | Needle, colorless |
V = 858.30 (9) Å3 | 0.27 × 0.17 × 0.13 mm |
Stoe IPDS 2T diffractometer | 4326 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.040 |
ω scans | θmax = 29.2°, θmin = 2.2° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | h = −11→11 |
Tmin = 0.476, Tmax = 0.697 | k = −12→12 |
17750 measured reflections | l = −15→15 |
4585 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.058 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0163P)2 + 0.5546P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.24 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4585 reflections | Δρmax = 0.59 e Å−3 |
158 parameters | Δρmin = −0.46 e Å−3 |
0 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Sn1 | 0.52308 (2) | 0.16549 (2) | 0.60211 (2) | 0.02833 (5) | |
Cl1 | 0.29871 (6) | 0.01611 (6) | 0.55845 (5) | 0.03375 (12) | |
Cl2 | 0.52884 (7) | 0.36374 (7) | 0.37225 (6) | 0.03974 (13) | |
Cl3 | 0.85918 (10) | 0.32842 (9) | 0.47942 (8) | 0.05591 (19) | |
Cl4 | 0.80050 (8) | 0.64593 (6) | 0.30806 (7) | 0.04703 (16) | |
Cl5 | 0.90510 (11) | 0.32035 (10) | 0.15790 (8) | 0.0646 (2) | |
Al1 | 0.78043 (9) | 0.41345 (7) | 0.32595 (7) | 0.03229 (15) | |
C1 | 0.6234 (3) | −0.0503 (3) | 0.7664 (2) | 0.0366 (5) | |
H1 | 0.671568 | −0.133161 | 0.723925 | 0.044* | |
C2 | 0.4588 (3) | −0.0430 (3) | 0.8189 (2) | 0.0335 (5) | |
H2 | 0.397040 | −0.120733 | 0.811111 | 0.040* | |
C3 | 0.3833 (3) | 0.0780 (3) | 0.8831 (2) | 0.0305 (4) | |
C4 | 0.4771 (3) | 0.1937 (3) | 0.8931 (2) | 0.0330 (5) | |
C5 | 0.6446 (3) | 0.1861 (3) | 0.8393 (2) | 0.0349 (5) | |
C6 | 0.7188 (3) | 0.0631 (3) | 0.7757 (2) | 0.0358 (5) | |
C7 | 0.2040 (3) | 0.0788 (3) | 0.9401 (3) | 0.0434 (6) | |
H71 | 0.155733 | 0.161604 | 0.903607 | 0.065* | |
H72 | 0.178309 | 0.087089 | 1.029158 | 0.065* | |
H73 | 0.162684 | −0.011828 | 0.924343 | 0.065* | |
C8 | 0.3978 (4) | 0.3254 (3) | 0.9619 (3) | 0.0501 (7) | |
H81 | 0.418526 | 0.412853 | 0.905839 | 0.075* | |
H82 | 0.440483 | 0.336065 | 1.030844 | 0.075* | |
H83 | 0.283293 | 0.311956 | 0.993471 | 0.075* | |
C9 | 0.7448 (4) | 0.3112 (4) | 0.8510 (3) | 0.0588 (8) | |
H91 | 0.855725 | 0.292126 | 0.804884 | 0.088* | |
H92 | 0.736307 | 0.319407 | 0.937973 | 0.088* | |
H93 | 0.706411 | 0.402187 | 0.817729 | 0.088* | |
C10 | 0.8978 (3) | 0.0490 (4) | 0.7171 (3) | 0.0501 (7) | |
H101 | 0.923939 | −0.041956 | 0.675420 | 0.075* | |
H102 | 0.951224 | 0.048501 | 0.781249 | 0.075* | |
H103 | 0.933184 | 0.131365 | 0.657192 | 0.075* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Sn1 | 0.02904 (8) | 0.02763 (8) | 0.02706 (7) | −0.00218 (5) | −0.00572 (5) | −0.00324 (5) |
Cl1 | 0.0225 (2) | 0.0373 (3) | 0.0385 (3) | −0.00117 (19) | −0.0019 (2) | −0.0127 (2) |
Cl2 | 0.0330 (3) | 0.0419 (3) | 0.0428 (3) | −0.0057 (2) | −0.0084 (2) | −0.0019 (2) |
