research communications
H-tetrazole-5(4H)-thione
and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-1aOrganic Chemistry Department, Baku State University, Z. Xalilov str. 23, Az, 1148 Baku, Azerbaijan, bDepartment of Physics and Chemistry, "Composite Materials" Scientific Research Center, Azerbaijan State Economic University (UNEC), H. Aliyev str. 135, Az 1063, Baku, Azerbaijan, cDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey, dAcad. Sci. Republ. Tadzhikistan, Kh. Yu. Yusufbekov Pamir Biol. Inst., 1 Kholdorova St, Khorog 736002, Gbao, Tajikistan, and eNizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
*Correspondence e-mail: anzurat2003@mail.ru
In the crystal of the title compound, C7H5FN4S, the molecules are non-planar, with dihedral angle formed by least-squares planes of tetrazole and benzene rings of 59.94 (8) °. The crystal packing is formed by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with an R22(8) ring motif, and by the offset face-to-face π–π stacking interactions between the benzene rings, which join the dimers into layers parallel to (100). The Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from N⋯H/H⋯N (21.9%), S⋯H/H⋯S (21.1%), H⋯H (14.6%), F⋯H/H⋯F (11.8%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (9.5%) interactions.
Keywords: crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; cycloaddition products; 1H-tetrazole-5-thione ring; π–π stacking interactions.
CCDC reference: 2005595
1. Chemical context
Tetrazoles as an important class of five-membered ). Up to know, most synthetic protocols comprise the cycloaddition of thiocyanates or isothiocyanates with an azide moiety, under different conditions. Tetrazole derivatives have found a broad range of applications in medicinal chemistry (Wang et al., 2019; Gao et al., 2019; Arulmozhi et al., 2017), coordination chemistry (Askerov et al., 2018; Askerov et al., 2019a,b; Aromí et al., 2011) and material science (Frija et al., 2010; Lv et al., 2006). Numerous tetrazole-based synthetic compounds such as tomelukast, cefazolin, losartan, valsartan and alfentanil have already been used in medicinal practice.
have been known for over a hundred years. The most common synthetic approach to construct tetrazoles, based on the reaction of with hydrazoic acid, was first discovered by Hantzsch & Vagt (1901As a result of the considerable interest in this field, significant developments in the synthesis of tetrazoles have been attained, which were recently reviewed (Neochoritis et al., 2019). As a further study of the chemistry of tetrazoles, herein we report the and Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound.
2. Structural commentary
The molecule of the title compound (Fig. 1) is non-planar. The five-membered 4-dihydro-5H-tetrazole ring (N1–N4/C5) is essentially planar, with a largest deviation of 0.005 (1) Å for N3. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the tetrazole and benzene rings is 59.94 (8)°. The bond dimensions are typical of similar compounds, with a distinct N2=N3 double bond.
3. Supramolecular features
In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers with an (8) ring motif (see Fig. 2 and Table 1). The dimers are linked by the offset face-to-face π–π stacking interactions between the benzene rings, which are characterized by intercentroid distances of 3.8963 (9) and 3.8964 (9) Å, and centroid-to-plane distances of 3.4589 (6) and 3.4578 (6) Å (Fig. 2). Neighbouring molecules within the stack are related by the c glide plane. The hydrogen bonds and stacking interactions link the molecules into layers parallel to (100). Other short intermolecular contacts are collected in Table 2.
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4. Hirshfeld surface analysis
In order to investigate the intermolecular interactions in the et al., 2007) and their associated two-dimensional fingerprint plots (Spackman & McKinnon, 2002) were generated using CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017). The shorter and longer contacts are indicated as red and blue spots, respectively, on the Hirshfeld surfaces, and contacts with distances approximately equal to the sum of the van der Waals radii are represented as white spots. The contribution of interatomic contacts (Table 2) to the dnorm surface of the title compound is shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 4, red and blue triangles can be seen on the shape-index surface, which indicate the presence of π–π stacking interactions in the Analysis of the two-dimensional fingerprint plots (Fig. 5) reveals that N⋯H/H⋯N (21.9%) and S⋯H/H⋯S (21.1%) contacts (i.e. N—H⋯S) are the major contributors to the Hirshfeld surface, while H⋯H (14.6%), F⋯H/H⋯F (11.8%) and C⋯H/H⋯C (9.5%) contacts make a less significant contribution. The contribution of the C⋯C (6.6%) (i.e. π–π stacking) contacts and other contacts such as N⋯N (2.8%), F⋯C/C⋯F (2.4%), N⋯C/C⋯N (2.4%), F⋯N/N⋯F (1.7%), S⋯N/N⋯S (1.7%), S⋯C/C⋯S (1.7%), F⋯F (1.5%) and S⋯S (0.4%) make a small contribution to the overall Hirshfeld surface.
