(μ-Di-tert-butyl­silanediolato)bis­[bis­(η5-cyclo­penta­dien­yl)methyl­zirconium]

Berg, D.J.; Gajecki, L.; Hill, H.; Twamley, B.

doi:10.1107/S2056989019014762

research communications

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS

ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 75| Part 12| December 2019| Pages 1848-1852

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019014762

Open

access

(μ-Di-tert-butylsilanediolato)bis[bis(η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium]

David J. Berg,^a ^* Leah Gajecki,^a Hunter Hill ^a and Brendan Twamley ^b

^aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Victoria, PO Box 1700 Stn CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada, and ^bSchool of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
^*Correspondence e-mail: djberg@uvic.ca

Edited by W. T. A. Harrison, University of Aberdeen, Scotland (Received 4 September 2019; accepted 31 October 2019; online 8 November 2019)

The reaction of t-Bu₂Si(OH)₂ with two equivalents of Cp₂Zr(CH₃)₂ produces the title t-Bu₂SiO₂-siloxide bridged dimer, [Zr₂(CH₃)₂(C₅H₅)₄(C₈H₁₈O₂Si)] or [Cp₂Zr(CH₃)]2[μ-t-Bu₂SiO₂] (1), where one methyl group is retained per zirconium atom. The same product is obtained at room temperature even when equimolar ratios of the silanediol and Cp₂Zr(CH₃)₂ are used. Attempts to thermally eliminate methane and produce a bridging methylene complex resulted in decomposition. The crystal structure of 1 displays typical Zr—CH₃ and Zr—O distances but the Si—O distance [1.628 (2) Å] and O—Si—O angle [110.86 (15)°] are among the largest observed in this family of compounds suggesting steric crowding between the t-Bu substituents of the silicon atom and the cyclopentadienyl groups. The silicon atom lies on a crystallographic twofold axis and both Cp rings are disordered over two orientations of equal occupancy.

Keywords: crystal structure; siloxide; zirconium; metallocene; organometallic.

CCDC references: 1962802; 1962802

1. Chemical context

Zirconocene siloxides have been investigated for their ability to bond reactive metal centers to solid glass supports (Samuel et al., 1994 ) and as potential precursors to novel inorganic polymers by cyclic siloxane ring-opening polymerization (Thieme et al., 2002 ). In both of these examples, two diorganosilicon dioxide (μ-R₂SiO₂²⁻) ligands span two zirconocene units in a cyclic dimer. In contrast, the structure of the title compound 1, shows only one bridging di-tert-butylsilicon dioxide ligand and each zirconocene unit retains one reactive methyl group. The same product is obtained regardless of whether one or two equivalents of Cp₂Zr(CH₃)₂ are used per equivalent of silanediol at room temperature. At higher temperatures, the NMR of the reaction mixture becomes more complicated but we were unable to cleanly obtain the cyclic equivalent of the compounds mentioned above, [Cp₂Zr]₂[μ-t-Bu₂SiO₂]₂. This compound could potentially serve as an olefin polymerization pre-catalyst by methyl abstraction with [Ph₃C]⁺[B(C₆F₅)₄]⁻ or similar activators (see for e.g., Babushkin et al., 2014 ). Initial attempts to thermally eliminate methane and form a bridging methylene complex, [Cp₂Zr]₂[μ-t-Bu₂SiO₂][μ-CH₂], led to decomposition.

2. Structural commentary

The molecular structure of 1 is shown in Fig. 1 and a packing diagram is given in Fig. 2. The cyclopentadienyl groups on Zr1 are both disordered and were modelled over two positions with 50% occupancy each. The diagrams in Figs. 1 and 2 show only one of the two disordered cyclopentadienyl positions.

Figure 1
The molecular structure of 1 with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level; hydrogen atoms omitted for clarity.

Figure 2
Packing diagram for one disorder partner of 1, viewed down the c axis.

The Zr1—CH₃ (C11) distance in 1 of 2.307 (3) Å is typical of other zirconocene methyl complexes (range: 2.24–2.39 Å, median: 2.29 Å). The Zr1—O1 and O1—Si1 distances of 1.960 (2) and 1.628 (2) Å, respectively, are typical of other zirconocene siloxides, although the latter distance is at the long end of the observed range (Zr—O range: 1.94–2.01 Å, median: 1.98 Å; Si—O range: 1.56–1.65 Å, median: 1.61 Å). The O1—Si1—O1(1 − x, −y, z) angle is 110.86 (15)°, which is the widest yet observed in an R₂SiO₂ bridged transition metal dimer (range: 103.7—110.2°). The wider O—Si—O angle and longer Si—O bond likely reflect increased steric crowding between the t-butyl substituents on Si and the Cp rings on Zr. Other key geometrical data are listed in Table 1.

Table 1
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °)

Zr1—Cp1	2.196	Zr1—Cp2	2.202
Zr1—Cp1′	2.258	Zr1—Cp2′	2.233

O1—Zr1—C11	98.83 (11)	C11—Zr1—Cp1′	96.81
O1—Zr1—Cp1	108.60	C11—Zr1—Cp2	98.16
O1—Zr1—Cp1′	109.30	C11—Zr1—Cp2′	106.27
O1—Zr1—Cp2	107.31	Cp1—Zr1—Cp2	130.26
O1—Zr1—Cp2′	110.27	Cp1′—Zr1—Cp2′	129.80
C11—Zr1—Cp1	109.36

3. Supramolecular features

Assuming that they are not artifacts of disorder, there are some short intermolecular π–π contacts between the Cp rings [shortest centroid–centroid separation = 3.862 (8) Å]. Otherwise, there are no exceptional features in the packing of 1.

4. Database survey

There are 60 structures in the CSD (November 2018 version; Groom et al., 2016 ) containing zirconocene units bonded to an anionic oxygen atom and a methyl group, Cp₂Zr(CH₃)(OX), that were used to compare the Zr—CH₃ distance in 1. Many of these structures contain a bridging oxo (O²⁻) group bridged to another metal, which is obviously quite different than the siloxide in 1. A smaller subset of this group (19 structures) contain simple alkoxides as the anionic oxygen unit [i.e. Cp₂Zr(CH₃)(OR)]. If the comparison is restricted to just the latter structures, the Zr—C bond length range is somewhat narrower from 2.26–2.33 Å with a median of 2.29 Å (Bestgen et al., 2016 ; Black et al., 2008 ; Breen & Stephan, 1996 ; Chapman et al., 2012 ; Frömel et al., 2013 ; Gambarotta et al., 1985 ; Jian et al., 2018 ; Koch et al., 2000 ; Mariott & Chen, 2005 ; Matchett et al., 1988 ; Normand et al., 2016 ; Stuhldreier et al., 2000 ). There are 15 structures containing siloxide ligands bonded to a zirconocene unit in a pseudo-tetrahedral environment used to compare Zr—O and O—Si distances in 1. Of those structures, there are nine that contain simple siloxides that are not part of a polysiloxane cluster or a chelate ring system; using those structures for comparison results in no substantial change in the range or median Si—O or Zr—O bond lengths (Abrahams et al., 1996 ; Burlakov et al., 2006 ; Enders et al., 2001 ; Hofmann et al., 2002 ; Richers et al., 2017 ; Samuel et al., 1994; Thieme et al., 2002; Zhang et al., 2009 ). In addition, there are 14 structures containing the O₂Si—t-Bu₂ unit bridging two transition metals that were used for comparison to the O—Si—O angles in 1. These structures include Ti (six structures: Haoudi-Mazzah et al., 1991 ; Liu, Schmidt et al., 1992 ; Liu, Roesky et al., 1992 ; Liu et al., 1995 ), Zr (Haoudi-Mazzah et al., 1991), Hf (Liu et al., 1996 ), V (Gosink et al., 1993 ), Nb (Gosink et al., 1994 ), Mo (Gosink et al., 1993), W (Gosink et al., 1994), Re (two structures: Roesky, Mazzah, et al., 1991 ; Roesky, Hesse et al., 1991 ).