Cl3 | 0.0568 (4) | 0.0534 (4) | 0.0656 (5) | −0.0169 (3) | −0.0332 (4) | 0.0179 (3) |
Cl4 | 0.0361 (3) | 0.0256 (3) | 0.0687 (4) | −0.0010 (2) | −0.0004 (3) | 0.0026 (3) |
Cl5 | 0.0581 (5) | 0.0649 (5) | 0.0572 (5) | 0.0054 (4) | 0.0080 (4) | −0.0241 (4) |
Al1 | 0.0307 (3) | 0.0257 (3) | 0.0363 (4) | −0.0004 (3) | −0.0037 (3) | −0.0012 (3) |
C1 | 0.0403 (13) | 0.0347 (12) | 0.0313 (11) | 0.0071 (10) | −0.0066 (10) | −0.0016 (9) |
C2 | 0.0368 (12) | 0.0333 (11) | 0.0307 (11) | −0.0060 (9) | −0.0102 (9) | 0.0015 (9) |
C3 | 0.0265 (10) | 0.0389 (12) | 0.0241 (10) | −0.0032 (9) | −0.0045 (8) | 0.0007 (8) |
C4 | 0.0337 (12) | 0.0373 (12) | 0.0279 (10) | −0.0004 (9) | −0.0079 (9) | −0.0066 (9) |
C5 | 0.0300 (11) | 0.0446 (13) | 0.0318 (11) | −0.0072 (9) | −0.0103 (9) | −0.0030 (9) |
C6 | 0.0261 (11) | 0.0484 (14) | 0.0308 (11) | 0.0017 (9) | −0.0071 (9) | 0.0034 (9) |
C7 | 0.0281 (12) | 0.0562 (16) | 0.0408 (13) | −0.0037 (11) | −0.0039 (10) | 0.0051 (11) |
C8 | 0.0533 (17) | 0.0464 (15) | 0.0481 (16) | 0.0030 (12) | −0.0075 (13) | −0.0196 (12) |
C9 | 0.0485 (17) | 0.067 (2) | 0.065 (2) | −0.0225 (15) | −0.0179 (15) | −0.0148 (16) |
C10 | 0.0274 (12) | 0.0668 (19) | 0.0498 (16) | 0.0056 (12) | −0.0063 (11) | 0.0099 (13) |
Sn1—Cl1 | 2.6316 (6) | C2—H2 | 0.9400 |
Sn1—Cl1i | 2.6425 (6) | C3—C4 | 1.405 (3) |
Sn1—Cl2 | 3.0340 (7) | C3—C7 | 1.509 (3) |
Sn1—Cl3 | 3.2432 (8) | C4—C5 | 1.411 (3) |
Sn1—Cl4ii | 3.1722 (7) | C4—C8 | 1.506 (3) |
Sn1—C1 | 2.881 (2) | C5—C6 | 1.404 (4) |
Sn1—C2 | 2.915 (2) | C5—C9 | 1.513 (4) |
Sn1—C3 | 3.097 (2) | C6—C10 | 1.512 (3) |
Sn1—C4 | 3.216 (2) | C7—H71 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—C5 | 3.181 (2) | C7—H72 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—C6 | 3.028 (2) | C7—H73 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—Al1 | 3.8983 (8) | C8—H81 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—Sn1i | 4.0476 (4) | C8—H82 | 0.9700 |
Al1—Cl2 | 2.1715 (9) | C8—H83 | 0.9700 |
Al1—Cl3 | 2.1249 (11) | C9—H91 | 0.9700 |
Al1—Cl4 | 2.1294 (9) | C9—H92 | 0.9700 |
Al1—Cl5 | 2.1058 (10) | C9—H93 | 0.9700 |
C1—C2 | 1.386 (4) | C10—H101 | 0.9700 |
C1—C6 | 1.393 (4) | C10—H102 | 0.9700 |
C1—H1 | 0.9400 | C10—H103 | 0.9700 |
C2—C3 | 1.394 (3) | ||
Cl1—Sn1—Cl1i | 79.753 (18) | Al1—Cl4—Sn1ii | 116.50 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2 | 88.426 (19) | Cl5—Al1—Cl3 | 113.35 (5) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl3 | 145.46 (2) | Cl5—Al1—Cl4 | 110.64 (5) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl4ii | 73.398 (18) | Cl3—Al1—Cl4 | 108.81 (5) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl2 | 84.476 (19) | Cl5—Al1—Cl2 | 109.07 (5) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl3 | 74.86 (2) | Cl3—Al1—Cl2 | 106.38 (4) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl4ii | 147.90 (2) | Cl4—Al1—Cl2 | 108.40 (4) |