of the title compound in a visual manner, Hirshfeld surfaces (McKinnon5. Database survey
A search of the Cambridge Crystallographic Database (CSD version 5.40, update of September 2019; Groom et al., 2016) yielded nine entries closely related to the title compound, viz. 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,4,6-trimethyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-thione (CSD refcode ASEHIR; Kadir et al., 2016), 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (ZEFKED; Al-Alshaikh et al., 2017), 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-{[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-methyl}-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione (ZEFKAZ; Al-Alshaikh et al., 2017), 3-(adamantan-1-yl)-4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (ZOZNEK; Abdelrazeq et al., 2020), 2-fluoro-N-(3-(methylsulfanyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)benzamide (MITMOU; Moreno-Fuquen et al., 2019), (5-amino-3-(methylsulfanyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)(2-fluorophenyl)methanone (MITMIO; Moreno-Fuquen et al., 2019), 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (PONWIA; Penthala et al., 2014), 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)-2-methyl-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2H-1,2,3-triazole (PONWOG; Penthala et al., 2014), (E)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]prop-2-en-1-one (MESTAI; El-Hiti et al., 2018), 4-amino-3-methyl-5-(p-tolyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (JESTOR; Şahin et al., 2006), 4-amino-3-methyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (JESTUX; Şahin et al., 2006), and 2-phenyl-4,5-dianilino-2H-1,2,3-triazole (PANTZL10; Harlow et al., 1977).
In the crystal of ASEHIR, pairs of molecules related by the twofold rotation axis are linked by N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming dimers.
The b axis, there are C—H⋯π interactions that link the chains to form layers parallel to the ab plane.
of ZEFKED shows pairs of C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds forming inversion dimers, while in the crystal of ZEFKAZ, in addition to the C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds that generate chains parallel to theIn the crystal of ZOZNEK, the molecules are linked by weak C—H⋯π(phenyl) interactions, forming supramolecular chains extending along the c-axis direction. The crystal packing is further consolidated by intermolecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds and by weak C—H⋯S interactions, yielding double chains propagating along the a-axis direction.
In the π–π interactions between two arene rings of adjacent molecules.
of MITMOU, the supramolecular assembly is formed mainly by (N,C)—H⋯(N,O) hydrogen-bond interactions. Initially, strong N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds link pairs of inversion-related molecules that act as slabs of infinite chains running along the [100] direction connected by a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond. Along the [010] direction, neighbouring chains are further connected by weakThe
of MITMIO is built by a combination of strong N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which form chains of molecules running along the [100] direction. Parallel inversion-related chains of molecules are further connected by weaker C—H⋯O interactions to build the molecular architecture along the [001] direction. Weak C—H⋯N interactions connect the molecules in order to complete the three-dimensional structure along the [010] direction.In the crystal of PONWIA, the molecules are linked into chains by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R12(5) ring motifs. After the N-methylation of the PONWIA molecule, no hydrogen-bonding interactions were observed for structure PONWOG. The of PONWOG shows a disorder due to a 180° flip of the benzothiophene ring system.
In the crystal of MESTAI, the
comprises two molecules with similar conformations. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯F interactions form chains of molecules and the chains are stacked to form layers parallel to (101).In JESTOR, molecules are linked principally by N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the amino NH2 group and a triazole N atom, forming R44(20) and R42(10) rings that combine to give a three-dimensional network of molecules. The hydrogen bonding is supported by two different C—H⋯π interactions from the tolyl ring to either a triazole ring or a tolyl ring in a neighboring molecule. In JESTUX, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions generate R43(15) and R44(21) rings.
6. Synthesis and crystallization
To a solution of of NaN3 (29 mmol) in 50 mL of H2O 2-fluorophenylisothiocyanate (19.6 mmol) was added at 293 K. The reaction mixture was boiled for 2 h, cooled to 293 K; then the aqueous solution was filtered from undissolved impurities and a 10% aqueous solution of HCl was added to it with stirring to pH = 2. The precipitate of the title compound was filtered off, washed with water, and then the product was recrystallized from ethanol.
1-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1H-tetrazole-5(4H)-thione: yield 72% as white powder, m.p. 426 K. Analysis calculated for C7H5FN4S (%): C 42.85, H 2.57, N 28.56. Found (%): C 42.62, H 2.66, N 28.59. 1H NMR (400.00 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 7.73 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.55 (t, 1H), 7.45 (t, 1H). 13C NMR (100.60 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ = 162.76 (C=S), 156.39 (C—F), [137.33 (C—N, Ar), 128.76, 127.08, 124.94, 114.88 (4CH, Ar)].