Crystal structures with Cp₂Zr—CH₃ units for Zr—C distance comparisons:

AQESIZ (Mukherjee et al., 2011 ); AXIBOA (Boulho et al.2016 ); BESGOW (Bolig & Chen, 2004 ); BODMIR (Helmstedt et al., 2008 ); BUHVAD (Xu et al., 2015 ); BUYSOD10 (Longato et al., 1985 ); CADRUU (Hunter et al., 1983 ); COHTEY (Waymouth et al., 1984 ); COPRII (Ho et al., 1984 ); DAGKAX and DAGKIF (Gambarotta et al., 1985); DITHAP (Martin et al., 1985 ); EHEFUT (Neu et al., 2011 ); EKEVEX, EKEVIB, EKEVOH, EKEVUN, EKEWAU and EKEWEY (Normand et al., 2016); ESISAA (Zuccaccia et al., 2004 ); GIPYUZ (Matchett et al., 1988); HEMCOR (Askham et al., 1994 ); HIKHUF and HIKJAN (Gurubasavaraj et al., 2007 ); HUVLAL (Fujdala et al., 2003 ); IGUDOD (Hüerländer et al., 2002 ); JITVAK and JITVEO (Mandal et al., 2007 ); JUGCIZ (Boulho et al., 2015 ); KEXYER (Erker et al., 1990 ); KODQAV (Koch et al., 2000); KUPQAP (Mariott & Chen, 2005); LEDBEB (Askham et al., 1993 ); LEPXAH (Mukherjee et al., 2013 ); MOJHEZ (Black et al., 2008); NAHYOL (Bai et al., 2005 ); NAPXUY (Pineda et al., 2005 ); NIMNOM (Johnson et al., 1997 ); ODOBIU, ODOBOA and ODOBUG (Frömel et al., 2013); OKUFUX (Bestgen et al., 2016); OZUCAO (Kelsen et al., 2011 ); PEDFUA (Singh et al., 2006 ); QIZCEI (Yang, Gurubasavaraj et al., 2008 ); REDTUQ (Cummings et al., 2006 ); TIWKUG (Yang, Schulz et al., 2008 ); TOWMUN (Breen & Stephan, 1996); VIBSOO (Waymouth et al., 1990 ); WAJLOJ (Ruck & Bergman, 2004 ); WATSOB, WATSUH and WATTAO (Chapman et al., 2012); WAYMER (Liu et al., (2017 ); WETJEL (Helmstedt et al., 2006 ); WEWRUO (Jian et al., 2018); WEXWED (Nekoueishahraki et al., 2009 ); WUPVUA (Gurubasavaraj (2015 ); XESDEE Stuhldreier et al., 2000); YIMKAG (Ciruelo et al., 1995 ).

Crystal structures with Cp₂Zr–O–Si units for Zr—O and O—Si distance comparisons:

EXUBII (Garrison et al., 2004 ); HECZEU (Samuel et al., 1994); JANYEF (Richers et al., 2017); LEJSEZ (Burlakov et al., 2006); QAMLEW (Wada et al., 2004 ); REWKIN (Abrahams et al., 1996); ROCWIP (Enders et al., 2001); TUDQEP (Zhang et al., 2009); UGINIH and UGINON; UMOWUO (Lacroix et al., 2003 ); VAQMEH (Varga et al., 2012 ); WUSWAI and WUSWEM (Thieme et al., 2002); XIXDIR (Skowronska-Ptasinska et al., 2001 ).

Crystal structures with M–O–Si(t-Bu)₂–O–M units for O—Si—O angle comparisons:

HETRED and HETRON (Gosink et al., 1994); JIYBEY (Roesky, Hesse et al., 1991); KIPGUL (Roesky, Mazzah et al., 1991); NADDAX (Liu et al., 1996); PAHZED (Liu, Schmidt et al., 1992); TAJYOS, TAJYUY and TAJZAF (Haoudi-Mazzah et al., 1991); VUMNUM (Liu, Roesky et al., 1992); WAGVIJ and WAGVOP (Gosink et al., 1993); ZEKKAB and ZEKKEF (Liu et al., 1995).

5. Synthesis and crystallization

General. All solvents were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemicals and dried by distillation from sodium under nitrogen. Cp₂Zr(CH₃)₂ was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Chemicals and used as received. Di-t-butylsilanediol was prepared by the oxidation of t-Bu₂Si(H)Cl (Sigma–Aldrich) with aqueous KMnO₄ following the procedure of Lickiss & Lucas (1996 ). NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVIII 300 MHz Spectrometer in sealable Teflon-valved tube and were referenced to residual solvent resonances. Elemental analyses were performed by Canadian Microanalytical Ltd.

Synthesis. The title compound was prepared (Fig. 3) by adding a toluene solution (5 ml) of di-t-butylsilanediol (0.080 g, 0.45 mmol) to a stirred solution of dimethylzirconocene, Cp₂Zr(CH₃)₂ (0.228 g, 0.907 mmol), in toluene (5 ml) in a 50 ml Erlenmyer flask in an inert atmosphere glovebox. After stirring overnight, the solution was concentrated under vacuum, layered with hexane and stored in a 243 K freezer. Large, colourless crystals of 1 deposited within a few days. Yield: 0.196 g (67%). ¹H NMR (C₆D₆, 300 MHz): δ 5.905 (s, 20H, CpH), 1.091 [s, 18H, C(CH₃)₃], 0.465 (s, 6H, CH₃); ¹³C{¹H} NMR (C₆D₆, 125 MHz): δ 111.32 (CpC), 28.92 (C(CH₃)₃), 22.63 (CH₃); C(CH₃)₃ not observed. Analysis calculated for C₃₀H₄₄O₂SiZr₂ (%): C, 55.68; H, 6.85. Found: C, 55.33; H, 6.71.

Figure 3
Reaction scheme.

6. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2. Both Cp rings were found to be disordered and modelled over two sets of sites with 50% occupancy with restraints (SIMU cards). H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined as riding, with C—H = 0.95–0.98 Å and U_iso(H = 1.2U_eq(C) or 1.5U_eq(C-methyl).