Cl2—Sn1—Cl3 | 66.360 (18) | C2—C1—C6 | 121.1 (2) |
Cl2—Sn1—Cl4ii | 77.616 (19) | C2—C1—H1 | 119.4 |
Cl3—Sn1—Cl4ii | 120.01 (2) | C6—C1—H1 | 119.4 |
Cl1—Sn1—C1 | 98.59 (6) | C1—C2—C3 | 121.0 (2) |
Cl1—Sn1—C2 | 80.90 (5) | C1—C2—H2 | 119.5 |
Cl1—Sn1—C3 | 89.06 (4) | C3—C2—H2 | 119.5 |
Cl1—Sn1—C4 | 113.59 (5) | C2—C3—C4 | 118.8 (2) |
Cl1—Sn1—C5 | 133.54 (5) | C2—C3—C7 | 118.7 (2) |
Cl1—Sn1—C6 | 125.60 (5) | C4—C3—C7 | 122.5 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C1 | 78.92 (5) | C3—C4—C5 | 120.1 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C2 | 96.51 (5) | C3—C4—C8 | 119.6 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C3 | 122.99 (5) | C5—C4—C8 | 120.4 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C4 | 131.87 (5) | C6—C5—C4 | 120.4 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C5 | 113.02 (5) | C6—C5—C9 | 119.9 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C6 | 87.77 (5) | C4—C5—C9 | 119.7 (2) |
Cl2—Sn1—C1 | 160.46 (5) | C1—C6—C5 | 118.6 (2) |
Cl2—Sn1—C2 | 168.90 (5) | C1—C6—C10 | 118.9 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C3 | 151.42 (5) | C5—C6—C10 | 122.5 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C4 | 138.73 (5) | C3—C7—H71 | 109.5 |
Cl2—Sn1—C5 | 135.45 (5) | C3—C7—H72 | 109.5 |
Cl2—Sn1—C6 | 143.03 (5) | H71—C7—H72 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C1 | 99.07 (6) | C3—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C2 | 124.60 (5) | H71—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C3 | 124.44 (4) | H72—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C4 | 100.80 (5) | C4—C8—H81 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C5 | 78.78 (5) | C4—C8—H82 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Sn1—C6 | 76.71 (5) | H81—C8—H82 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C1 | 121.84 (5) | C4—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C2 | 96.29 (5) | H81—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C3 | 74.39 (5) | H82—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C4 | 76.28 (5) | C5—C9—H91 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C5 | 98.30 (5) | C5—C9—H92 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C6 | 122.18 (5) | H91—C9—H92 | 109.5 |