7. details
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The C-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions (0.93 Å) and refined as riding with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). The N-bound H atom was located in a difference map and refined isotropically.
details are summarized in Table 3Supporting information
CCDC reference: 2005595
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020007033/yk2131sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020007033/yk2131Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989020007033/yk2131Isup3.cml
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2003); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2003); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2003); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT2014/5 (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018/3 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2020).C7H5FN4S | F(000) = 800 |
Mr = 196.21 | Dx = 1.576 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 23.5593 (11) Å | Cell parameters from 4417 reflections |
b = 9.2849 (5) Å | θ = 2.4–30.5° |
c = 7.7927 (4) Å | µ = 0.36 mm−1 |
β = 104.009 (1)° | T = 296 K |
V = 1653.92 (15) Å3 | Prism, colourless |
Z = 8 | 0.23 × 0.15 × 0.08 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 2135 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
φ and ω scans | Rint = 0.017 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2003) | θmax = 30.5°, θmin = 1.8° |
Tmin = 0.690, Tmax = 0.746 | h = −32→33 |
9005 measured reflections | k = −13→13 |
2406 independent reflections | l = −10→10 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
wR(F2) = 0.098 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.00 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0487P)2 + 1.1614P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2406 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
122 parameters | Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.22 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.51038 (2) | 0.75776 (4) | 0.51736 (5) | 0.03900 (12) | |
F1 | 0.71634 (4) | 0.73413 (10) | 0.64199 (14) | 0.0536 (3) | |
N1 | 0.61196 (5) | 0.77955 (12) | 0.40738 (16) | 0.0346 (2) | |
N2 | 0.64339 (6) | 0.88176 (13) | 0.3424 (2) | 0.0480 (3) | |
N3 | 0.61568 (6) | 1.00050 (13) | 0.3346 (2) | 0.0494 (3) | |
N4 | 0.56649 (5) | 0.97577 (12) | 0.39123 (17) | 0.0399 (3) | |
H4 | 0.5428 (9) | 1.048 (2) | 0.408 (3) | 0.060 (5)* | |
C5 | 0.56255 (5) | 0.83768 (13) | 0.43970 (17) | 0.0320 (2) | |
C6 | 0.63424 (5) | 0.63719 (13) | 0.44289 (17) | 0.0314 (2) | |
C7 | 0.68772 (6) | 0.61740 (14) | 0.56178 (18) | 0.0361 (3) | |
C8 | 0.71115 (6) | 0.48238 (16) | 0.6014 (2) | 0.0434 (3) | |
H8A | 0.747433 | 0.470495 | 0.680048 | 0.052* | |
C9 | 0.67955 (7) | 0.36465 (16) | 0.5217 (2) | 0.0444 (3) | |
H9A | 0.694563 | 0.272435 | 0.547932 | 0.053* | |
C10 | 0.62584 (7) | 0.38250 (15) | 0.4034 (2) | 0.0419 (3) | |
H10A | 0.604979 | 0.302279 | 0.351172 | 0.050* | |
C11 | 0.60297 (6) | 0.51874 (14) | 0.36219 (19) | 0.0369 (3) | |
H11A | 0.567110 | 0.530830 | 0.281472 | 0.044* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.03642 (19) | 0.03299 (18) | 0.0519 (2) | 0.00355 (12) | 0.01903 (15) | 0.00288 (13) |