Table 2
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	[Zr₂(CH₃)₂(C₅H₅)₄(C₈H₁₈O₂Si)]
M_r	647.18
Crystal system, space group	Orthorhombic, Fdd2
Temperature (K)	83
a, b, c (Å)	21.673 (4), 28.296 (6), 9.7466 (19)
V (Å³)	5977 (2)
Z	8
Radiation type	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.76
Crystal size (mm)	0.35 × 0.27 × 0.17

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker P4
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2002 )
T_min, T_max	0.777, 0.882
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	18986, 4237, 4172
R_int	0.025
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.705

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.024, 0.055, 1.12
No. of reflections	4237
No. of parameters	253
No. of restraints	319
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.52, −0.53
Absolute structure	Flack x determined using 1892 quotients [(I⁺)−(I⁻)]/[(I⁺)+(I⁻)] (Parsons et al., 2013 )
Absolute structure parameter	−0.001 (16)
Computer programs: SMART and SAINT (Bruker, 2002), SHELXS (Sheldrick, 2008 ), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015 ) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ).

Supporting information

CCDC references: 1962802; 1962802

Crystal structure: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019014762/hb4319sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019014762/hb4319Isup2.hkl

CSD refcodes and references for structures used for comparisons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989019014762/hb4319sup3.docx

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2002); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).

(µ-Di-tert-butylsilanediolato)bis[bis(η⁵-cyclopentadienyl)methylzirconium] top

Crystal data top

[Zr₂(CH₃)₂(C₅H₅)₄(C₈H₁₈O₂Si)]	D_x = 1.438 Mg m⁻³
M_r = 647.18	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, Fdd2	Cell parameters from 5368 reflections
a = 21.673 (4) Å	θ = 2.4–29.7°
b = 28.296 (6) Å	µ = 0.76 mm⁻¹
c = 9.7466 (19) Å	T = 83 K
V = 5977 (2) Å³	Pyramidal, colorless
Z = 8	0.35 × 0.27 × 0.17 mm
F(000) = 2672

Data collection top

Bruker P4 diffractometer	4237 independent reflections
Parallel,graphite monochromator	4172 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 8.3 pixels mm^-1	R_int = 0.025
ω scans	θ_max = 30.1°, θ_min = 2.4°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2002)	h = −29→29
T_min = 0.777, T_max = 0.882	k = −39→39
18986 measured reflections	l = −13→13

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: full	H-atom parameters constrained
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.024	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.022P)² + 9.9744P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
wR(F²) = 0.055	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
S = 1.12	Δρ_max = 0.52 e Å⁻³
4237 reflections	Δρ_min = −0.53 e Å⁻³
253 parameters	Absolute structure: Flack x determined using 1892 quotients [(I⁺)-(I^-)]/[(I⁺)+(I^-)] (Parsons et al., 2013)
319 restraints	Absolute structure parameter: −0.001 (16)
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods

Special details top

Experimental. The data collection nominally covered a full sphere of reciprocal space by a combination of 5 sets of ω scans each set at different φ and/or 2θ angles and each scan (5 s exposure) covering -0.300° degrees in ω. The crystal to detector distance was 5.035 cm.

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Each Cp was disordered and modelled over two positions with 50% occupancy with restraints (SIMU).