Sn1—Cl1—Sn1i | 100.247 (18) | C5—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C1—H1 | 110.9 | H91—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C2—H2 | 111.8 | H92—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C3—C7 | 119.14 (16) | C6—C10—H101 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C4—C8 | 123.29 (18) | C6—C10—H102 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C5—C9 | 122.01 (19) | H101—C10—H102 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C6—C10 | 116.23 (17) | C6—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Al1—Cl2—Sn1 | 95.56 (3) | H101—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Al1—Cl3—Sn1 | 90.68 (3) | H102—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H103···Cl3 | 0.97 | 2.79 | 3.633 (3) | 146 |
C7—H71···Cl4ii | 0.97 | 2.80 | 3.622 (3) | 144 |
Symmetry code: (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
[Ga2Sn2Cl10(C10H14)2] | Z = 1 |
Mr = 999.78 | F(000) = 480 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.931 Mg m−3 |
a = 8.7572 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 9.1310 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 21911 reflections |
c = 11.2966 (5) Å | θ = 4.5–59.3° |
α = 85.424 (3)° | µ = 3.77 mm−1 |
β = 72.805 (3)° | T = 213 K |
γ = 86.886 (4)° | Needle, colourless |
V = 859.73 (7) Å3 | 0.61 × 0.13 × 0.03 mm |
Stoe IPDS 2 diffractometer | 4242 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ω scans | Rint = 0.048 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | θmax = 29.2°, θmin = 2.2° |
Tmin = 0.376, Tmax = 0.656 | h = −11→11 |
17522 measured reflections | k = −12→11 |
4638 independent reflections | l = −15→15 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.069 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0176P)2 + 0.9105P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.22 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4638 reflections | Δρmax = 0.71 e Å−3 |
158 parameters | Δρmin = −0.50 e Å−3 |
0 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Sn1 | 0.52200 (3) | 0.16597 (2) | 0.60194 (2) | 0.02838 (6) | |
Ga1 | 0.78103 (4) | 0.41311 (3) | 0.32615 (3) | 0.03202 (8) | |
Cl1 | 0.29875 (9) | 0.01494 (8) | 0.55911 (7) | 0.03389 (15) | |
Cl2 | 0.52418 (10) | 0.36331 (9) | 0.37434 (8) | 0.03987 (17) | |
Cl3 | 0.86231 (14) | 0.32600 (11) | 0.48157 (11) | 0.0565 (3) | |
Cl4 | 0.80145 (11) | 0.65004 (8) | 0.30948 (10) | 0.0477 (2) | |
Cl5 | 0.90567 (15) | 0.31991 (13) | 0.15424 (11) | 0.0646 (3) | |
C1 | 0.6226 (4) | −0.0506 (4) | 0.7670 (3) | 0.0372 (7) | |
H1 | 0.670505 | −0.133397 | 0.724495 | 0.045* | |
C2 | 0.4589 (4) | −0.0435 (3) | 0.8188 (3) | 0.0332 (6) | |
H2 | 0.397444 | −0.121308 | 0.810744 | 0.040* | |
C3 | 0.3829 (4) | 0.0773 (3) | 0.8831 (3) | 0.0301 (6) | |
C4 | 0.4772 (4) | 0.1935 (4) | 0.8922 (3) | 0.0331 (6) | |
C5 | 0.6443 (4) | 0.1853 (4) | 0.8391 (3) | 0.0345 (6) | |
C6 | 0.7182 (4) | 0.0618 (4) | 0.7763 (3) | 0.0358 (7) | |
C7 | 0.2046 (4) | 0.0785 (4) | 0.9400 (3) | 0.0431 (8) | |
H71 | 0.156274 | 0.160251 | 0.902162 | 0.065* | |
H72 | 0.179189 | 0.089092 | 1.028578 | 0.065* | |