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq	Occ. (<1)
C1	0.4149 (3)	0.1012 (2)	0.1240 (7)	0.0231 (10)	0.5
H1	0.429216	0.120919	0.051940	0.028*	0.5
C2	0.4512 (10)	0.0654 (5)	0.197 (2)	0.0246 (15)	0.5
H2	0.493233	0.057360	0.181473	0.030*	0.5
C3	0.4115 (4)	0.0457 (2)	0.2919 (7)	0.0264 (10)	0.5
H3	0.422729	0.021677	0.355079	0.032*	0.5
C4	0.3518 (6)	0.0661 (3)	0.2832 (11)	0.0264 (14)	0.5
H4	0.316544	0.057877	0.336223	0.032*	0.5
C5	0.3553 (3)	0.1011 (2)	0.1793 (7)	0.0266 (10)	0.5
H5	0.322527	0.121326	0.151809	0.032*	0.5
C6	0.3122 (7)	0.0244 (3)	−0.1688 (15)	0.0269 (16)	0.5
H6	0.334822	0.029135	−0.251210	0.032*	0.5
C7	0.2998 (5)	−0.0191 (3)	−0.1095 (13)	0.0272 (15)	0.5
H7	0.313560	−0.048819	−0.142771	0.033*	0.5
C8	0.2638 (4)	−0.0119 (3)	0.0073 (12)	0.0260 (15)	0.5
H8	0.247994	−0.036139	0.064640	0.031*	0.5
C9	0.2547 (5)	0.0358 (3)	0.0267 (13)	0.0300 (16)	0.5
H9	0.232528	0.050052	0.099854	0.036*	0.5
C10	0.2859 (5)	0.0607 (4)	−0.0871 (12)	0.0306 (15)	0.5
H10	0.287840	0.093848	−0.102312	0.037*	0.5
C1'	0.3957 (4)	0.0989 (2)	0.1826 (8)	0.0294 (10)	0.5
H1'	0.389903	0.126670	0.129223	0.035*	0.5
C2'	0.4486 (9)	0.0729 (4)	0.191 (2)	0.0235 (15)	0.5
H2'	0.486339	0.080007	0.145464	0.028*	0.5
C3'	0.4379 (3)	0.0332 (2)	0.2784 (6)	0.0253 (11)	0.5
H3'	0.466623	0.009067	0.300743	0.030*	0.5
C4'	0.3769 (3)	0.0368 (2)	0.3251 (7)	0.0281 (10)	0.5
H4'	0.356658	0.015415	0.385330	0.034*	0.5
C5'	0.3514 (6)	0.0774 (3)	0.2672 (13)	0.0280 (15)	0.5
H5'	0.310669	0.088612	0.282472	0.034*	0.5
C6'	0.3136 (7)	0.0370 (4)	−0.1603 (15)	0.0280 (17)	0.5
H6'	0.337190	0.041941	−0.241098	0.034*	0.5
C7'	0.2922 (5)	−0.0066 (4)	−0.1119 (15)	0.0302 (15)	0.5
H7'	0.299610	−0.036621	−0.152015	0.036*	0.5
C8'	0.2570 (5)	0.0027 (4)	0.0094 (12)	0.0303 (16)	0.5
H8'	0.236792	−0.019994	0.065327	0.036*	0.5
C9'	0.2582 (5)	0.0507 (3)	0.0295 (14)	0.0315 (16)	0.5
H9'	0.237352	0.067093	0.100873	0.038*	0.5
C10'	0.2943 (5)	0.0715 (4)	−0.0698 (13)	0.0331 (17)	0.5
H10'	0.304285	0.104167	−0.075173	0.040*	0.5
C11	0.36287 (17)	−0.04990 (13)	0.1677 (4)	0.0385 (8)
H11A	0.351416	−0.073878	0.099754	0.058*
H11B	0.331532	−0.048788	0.240107	0.058*
H11C	0.402937	−0.057999	0.207962	0.058*
C12	0.51765 (14)	0.05586 (10)	−0.2559 (3)	0.0239 (6)
C13	0.54483 (15)	0.09254 (10)	−0.1573 (3)	0.0289 (6)
H13A	0.581961	0.079605	−0.113902	0.043*
H13B	0.514340	0.100272	−0.086530	0.043*
H13C	0.555584	0.121209	−0.208403	0.043*
C14	0.56515 (18)	0.04516 (12)	−0.3690 (3)	0.0364 (8)
H14A	0.578096	0.074766	−0.412501	0.055*
H14B	0.546486	0.024413	−0.437995	0.055*
H14C	0.601131	0.029476	−0.328548	0.055*
C15	0.46013 (17)	0.07800 (10)	−0.3227 (3)	0.0304 (7)
H15A	0.430632	0.087027	−0.251124	0.046*
H15B	0.440912	0.054981	−0.384471	0.046*
H15C	0.472226	0.106096	−0.374981	0.046*
O1	0.43966 (9)	0.01044 (7)	−0.0586 (2)	0.0188 (4)
Si1	0.500000	0.000000	−0.15337 (9)	0.01599 (18)
Zr1	0.36931 (2)	0.02294 (2)	0.06245 (3)	0.01769 (7)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
C1	0.027 (2)	0.019 (2)	0.024 (2)	−0.0031 (19)	0.004 (2)	−0.0088 (19)
C2	0.026 (2)	0.025 (3)	0.022 (2)	−0.001 (3)	−0.005 (2)	−0.006 (3)
C3	0.033 (2)	0.028 (2)	0.019 (2)	−0.003 (2)	−0.004 (2)	−0.0031 (18)
C4	0.031 (2)	0.027 (3)	0.021 (3)	−0.007 (3)	0.006 (2)	−0.006 (3)
C5	0.028 (2)	0.023 (2)	0.029 (2)	0.000 (2)	0.002 (2)	−0.0147 (19)
C6	0.023 (2)	0.032 (4)	0.025 (2)	0.004 (3)	−0.010 (2)	−0.001 (3)
C7	0.021 (3)	0.031 (4)	0.029 (2)	0.001 (2)	−0.011 (2)	−0.004 (3)
C8	0.016 (2)	0.027 (4)	0.034 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.004 (2)	−0.005 (3)
C9	0.016 (2)	0.036 (4)	0.037 (2)	0.003 (3)	−0.0038 (19)	−0.003 (3)
C10	0.022 (3)	0.035 (4)	0.035 (3)	0.003 (2)	−0.013 (2)	−0.002 (3)
C1'	0.036 (2)	0.022 (2)	0.030 (2)	−0.005 (2)	−0.001 (2)	−0.005 (2)
C2'	0.028 (3)	0.021 (3)	0.021 (2)	−0.009 (3)	0.001 (2)	−0.005 (3)
C3'	0.027 (2)	0.029 (2)	0.020 (2)	0.002 (2)	−0.005 (2)	−0.006 (2)
C4'	0.031 (2)	0.032 (2)	0.022 (2)	−0.007 (2)	0.005 (2)	−0.004 (2)
C5'	0.031 (2)	0.025 (3)	0.028 (3)	0.003 (3)	0.003 (2)	−0.008 (2)
C6'	0.021 (2)	0.036 (4)	0.027 (3)	0.000 (3)	−0.010 (2)	0.006 (3)
C7'	0.021 (2)	0.036 (4)	0.033 (2)	0.001 (3)	−0.011 (2)	−0.001 (3)
C8'	0.019 (2)	0.038 (4)	0.035 (2)	−0.002 (3)	−0.005 (2)	0.003 (3)
C9'	0.018 (2)	0.037 (4)	0.039 (3)	0.005 (3)	−0.004 (2)	0.000 (3)
C10'	0.023 (3)	0.037 (4)	0.040 (3)	0.008 (3)	−0.012 (2)	0.003 (3)
C11	0.0400 (19)	0.0380 (18)	0.0376 (19)	0.0013 (14)	0.0140 (15)	0.0159 (15)
C12	0.0353 (15)	0.0190 (12)	0.0175 (12)	0.0011 (11)	0.0031 (11)	0.0039 (10)
C13	0.0398 (16)	0.0215 (12)	0.0256 (15)	−0.0065 (11)	−0.0006 (12)	0.0056 (11)
C14	0.053 (2)	0.0285 (15)	0.0278 (16)	0.0030 (15)	0.0166 (15)	0.0103 (12)
C15	0.0468 (19)	0.0221 (13)	0.0224 (14)	0.0047 (13)	−0.0058 (13)	0.0029 (11)
O1	0.0199 (9)	0.0173 (8)	0.0193 (9)	0.0003 (7)	−0.0017 (7)	0.0000 (7)
Si1	0.0220 (4)	0.0152 (4)	0.0108 (4)	0.0005 (3)	0.000	0.000
Zr1	0.01532 (10)	0.01792 (10)	0.01984 (11)	0.00056 (9)	−0.00167 (9)	−0.00222 (9)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

C1—H1	0.9500	C4'—Zr1	2.595 (7)
C1—C2	1.465 (16)	C5'—H5'	0.9500
C1—C5	1.399 (9)	C5'—Zr1	2.550 (12)
C1—Zr1	2.497 (6)	C6'—H6'	0.9500
C2—H2	0.9500	C6'—C7'	1.398 (13)
C2—C3	1.38 (2)	C6'—C10'	1.381 (14)
C2—Zr1	2.51 (2)	C6'—Zr1	2.516 (14)
C3—H3	0.9500	C7'—H7'	0.9500
C3—C4	1.419 (15)	C7'—C8'	1.431 (15)
C3—Zr1	2.500 (6)	C7'—Zr1	2.525 (13)
C4—H4	0.9500	C8'—H8'	0.9500
C4—C5	1.420 (11)	C8'—C9'	1.373 (11)
C4—Zr1	2.503 (11)	C8'—Zr1	2.552 (11)
C5—H5	0.9500	C9'—H9'	0.9500
C5—Zr1	2.507 (6)	C9'—C10'	1.376 (15)
C6—H6	0.9500	C9'—Zr1	2.553 (11)
C6—C7	1.385 (13)	C10'—H10'	0.9500
C6—C10	1.421 (13)	C10'—Zr1	2.489 (12)
C6—Zr1	2.572 (14)	C11—H11A	0.9800
C7—H7	0.9500	C11—H11B	0.9800
C7—C8	1.395 (14)	C11—H11C	0.9800
C7—Zr1	2.547 (12)	C11—Zr1	2.307 (3)
C8—H8	0.9500	C12—C13	1.532 (4)
C8—C9	1.376 (10)	C12—C14	1.538 (4)
C8—Zr1	2.547 (10)	C12—C15	1.540 (4)
C9—H9	0.9500	C12—Si1	1.909 (3)
C9—C10	1.478 (15)	C13—H13A	0.9800
C9—Zr1	2.534 (11)	C13—H13B	0.9800
C10—H10	0.9500	C13—H13C	0.9800
C10—Zr1	2.557 (12)	C14—H14A	0.9800
C1'—H1'	0.9500	C14—H14B	0.9800
C1'—C2'	1.364 (19)	C14—H14C	0.9800
C1'—C5'	1.406 (15)	C15—H15A	0.9800
C1'—Zr1	2.514 (6)	C15—H15B	0.9800
C2'—H2'	0.9500	C15—H15C	0.9800
C2'—C3'	1.431 (17)	O1—Si1	1.628 (2)
C2'—Zr1	2.553 (19)	O1—Zr1	1.9599 (19)
C3'—H3'	0.9500	Zr1—Cp1	2.196
C3'—C4'	1.401 (9)	Zr1—Cp1'	2.258
C3'—Zr1	2.593 (6)	Zr1—Cp2	2.202
C4'—H4'	0.9500	Zr1—Cp2'	2.233
C4'—C5'	1.394 (11)

C2—C1—H1	126.0	C12—C14—H14B	109.5
C2—C1—Zr1	73.5 (8)	C12—C14—H14C	109.5
C5—C1—H1	126.0	H14A—C14—H14B	109.5
C5—C1—C2	108.0 (10)	H14A—C14—H14C	109.5
C5—C1—Zr1	74.2 (3)	H14B—C14—H14C	109.5
Zr1—C1—H1	118.3	C12—C15—H15A	109.5
C1—C2—H2	127.3	C12—C15—H15B	109.5
C1—C2—Zr1	72.5 (8)	C12—C15—H15C	109.5
C3—C2—C1	105.5 (14)	H15A—C15—H15B	109.5
C3—C2—H2	127.3	H15A—C15—H15C	109.5
C3—C2—Zr1	73.6 (9)	H15B—C15—H15C	109.5
Zr1—C2—H2	118.9	Si1—O1—Zr1	177.55 (13)
C2—C3—H3	124.3	C12—Si1—C12ⁱ	116.86 (18)
C2—C3—C4	111.4 (9)	O1ⁱ—Si1—C12	106.64 (11)
C2—C3—Zr1	74.4 (9)	O1—Si1—C12ⁱ	106.64 (11)
C4—C3—H3	124.3	O1—Si1—C12	107.93 (11)
C4—C3—Zr1	73.6 (5)	O1ⁱ—Si1—C12ⁱ	107.92 (11)
Zr1—C3—H3	119.3	O1—Si1—O1ⁱ	110.86 (15)
C3—C4—H4	127.0	C1—Zr1—C2	34.0 (3)
C3—C4—C5	106.0 (9)	C1—Zr1—C3	54.0 (2)
C3—C4—Zr1	73.4 (5)	C1—Zr1—C4	54.6 (3)
C5—C4—H4	127.0	C1—Zr1—C5	32.5 (2)
C5—C4—Zr1	73.7 (5)	C1—Zr1—C6	112.8 (3)
Zr1—C4—H4	118.1	C1—Zr1—C7	143.7 (3)
C1—C5—C4	109.0 (8)	C1—Zr1—C8	138.5 (2)
C1—C5—H5	125.5	C1—Zr1—C9	107.1 (3)
C1—C5—Zr1	73.4 (3)	C1—Zr1—C10	92.6 (3)
C4—C5—H5	125.5	C2—Zr1—C6	142.1 (5)
C4—C5—Zr1	73.4 (5)	C2—Zr1—C7	169.7 (6)
Zr1—C5—H5	119.5	C2—Zr1—C8	158.4 (6)
C7—C6—H6	125.4	C2—Zr1—C9	134.1 (5)
C7—C6—C10	109.3 (10)	C2—Zr1—C10	126.7 (4)
C7—C6—Zr1	73.3 (7)	C3—Zr1—C2	32.0 (5)
C10—C6—H6	125.4	C3—Zr1—C4	33.0 (4)
C10—C6—Zr1	73.3 (6)	C3—Zr1—C5	53.9 (2)
Zr1—C6—H6	119.7	C3—Zr1—C6	162.9 (3)
C6—C7—H7	125.7	C3—Zr1—C7	157.6 (3)
C6—C7—C8	108.6 (8)	C3—Zr1—C8	128.1 (3)
C6—C7—Zr1	75.3 (7)	C3—Zr1—C9	116.4 (3)
C8—C7—H7	125.7	C3—Zr1—C10	131.3 (3)
C8—C7—Zr1	74.1 (5)	C4—Zr1—C2	55.0 (6)
Zr1—C7—H7	116.9	C4—Zr1—C5	32.9 (2)
C7—C8—H8	125.2	C4—Zr1—C6	132.3 (4)
C7—C8—Zr1	74.1 (5)	C4—Zr1—C7	134.7 (4)
C9—C8—C7	109.6 (8)	C4—Zr1—C8	103.5 (4)
C9—C8—H8	125.2	C4—Zr1—C9	84.2 (4)
C9—C8—Zr1	73.8 (6)	C4—Zr1—C10	100.3 (4)
Zr1—C8—H8	118.7	C5—Zr1—C2	55.0 (4)
C8—C9—H9	126.3	C5—Zr1—C6	109.0 (3)
C8—C9—C10	107.4 (8)	C5—Zr1—C7	129.7 (3)
C8—C9—Zr1	74.8 (6)	C5—Zr1—C8	109.2 (2)
C10—C9—H9	126.3	C5—Zr1—C9	79.5 (3)
C10—C9—Zr1	74.0 (5)	C5—Zr1—C10	78.7 (3)
Zr1—C9—H9	117.0	C7—Zr1—C6	31.4 (3)
C6—C10—C9	105.0 (8)	C7—Zr1—C10	53.3 (3)
C6—C10—H10	127.5	C8—Zr1—C6	52.4 (4)
C6—C10—Zr1	74.5 (7)	C8—Zr1—C7	31.8 (3)
C9—C10—H10	127.5	C8—Zr1—C10	53.6 (3)
C9—C10—Zr1	72.3 (6)	C9—Zr1—C6	53.5 (4)
Zr1—C10—H10	118.0	C9—Zr1—C7	52.9 (3)
C2'—C1'—H1'	126.1	C9—Zr1—C8	31.4 (2)
C2'—C1'—C5'	107.8 (10)	C9—Zr1—C10	33.7 (3)
C2'—C1'—Zr1	75.9 (8)	C10—Zr1—C6	32.2 (3)
C5'—C1'—H1'	126.1	C1'—Zr1—C2'	31.2 (4)
C5'—C1'—Zr1	75.3 (5)	C1'—Zr1—C5'	32.2 (3)
Zr1—C1'—H1'	114.9	C1'—Zr1—C6'	112.1 (3)
C1'—C2'—H2'	125.6	C1'—Zr1—C7'	138.3 (3)
C1'—C2'—C3'	108.7 (14)	C1'—Zr1—C8'	120.2 (3)
C1'—C2'—Zr1	72.8 (9)	C1'—Zr1—C9'	90.6 (3)
C3'—C2'—H2'	125.6	C2'—Zr1—C9'	121.7 (4)
C3'—C2'—Zr1	75.4 (8)	C5'—Zr1—C2'	52.0 (5)
Zr1—C2'—H2'	118.0	C5'—Zr1—C8'	98.6 (4)