H73 | 0.163275 | −0.012949 | 0.926109 | 0.065* | |
C8 | 0.3983 (5) | 0.3255 (4) | 0.9602 (4) | 0.0503 (9) | |
H81 | 0.426066 | 0.413765 | 0.905725 | 0.075* | |
H82 | 0.434745 | 0.332000 | 1.032732 | 0.075* | |
H83 | 0.283145 | 0.315915 | 0.986078 | 0.075* | |
C9 | 0.7449 (5) | 0.3105 (5) | 0.8505 (4) | 0.0570 (11) | |
H91 | 0.857192 | 0.285182 | 0.814368 | 0.085* | |
H92 | 0.725155 | 0.327596 | 0.937538 | 0.085* | |
H93 | 0.716585 | 0.398926 | 0.807067 | 0.085* | |
C10 | 0.8972 (4) | 0.0473 (5) | 0.7176 (4) | 0.0492 (9) | |
H101 | 0.923751 | −0.046929 | 0.681388 | 0.074* | |
H102 | 0.951087 | 0.053946 | 0.780598 | 0.074* | |
H103 | 0.931353 | 0.125718 | 0.653377 | 0.074* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Sn1 | 0.03005 (11) | 0.02753 (10) | 0.02689 (10) | −0.00228 (7) | −0.00647 (8) | −0.00417 (7) |
Ga1 | 0.03199 (18) | 0.02486 (15) | 0.03540 (18) | −0.00005 (13) | −0.00417 (14) | −0.00194 (13) |
Cl1 | 0.0231 (3) | 0.0373 (4) | 0.0388 (4) | −0.0013 (3) | −0.0023 (3) | −0.0140 (3) |
Cl2 | 0.0340 (4) | 0.0420 (4) | 0.0427 (4) | −0.0057 (3) | −0.0091 (3) | −0.0031 (3) |
Cl3 | 0.0597 (6) | 0.0533 (5) | 0.0652 (6) | −0.0163 (5) | −0.0344 (5) | 0.0165 (5) |
Cl4 | 0.0363 (4) | 0.0250 (3) | 0.0707 (6) | −0.0008 (3) | −0.0001 (4) | 0.0021 (3) |
Cl5 | 0.0596 (6) | 0.0660 (6) | 0.0553 (6) | 0.0052 (5) | 0.0073 (5) | −0.0248 (5) |
C1 | 0.0423 (18) | 0.0354 (16) | 0.0311 (15) | 0.0067 (14) | −0.0080 (14) | −0.0029 (12) |
C2 | 0.0396 (17) | 0.0321 (14) | 0.0291 (14) | −0.0074 (12) | −0.0116 (13) | 0.0016 (11) |
C3 | 0.0278 (14) | 0.0381 (15) | 0.0240 (13) | −0.0017 (12) | −0.0076 (11) | 0.0011 (11) |
C4 | 0.0346 (16) | 0.0394 (15) | 0.0254 (13) | 0.0001 (12) | −0.0081 (12) | −0.0072 (11) |
C5 | 0.0317 (15) | 0.0440 (17) | 0.0309 (14) | −0.0068 (13) | −0.0128 (13) | −0.0033 (12) |
C6 | 0.0279 (15) | 0.0471 (17) | 0.0307 (14) | 0.0038 (13) | −0.0076 (12) | 0.0016 (13) |
C7 | 0.0293 (16) | 0.058 (2) | 0.0371 (17) | −0.0052 (15) | −0.0031 (14) | 0.0044 (15) |
C8 | 0.052 (2) | 0.048 (2) | 0.050 (2) | 0.0029 (17) | −0.0109 (18) | −0.0217 (17) |
C9 | 0.047 (2) | 0.065 (3) | 0.064 (3) | −0.0206 (19) | −0.018 (2) | −0.013 (2) |
C10 | 0.0277 (17) | 0.066 (2) | 0.049 (2) | 0.0050 (16) | −0.0084 (15) | 0.0106 (18) |
Sn1—Cl1 | 2.6299 (8) | C2—H2 | 0.9400 |
Sn1—Cl1i | 2.6481 (7) | C3—C4 | 1.408 (4) |
Sn1—Cl2 | 3.0155 (9) | C3—C7 | 1.503 (4) |
Sn1—Cl3 | 3.2597 (11) | C4—C5 | 1.408 (5) |
Sn1—Cl4ii | 3.1499 (9) | C4—C8 | 1.505 (5) |
Sn1—C1 | 2.891 (3) | C5—C6 | 1.404 (5) |
Sn1—C2 | 2.921 (3) | C5—C9 | 1.517 (5) |
Sn1—C3 | 3.104 (3) | C6—C10 | 1.513 (5) |
Sn1—C4 | 3.214 (3) | C7—H71 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—C5 | 3.185 (3) | C7—H72 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—C6 | 3.043 (3) | C7—H73 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—Ga1 | 3.8987 (4) | C8—H81 | 0.9700 |
Sn1—Sn1i | 4.0503 (4) | C8—H82 | 0.9700 |
Ga1—Cl2 | 2.2159 (9) | C8—H83 | 0.9700 |
Ga1—Cl3 | 2.1625 (10) | C9—H91 | 0.9700 |
Ga1—Cl4 | 2.1691 (8) | C9—H92 | 0.9700 |
Ga1—Cl5 | 2.1439 (10) | C9—H93 | 0.9700 |
C1—C2 | 1.379 (5) | C10—H101 | 0.9700 |
C1—C6 | 1.388 (5) | C10—H102 | 0.9700 |
C1—H1 | 0.9400 | C10—H103 | 0.9700 |
C2—C3 | 1.395 (4) | ||
Cl1—Sn1—Cl1i | 79.76 (2) | Cl5—Ga1—Cl2 | 109.01 (4) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl2 | 88.37 (3) | Cl3—Ga1—Cl2 | 106.43 (4) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl2 | 84.56 (3) | Cl4—Ga1—Cl2 | 108.21 (4) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl4ii | 73.00 (2) | Sn1—Cl1—Sn1i | 100.24 (2) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl4ii | 147.47 (3) | Ga1—Cl2—Sn1 | 95.14 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—Cl3 | 146.02 (3) | Ga1—Cl3—Sn1 | 89.58 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—Cl3 | 74.35 (3) | Ga1—Cl4—Sn1ii | 115.87 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—Cl3 | 67.82 (2) | C2—C1—C6 | 121.5 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—Cl4ii | 77.33 (2) | C2—C1—H1 | 119.2 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—Cl3 | 121.37 (3) | C6—C1—H1 | 119.2 |
Cl1—Sn1—C1 | 98.21 (7) | C1—C2—C3 | 121.1 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C1 | 79.15 (7) | C1—C2—H2 | 119.5 |
Cl1—Sn1—C2 | 80.68 (7) | C3—C2—H2 | 119.5 |
Cl1i—Sn1—C2 | 96.61 (7) | C2—C3—C4 | 118.4 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—C3 | 88.88 (6) | C2—C3—C7 | 119.1 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C3 | 123.05 (6) | C4—C3—C7 | 122.5 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—C4 | 113.52 (6) | C3—C4—C5 | 120.1 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C4 | 131.84 (6) | C3—C4—C8 | 119.5 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—C5 | 133.20 (6) | C5—C4—C8 | 120.4 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C5 | 112.86 (6) | C6—C5—C4 | 120.4 (3) |
Cl1—Sn1—C6 | 125.01 (7) | C6—C5—C9 | 119.9 (3) |
Cl1i—Sn1—C6 | 87.73 (7) | C4—C5—C9 | 119.7 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C1 | 161.00 (7) | C1—C6—C5 | 118.4 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C2 | 168.57 (7) | C1—C6—C10 | 119.0 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C3 | 151.20 (6) | C5—C6—C10 | 122.6 (3) |
Cl2—Sn1—C4 | 138.75 (6) | C3—C7—H71 | 109.5 |
Cl2—Sn1—C5 | 135.87 (6) | C3—C7—H72 | 109.5 |
Cl2—Sn1—C6 | 143.69 (7) | H71—C7—H72 | 109.5 |
C1—Sn1—Cl3 | 98.11 (7) | C3—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
C2—Sn1—Cl3 | 123.48 (7) | H71—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