C2'—C3'—H3'	126.5	C5'—Zr1—C9'	76.6 (4)
C2'—C3'—Zr1	72.3 (9)	C6'—Zr1—C2'	131.2 (4)
C4'—C3'—C2'	106.9 (10)	C6'—Zr1—C5'	120.4 (4)
C4'—C3'—H3'	126.5	C6'—Zr1—C7'	32.2 (3)
C4'—C3'—Zr1	74.4 (4)	C6'—Zr1—C8'	53.3 (4)
Zr1—C3'—H3'	118.8	C6'—Zr1—C9'	52.4 (4)
C3'—C4'—H4'	126.2	C7'—Zr1—C2'	163.4 (5)
C3'—C4'—Zr1	74.2 (4)	C7'—Zr1—C5'	128.7 (4)
C5'—C4'—C3'	107.6 (8)	C7'—Zr1—C8'	32.7 (3)
C5'—C4'—H4'	126.2	C7'—Zr1—C9'	52.6 (3)
C5'—C4'—Zr1	72.5 (6)	C8'—Zr1—C2'	149.9 (5)
Zr1—C4'—H4'	118.9	C8'—Zr1—C9'	31.2 (3)
C1'—C5'—H5'	125.5	C10'—Zr1—C1'	85.3 (3)
C1'—C5'—Zr1	72.5 (6)	C10'—Zr1—C2'	112.8 (4)
C4'—C5'—C1'	108.9 (10)	C10'—Zr1—C5'	88.4 (4)
C4'—C5'—H5'	125.5	C10'—Zr1—C6'	32.0 (3)
C4'—C5'—Zr1	76.1 (6)	C10'—Zr1—C7'	53.3 (3)
Zr1—C5'—H5'	117.8	C10'—Zr1—C8'	52.9 (3)
C7'—C6'—H6'	126.0	C10'—Zr1—C9'	31.6 (3)
C7'—C6'—Zr1	74.3 (7)	C11—Zr1—C1	135.18 (19)
C10'—C6'—H6'	126.0	C11—Zr1—C2	103.8 (4)
C10'—C6'—C7'	107.9 (10)	C11—Zr1—C3	81.65 (19)
C10'—C6'—Zr1	72.9 (7)	C11—Zr1—C4	92.5 (2)
Zr1—C6'—H6'	118.7	C11—Zr1—C5	125.4 (2)
C6'—C7'—H7'	126.5	C11—Zr1—C6	112.0 (3)
C6'—C7'—C8'	107.1 (9)	C11—Zr1—C7	80.8 (3)
C6'—C7'—Zr1	73.5 (7)	C11—Zr1—C8	72.2 (2)
C8'—C7'—H7'	126.5	C11—Zr1—C9	97.5 (2)
C8'—C7'—Zr1	74.7 (6)	C11—Zr1—C10	125.8 (3)
Zr1—C7'—H7'	117.5	C11—Zr1—C1'	124.8 (2)
C7'—C8'—H8'	126.6	C11—Zr1—C2'	108.6 (4)
C7'—C8'—Zr1	72.6 (6)	C11—Zr1—C5'	100.5 (2)
C9'—C8'—C7'	106.8 (9)	C11—Zr1—C6'	119.7 (3)
C9'—C8'—H8'	126.6	C11—Zr1—C7'	87.9 (3)
C9'—C8'—Zr1	74.4 (6)	C11—Zr1—C8'	80.3 (3)
Zr1—C8'—H8'	118.4	C11—Zr1—C9'	105.9 (2)
C8'—C9'—H9'	125.3	C11—Zr1—C10'	133.2 (3)
C8'—C9'—C10'	109.5 (9)	O1—Zr1—C1	89.83 (16)
C8'—C9'—Zr1	74.4 (6)	O1—Zr1—C2	81.4 (5)
C10'—C9'—H9'	125.3	O1—Zr1—C3	107.49 (19)
C10'—C9'—Zr1	71.6 (6)	O1—Zr1—C4	136.4 (3)
Zr1—C9'—H9'	120.5	O1—Zr1—C5	121.80 (16)
C6'—C10'—H10'	125.7	O1—Zr1—C6	81.3 (3)
C6'—C10'—Zr1	75.1 (7)	O1—Zr1—C7	88.8 (3)
C9'—C10'—C6'	108.6 (9)	O1—Zr1—C8	120.1 (2)
C9'—C10'—H10'	125.7	O1—Zr1—C9	134.9 (3)
C9'—C10'—Zr1	76.8 (6)	O1—Zr1—C10	106.4 (3)
Zr1—C10'—H10'	114.6	O1—Zr1—C1'	104.9 (2)
H11A—C11—H11B	109.5	O1—Zr1—C2'	82.6 (5)
H11A—C11—H11C	109.5	O1—Zr1—C5'	134.3 (3)
H11B—C11—H11C	109.5	O1—Zr1—C6'	83.3 (3)
Zr1—C11—H11A	109.5	O1—Zr1—C7'	92.9 (3)
Zr1—C11—H11B	109.5	O1—Zr1—C8'	125.4 (3)
Zr1—C11—H11C	109.5	O1—Zr1—C9'	135.5 (3)
C13—C12—C14	109.0 (3)	O1—Zr1—C10'	107.2 (3)
C13—C12—C15	107.5 (2)	O1—Zr1—C11	98.83 (11)
C13—C12—Si1	108.04 (19)	O1—Zr1—Cp1	108.60
C14—C12—C15	108.6 (2)	O1—Zr1—Cp1'	109.30
C14—C12—Si1	110.3 (2)	O1—Zr1—Cp2	107.31
C15—C12—Si1	113.3 (2)	O1—Zr1—Cp2'	110.27
C12—C13—H13A	109.5	C11—Zr1—Cp1	109.36
C12—C13—H13B	109.5	C11—Zr1—Cp1'	96.81
C12—C13—H13C	109.5	C11—Zr1—Cp2	98.16
H13A—C13—H13B	109.5	C11—Zr1—Cp2'	106.27
H13A—C13—H13C	109.5	Cp1—Zr1—Cp2	130.26
H13B—C13—H13C	109.5	Cp1'—Zr1—Cp2'	129.80
C12—C14—H14A	109.5