C3—Sn1—Cl3 | 123.69 (6) | H72—C7—H73 | 109.5 |
C4—Sn1—Cl3 | 100.17 (6) | C4—C8—H81 | 109.5 |
C5—Sn1—Cl3 | 78.09 (6) | C4—C8—H82 | 109.5 |
C6—Sn1—Cl3 | 75.93 (7) | H81—C8—H82 | 109.5 |
C1—Sn1—Cl4ii | 121.62 (7) | C4—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
C2—Sn1—Cl4ii | 96.19 (7) | H81—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
C3—Sn1—Cl4ii | 74.45 (6) | H82—C8—H83 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C4 | 76.64 (6) | C5—C9—H91 | 109.5 |
Cl4ii—Sn1—C5 | 98.82 (7) | C5—C9—H92 | 109.5 |
C6—Sn1—Cl4ii | 122.46 (6) | H91—C9—H92 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C1—H1 | 110.6 | C5—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C2—H2 | 111.6 | H91—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C3—C7 | 119.1 (2) | H92—C9—H93 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C4—C8 | 123.0 (2) | C6—C10—H101 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C5—C9 | 121.9 (2) | C6—C10—H102 | 109.5 |
Sn1—C6—C10 | 116.1 (2) | H101—C10—H102 | 109.5 |
Cl5—Ga1—Cl3 | 113.84 (5) | C6—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Cl5—Ga1—Cl4 | 110.73 (5) | H101—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Cl3—Ga1—Cl4 | 108.39 (4) | H102—C10—H103 | 109.5 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C10—H103···Cl3 | 0.97 | 2.74 | 3.605 (4) | 149 |
C7—H71···Cl4ii | 0.97 | 2.78 | 3.612 (4) | 144 |
Symmetry code: (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
C≐C bond lengths were calculated on the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory using the GAUSSIAN09 program package (Frisch et al., 2009). Cntarene = arene centre; Lsqplarene = arene plane. |
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||
Sn1—C1 | 2.881 (2) | 2.891 (3) | Sn1—Cl1 | 2.6316 (6) | 2.6299 (8) | |
Sn1—C2 | 2.915 (2) | 2.921 (3) | Sn1—Cl1i | 2.6425 (6) | 2.6481 (7) | |
Sn1—C3 | 3.097 (2) | 3.104 (3) | Sn1—Cl2 | 3.0340 (7) | 3.0155 (9) | |
Sn1—C4 | 3.216 (2) | 3.214 (3) | Sn1—Cl3 | 3.2432 (8) | 3.2597 (11) | |
Sn1—C5 | 3.181 (2) | 3.185 (3) | Sn1—Cl4ii | 3.1722 (7) | 3.1499 (9) | |
Sn1—C6 | 3.028 (2) | 3.043 (3) | ||||
1 | 2 | calculated | 1 | 2 | ||
C1—C2 | 1.386 (4) | 1.379 (5) | 1.3888 | d(Sn—Cntarene) | 2.716 (2) | 2.725 (3) |
C2—C3 | 1.394 (3) | 1.396 (4) | 1.3957 | d(Sn—Lsqplarene) | 2.6898 (11) | 2.6997 (14) |
C3—C4 | 1.405 (3) | 1.408 (4) | 1.4082 | Ring slippage | 0.37 | 0.37 |
C4—C5 | 1.411 (3) | 1.408 (5) | 1.4112 | |||
C5—C6 | 1.404 (4) | 1.404 (5) | 1.4082 | Σs(Sn—Cl) | 1.62 | 1.63 |
C6—C1 | 1.393 (4) | 1.388 (5) | 1.3957 | s(Sn—arene) | 0.38 | 0.37 |
Symmetry codes: (i) 1 - x, -y, 1 - z; (ii) 1 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z. |
Acknowledgements
We thank E. Hammes and P. Roloff for technical support.
References
Becke, A. D. (1993). J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5648–5652. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Beckmann, J., Duthie, A. & Wiecko, M. (2012). Main Group Met. Chem. 35, 179–182. CAS Google Scholar
Birchall, T. & Johnson, J. P. (1981). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 69–73. CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Blessing, R. H. (1995). Acta Cryst. A51, 33–38. CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Brandenburg, K. (2018). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany. Google Scholar
Brown, I. D. (2009). Chem. Rev. 109, 6858–6919. Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Frank, W. (1990a). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 585, 121–141. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Frank, W. (1990b). Chem. Ber. 123, 1233–1237. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Frank, W. (1990c). J. Organomet. Chem. 386, 177–186. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Frank, W., Korrell, G. & Reiss, G. J. (1996). J. Organomet. Chem. 506, 293–300. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Frank, W., Weber, J. & Fuchs, E. (1987). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 26, 74–75. CSD CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Frisch, M. J., et al. (2009). GAUSSIAN09 Revision D.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford, CT, USA. Google Scholar
Groom, C. R., Bruno, I. J., Lightfoot, M. P. & Ward, S. C. (2016). Acta Cryst. B72, 171–179. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Hulme, R. & Szymanski, J. T. (1969). Acta Cryst. B25, 753–761. CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, P. E. (1881). C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 93, 294–297. Google Scholar
Lefferts, J. L., Hossain, M. B., Molloy, K. C., van der Helm, D. & Zuckerman, J. J. (1980). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 19, 309–310. CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Lüth, H. & Amma, E. L. (1969). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 91, 7515–7516. Google Scholar
Menshutkin, B. N. (1911). J. Russ. Phys. Chem. Soc. 43, 1275–1302. [(1912). Chem. Zentralblatt 83, 408–409]. Google Scholar
Probst, T., Steigelmann, O., Riede, J. & Schmidbaur, H. (1990). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29, 1397–1398. CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Prömper, S. W. & Frank, W. (2017). Acta Cryst. E73, 1426–1429. CrossRef ICSD IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Rodesiler, P. F., Amma, E. L. & Auel, T. (1975). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 7405–7410. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schäfer, A., Winter, F., Saak, W., Haase, D., Pöttgen, R. & Müller, T. (2011). Chem. Eur. J. 17, 10979–10984. PubMed Google Scholar
Schleep, M., Hettich, C., Velázquez Rojas, J., Kratzert, D., Ludwig, T., Lieberth, K. & Krossing, I. (2017b). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 2880–2884. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schleep, M., Ludwig, T., Hettich, C., Leone, S. & Krossing, I. (2017a). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 643, 1374–1378. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schloots, S. & Frank, W. (2016). Z. Krist. Suppl. 36, 88–88. Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Nowak, R., Bublak, W., Burkert, P., Huber, B. & Müller, G. (1987). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 42, 553–556. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Probst, T., Huber, B., Müller, G. & Krüger, C. (1989a). J. Organomet. Chem. 365, 53–60. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Probst, T., Huber, B., Steigelmann, O. & Müller, G. (1989b). Organometallics, 8, 1567–1569. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Probst, T., Steigelmann, O. & Müller, G. (1990). Heteroat. Chem. 1, 161–165. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Probst, T. & Steigelmann, O. (1991). Organometallics, 10, 3176–3179. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Probst, T., Steigelmann, O. & Müller, G. (1989c). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 44, 1175–1178. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H. & Schier, A. (2008). Organometallics, 27, 2361–2395. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Schmidbaur, H., Thewalt, U. & Zafiropoulos, T. (1983). Organometallics, 2, 1550–1554. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Smith, W. (1879). J. Chem. Soc. Trans. 35, 309–311. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Smith, W. & Davis, G. W. (1882). J. Chem. Soc. Trans. 41, 411–412. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Stoe & Cie (2009). IPDS Software. Stoe & Cie GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany. Google Scholar
Turner, M. J., Mc Kinnon, J. J., Wolff, S. K., Grimwood, D. J., Spackman, P. R., Jayatilaka, D. & Spackman, M. A. (2017). CrystalExplorer17. The University of Western Australia, Perth. Google Scholar
Uson-Finkenzeller, M., Bublak, W., Huber, B., Müller, G. & Schmidbaur, H. (1986). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 41, 346–350. Google Scholar
Weininger, M. S., Rodesiler, P. F. & Amma, E. L. (1979). Inorg. Chem. 18, 751–755. CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Westrip, S. P. (2010). J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 920–925. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.