C1—C2—C3—C4	1.0 (15)	C6'—C7'—C8'—C9'	0.2 (11)
C1—C2—C3—Zr1	65.9 (10)	C6'—C7'—C8'—Zr1	−66.9 (8)
C2—C1—C5—C4	−1.0 (10)	C7'—C6'—C10'—C9'	−3.6 (12)
C2—C1—C5—Zr1	−66.3 (8)	C7'—C6'—C10'—Zr1	66.6 (8)
C2—C3—C4—C5	−1.6 (13)	C7'—C8'—C9'—C10'	−2.4 (11)
C2—C3—C4—Zr1	65.4 (10)	C7'—C8'—C9'—Zr1	−65.9 (7)
C3—C4—C5—C1	1.6 (9)	C8'—C9'—C10'—C6'	3.8 (12)
C3—C4—C5—Zr1	66.8 (6)	C8'—C9'—C10'—Zr1	−65.2 (7)
C5—C1—C2—C3	0.0 (14)	C10'—C6'—C7'—C8'	2.1 (12)
C5—C1—C2—Zr1	66.7 (6)	C10'—C6'—C7'—Zr1	−65.7 (8)
C6—C7—C8—C9	−2.2 (11)	Zr1—C1—C2—C3	−66.7 (10)
C6—C7—C8—Zr1	−68.0 (8)	Zr1—C1—C5—C4	65.2 (6)
C7—C6—C10—C9	−1.3 (11)	Zr1—C2—C3—C4	−64.9 (7)
C7—C6—C10—Zr1	65.1 (8)	Zr1—C3—C4—C5	−67.0 (6)
C7—C8—C9—C10	1.3 (10)	Zr1—C4—C5—C1	−65.2 (5)
C7—C8—C9—Zr1	−66.0 (7)	Zr1—C6—C7—C8	67.2 (7)
C8—C9—C10—C6	0.0 (10)	Zr1—C6—C10—C9	−66.3 (7)
C8—C9—C10—Zr1	−67.9 (7)	Zr1—C7—C8—C9	65.8 (7)
C10—C6—C7—C8	2.1 (12)	Zr1—C8—C9—C10	67.4 (6)
C10—C6—C7—Zr1	−65.1 (8)	Zr1—C9—C10—C6	67.9 (7)
C1'—C2'—C3'—C4'	−1.2 (15)	Zr1—C1'—C2'—C3'	−67.5 (11)
C1'—C2'—C3'—Zr1	65.8 (11)	Zr1—C1'—C5'—C4'	68.0 (7)
C2'—C1'—C5'—C4'	−1.7 (14)	Zr1—C2'—C3'—C4'	−66.9 (6)
C2'—C1'—C5'—Zr1	−69.6 (10)	Zr1—C3'—C4'—C5'	−65.4 (7)
C2'—C3'—C4'—C5'	0.1 (12)	Zr1—C4'—C5'—C1'	−65.6 (7)
C2'—C3'—C4'—Zr1	65.5 (9)	Zr1—C6'—C7'—C8'	67.7 (7)
C3'—C4'—C5'—C1'	0.9 (11)	Zr1—C6'—C10'—C9'	−70.1 (8)
C3'—C4'—C5'—Zr1	66.5 (5)	Zr1—C7'—C8'—C9'	67.1 (7)
C5'—C1'—C2'—C3'	1.7 (16)	Zr1—C8'—C9'—C10'	63.5 (7)
C5'—C1'—C2'—Zr1	69.2 (8)	Zr1—C9'—C10'—C6'	69.0 (8)

Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y, z.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

References

Abrahams, I., Simon, C., Motevalli, M., Shah, S. A. A. & Sullivan, A. C. (1996). J. Organomet. Chem. 521, 301–304. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Askham, F. R., Carroll, K. M., Alexander, S. J., Rheingold, A. L. & Haggerty, B. S. (1993). Organometallics, 12, 4810–4815. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Askham, F. R., Carroll, K. M., Briggs, P. M., Rheingold, A. L. & Haggerty, B. S. (1994). Organometallics, 13, 2139–2141. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Babushkin, D. E., Panchenko, V. N. & Brintzinger, H.-H. (2014). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53, 9645–9649. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Bai, G., Singh, S., Roesky, H. W., Noltemeyer, M. & Schmidt, H.-G. (2005). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 3449–3455. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Bestgen, S., Schoo, C., Zovko, C., Köppe, R., Kelly, R. P., Lebedkin, S., Kappes, M. M. & Roesky, P. W. (2016). Chem. Eur. J. 22, 7115–7126. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Black, K., Aspinall, H. C., Jones, A. C., Przybylak, K., Bacsa, J., Chalker, P. R., Taylor, S., Zhao, C. Z., Elliott, S. D., Zydor, A. & Heys, P. (2008). J. Mater. Chem. 18, 4561. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Bolig, A. D. & Chen, E. Y. (2004). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 4897–4906. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Boulho, C., Zijlstra, H. S. & Harder, S. (2015). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 2132–2138. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Boulho, C., Zijlstra, H. S., Hofmann, A., Budzelaar, P. H. M. & Harder, S. (2016). Chem. Eur. J. 22, 17450–17459. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Breen, T. L. & Stephan, D. W. (1996). Organometallics, 15, 4509–4514. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Bruker (2002). SMART, SAINT and SADABS. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Burlakov, V. V., Arndt, P., Baumann, W., Spannenberg, A. & Rosenthal, U. (2006). Organometallics, 25, 1317–1320. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Chapman, A. M., Haddow, M. F. & Wass, D. F. (2012). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 1546–1554. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Ciruelo, G., Cuenca, T., Gómez-Sal, P., Martín, A. & Royo, P. (1995). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 231–236. CSD CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Cummings, S. A., Radford, R., Erker, G., Kehr, G. & Fröhlich, R. (2006). Organometallics, 25, 839–842. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Dolomanov, O. V., Bourhis, L. J., Gildea, R. J., Howard, J. A. K. & Puschmann, H. (2009). J. Appl. Cryst. 42, 339–341. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Enders, M., Fink, J., Maillant, V. & Pritzkow, H. (2001). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 627, 2281. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Erker, G., Albrecht, M., Werner, S. & Krüger, C. (1990). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 45, 1205–1209. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Frömel, S., Kehr, G., Fröhlich, R., Daniliuc, C. G. & Erker, G. (2013). Dalton Trans. 42, 14531–14536. Web of Science PubMed Google Scholar
Fujdala, K. L., Oliver, A. G., Hollander, F. J. & Tilley, T. D. (2003). Inorg. Chem. 42, 1140–1150. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Gambarotta, S., Strologo, S., Floriani, C., Chiesi-Villa, A. & Guastini, C. (1985). Inorg. Chem. 24, 654–660. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Garrison, J. C., Kim, H., Collins, S. & Youngs, W. J. (2004). Acta Cryst. C60, m357–m359. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Gosink, H.-J., Roesky, H. W., Noltemeyer, M., Schmidt, H.-G., Freire-Erdbrügger, C. & Sheldrick, G. M. (1993). Chem. Ber. 126, 279–283. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Gosink, H.-J., Roesky, H. W., Schmidt, H.-G., Noltemeyer, M., Irmer, E. & Herbst-Irmer, R. (1994). Organometallics, 13, 3420–3426. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Groom, C. R., Bruno, I. J., Lightfoot, M. P. & Ward, S. C. (2016). Acta Cryst. B72, 171–179. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Gurubasavaraj, P. M. (2015). Private Communication (refcode WUPVUA). CCDC, Cambridge, England. Google Scholar
Gurubasavaraj, P. M., Roesky, H. W., Sharma, P. M. V., Oswald, R. B., Dolle, V., Herbst-Irmer, R. & Pal, A. (2007). Organometallics, 26, 3346–3351. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Haoudi-Mazzah, A., Mazzah, A., Schmidt, H.-G., Noltemeyer, M. & Roesky, H. W. (1991). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 46, 587–592. CAS Google Scholar
Helmstedt, U., Lebedkin, S., Höcher, T., Blaurock, S. & Hey-Hawkins, E. (2008). Inorg. Chem. 47, 5815–5820. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Helmstedt, U., Lönnecke, P., Reinhold, J. & Hey-Hawkins, E. (2006). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 4922–4930. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Ho, S. C. H., Straus, D. A., Armantrout, J. A., Schaefer, W. P. & Grubbs, R. H. (1984). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 2210–2211. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Hofmann, M., Malisch, W., Schumacher, D., Lager, M. & Nieger, M. (2002). Organometallics, 21, 3485–3488. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Hüerländer, D., Kleigrewe, N., Kehr, G., Erker, G. & Fröhlich, R. (2002). Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. pp. 2633–2642. Google Scholar
Hunter, W. E., Hrncir, D. C., Bynum, R. V., Penttila, R. A. & Atwood, J. L. (1983). Organometallics, 2, 750–755. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Jian, Z., Daniliuc, C. G., Kehr, G. & Erker, G. (2018). Chem. Commun. 54, 5724–5727. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Johnson, M. J. A., Odom, A. L. & Cummins, C. C. (1997). Chem. Commun. pp. 1523–1524. CSD CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Kelsen, V., Vallée, C., Jeanneau, E., Bibal, C., Santini, C. C., Chauvin, Y. & Olivier-Bourbigou, H. (2011). Organometallics, 30, 4284–4291. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Koch, T., Blaurock, S., Hey-Hawkins, E., Galan-Fereres, M., Plat, D. & Eisen, M. S. (2000). J. Organomet. Chem. 595, 126–133. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Lacroix, F., Plecnik, C. E., Liu, S., Liu, F., Meyers, E. A. & Shore, S. G. (2003). J. Organomet. Chem. 687, 69–77. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Lickiss, P. D. & Lucas, R. (1996). J. Organomet. Chem. 521, 229–234. CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Liu, F.-Q., Roesky, H. W., Schmidt, H.-G. & Noltemeyer, M. (1992). Organometallics, 11, 2965–2967. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Liu, F.-Q., Schmidt, H.-G., Noltemeyer, M., Freire-Erdbrügger, C., Sheldrick, G. M. & Roesky, H. W. (1992). Z. Naturforsch. Teil B, 47, 1085–1090. CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Liu, F.-Q., Usón, I. & Roesky, H. W. (1995). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 2453–2458. CSD CrossRef Web of Science Google Scholar
Liu, F.-Q., Uson, I. & Roesky, H. W. (1996). Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 622, 819–822. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-L., Kehr, G., Daniliuc, C. G. & Erker, G. (2017). Organometallics, 36, 3407–3414. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Longato, B., Martin, B. D., Norton, J. R. & Anderson, O. P. (1985). Inorg. Chem. 24, 1389–1394. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Mandal, S. K., Gurubasavaraj, P. M., Roesky, H. W., Schwab, G., Stalke, D., Oswald, R. B. & Dolle, V. (2007). Inorg. Chem. 46, 10158–10167. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Mariott, W. R. & Chen, E. Y. X. (2005). Macromolecules, 38, 6822–6832. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Martin, B. D., Matchett, S. A., Norton, J. R. & Anderson, O. P. (1985). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 107, 7952–7959. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Matchett, S. A., Norton, J. P. & Anderson, O. P. (1988). Organometallics, 7, 2228–2230. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Mukherjee, A., Nembenna, S., Sen, T. K., Sarish, S. P., Ghorai, P. K., Ott, H., Stalke, D., Mandal, S. K. & Roesky, H. W. (2011). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50, 3968–3972. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Mukherjee, A., Sen, T. K., Mandal, S. K., Maity, B. & Koley, D. (2013). RSC Adv. 3, 1255–1264. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Nekoueishahraki, B., Jana, A., Roesky, H. W., Mishra, L., Stern, D. & Stalke, D. (2009). Organometallics, 28, 5733–5738. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Neu, R. C., Otten, E., Lough, A. & Stephan, D. W. (2011). Chem. Sci. 2, 170–176. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Normand, A. T., Daniliuc, C. G., Wibbeling, B., Kehr, G., Le Gendre, P. & Erker, G. (2016). Chem. Eur. J. 22, 4285–4293. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Parsons, S., Flack, H. D. & Wagner, T. (2013). Acta Cryst. B69, 249–259. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Pineda, L. W., Jancik, V., Roesky, H. W. & Herbst-Irmer, R. (2005). Inorg. Chem. 44, 3537–3540. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Richers, C. P., Bertke, J. A. & Rauchfuss, T. B. (2017). Dalton Trans. 46, 8756–8762. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Roesky, H. W., Hesse, D., Bohra, R. & Noltemeyer, M. (1991). Chem. Ber. 124, 1913–1915. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Roesky, H. W., Mazzah, A., Hesse, D. & Noltemeyer, M. (1991). Chem. Ber. 124, 519–521. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Ruck, R. T. & Bergman, R. G. (2004). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43, 5375–5377. Web of Science CSD CrossRef Google Scholar
Samuel, E., Harrod, J. F., McGlinchey, M. J., Cabestaing, C. & Robert, F. (1994). Inorg. Chem. 33, 1292–1296. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Singh, S., Jancik, V., Roesky, H. W. & Herbst-Irmer, R. (2006). Inorg. Chem. 45, 949–951. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Skowronska-Ptasinska, M. D., Duchateau, R., van Santen, R. A. & Yap, G. P. A. (2001). Organometallics, 20, 3519–3530. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Stuhldreier, T., Keul, H., Höcker, H. & Englert, U. (2000). Organometallics, 19, 5231–5234. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Thieme, K., Bourke, S. C., Zheng, J., MacLachlan, M. J., Zamanian, F., Lough, A. J. & Manners, I. (2002). Can. J. Chem. 80, 1469–1480. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Varga, V., Horáček, M., Bastl, Z., Merna, J., Císařová, I., Sýkora, J. & Pinkas, J. (2012). Catal. Today, 179, 130–139. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Wada, K., Itayama, N., Watanabe, N., Bundo, M., Kondo, T. & Mitsudo, T. (2004). Organometallics, 23, 5824–5832. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Waymouth, R. W., Potter, K. S., Schaefer, W. P. & Grubbs, R. H. (1990). Organometallics, 9, 2843–2846. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Waymouth, R. W., Santarsiero, B. D. & Grubbs, R. H. (1984). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 106, 4050–4051. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Xu, X., Kehr, G., Daniliuc, C. G. & Erker, G. (2015). Organometallics, 34, 2655–2661. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Gurubasavaraj, P. M., Ye, H., Zhang, Z., Roesky, H. W. & Jones, P. G. (2008). J. Organomet. Chem. 693, 1455–1461. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Yang, Y., Schulz, T., John, M., Yang, Z., Jiménez-Pérez, V. M., Roesky, H. W., Gurubasavaraj, P. M., Stalke, D. & Ye, H. (2008). Organometallics, 27, 769–777. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Zhang, W., Zhang, S., Sun, X., Nishiura, M., Hou, Z. & Xi, Z. (2009). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, 7227–7231. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Zuccaccia, C., Stahl, N. G., Macchioni, A., Chen, M. C., Roberts, J. A. & Marks, T. J. (2004). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 1448–1464. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.