F1 | 0.0467 (5) | 0.0476 (5) | 0.0603 (6) | −0.0097 (4) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0104 (4) |
N1 | 0.0316 (5) | 0.0285 (5) | 0.0465 (6) | 0.0026 (4) | 0.0148 (4) | 0.0020 (4) |
N2 | 0.0431 (6) | 0.0347 (6) | 0.0728 (9) | 0.0013 (5) | 0.0267 (6) | 0.0084 (6) |
N3 | 0.0476 (7) | 0.0330 (6) | 0.0737 (9) | 0.0031 (5) | 0.0266 (6) | 0.0085 (6) |
N4 | 0.0404 (6) | 0.0291 (5) | 0.0529 (7) | 0.0056 (4) | 0.0165 (5) | 0.0035 (5) |
C5 | 0.0314 (5) | 0.0287 (6) | 0.0356 (6) | 0.0034 (4) | 0.0076 (5) | −0.0012 (4) |
C6 | 0.0311 (5) | 0.0277 (5) | 0.0378 (6) | 0.0035 (4) | 0.0126 (5) | 0.0009 (4) |
C7 | 0.0334 (6) | 0.0351 (6) | 0.0400 (6) | −0.0017 (5) | 0.0095 (5) | −0.0028 (5) |
C8 | 0.0350 (6) | 0.0463 (8) | 0.0475 (8) | 0.0082 (6) | 0.0072 (6) | 0.0077 (6) |
C9 | 0.0486 (8) | 0.0338 (7) | 0.0548 (8) | 0.0104 (6) | 0.0202 (6) | 0.0088 (6) |
C10 | 0.0472 (7) | 0.0307 (6) | 0.0508 (8) | −0.0028 (5) | 0.0178 (6) | −0.0032 (6) |
C11 | 0.0345 (6) | 0.0338 (6) | 0.0421 (7) | −0.0007 (5) | 0.0086 (5) | −0.0014 (5) |
S1—C5 | 1.6696 (13) | C6—C11 | 1.3868 (18) |
F1—C7 | 1.3476 (15) | C7—C8 | 1.3745 (19) |
N1—C5 | 1.3608 (15) | C8—C9 | 1.382 (2) |
N1—N2 | 1.3735 (16) | C8—H8A | 0.9300 |
N1—C6 | 1.4244 (16) | C9—C10 | 1.384 (2) |
N2—N3 | 1.2752 (16) | C9—H9A | 0.9300 |
N3—N4 | 1.3558 (17) | C10—C11 | 1.3818 (19) |
N4—C5 | 1.3462 (17) | C10—H10A | 0.9300 |
N4—H4 | 0.90 (2) | C11—H11A | 0.9300 |
C6—C7 | 1.3836 (18) | ||
C5—N1—N2 | 110.84 (11) | F1—C7—C6 | 118.43 (12) |
C5—N1—C6 | 128.58 (11) | C8—C7—C6 | 121.51 (12) |
N2—N1—C6 | 120.44 (10) | C7—C8—C9 | 118.49 (13) |
N3—N2—N1 | 107.44 (11) | C7—C8—H8A | 120.8 |
N2—N3—N4 | 107.81 (11) | C9—C8—H8A | 120.8 |
C5—N4—N3 | 112.04 (11) | C8—C9—C10 | 120.72 (13) |
C5—N4—H4 | 125.3 (13) | C8—C9—H9A | 119.6 |
N3—N4—H4 | 122.1 (13) | C10—C9—H9A | 119.6 |
N4—C5—N1 | 101.86 (11) | C11—C10—C9 | 120.44 (13) |
N4—C5—S1 | 129.19 (10) | C11—C10—H10A | 119.8 |
N1—C5—S1 | 128.94 (10) | C9—C10—H10A | 119.8 |
C7—C6—C11 | 119.73 (12) | C10—C11—C6 | 119.10 (13) |
C7—C6—N1 | 119.10 (11) | C10—C11—H11A | 120.4 |
C11—C6—N1 | 121.17 (11) | C6—C11—H11A | 120.4 |
F1—C7—C8 | 120.05 (12) | ||
C5—N1—N2—N3 | 0.45 (18) | N2—N1—C6—C11 | −122.21 (15) |
C6—N1—N2—N3 | −175.58 (13) | C11—C6—C7—F1 | −178.12 (12) |
N1—N2—N3—N4 | −0.81 (18) | N1—C6—C7—F1 | 1.09 (18) |
N2—N3—N4—C5 | 0.94 (19) | C11—C6—C7—C8 | 0.5 (2) |
N3—N4—C5—N1 | −0.62 (16) | N1—C6—C7—C8 | 179.75 (13) |
N3—N4—C5—S1 | 179.93 (11) | F1—C7—C8—C9 | 177.56 (13) |
N2—N1—C5—N4 | 0.11 (15) | C6—C7—C8—C9 | −1.1 (2) |
C6—N1—C5—N4 | 175.73 (13) | C7—C8—C9—C10 | 0.7 (2) |
N2—N1—C5—S1 | 179.57 (11) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | 0.3 (2) |
C6—N1—C5—S1 | −4.8 (2) | C9—C10—C11—C6 | −0.9 (2) |
C5—N1—C6—C7 | −116.67 (15) | C7—C6—C11—C10 | 0.4 (2) |
N2—N1—C6—C7 | 58.59 (18) | N1—C6—C11—C10 | −178.76 (12) |
C5—N1—C6—C11 | 62.53 (19) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···S1i | 0.90 (2) | 2.35 (2) | 3.2456 (12) | 173.2 (18) |
C5—S1···Cg1ii | 1.67 (1) | 3.77 (1) | 4.0760 (14) | 88 (1) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, y, −z+1/2. |
Contact | Distance | Symmetry operation |
S1···S1 | 3.7741 (6) | 1 - x, y, 3/2 - z |
C5···S1 | 3.6367 (13) | 1 - x, y, 1/2 - z |
H4···S1 | 2.35 | 1 - x, 2 - y, 1 - z |
H10A···S1 | 3.18 | 1 - x, 1 - y, 1 - z |
S1···H10A | 3.04 | x, 1 - y, 1/2 + z |
F1···H8A | 2.63 | 3/2 - x, 1/2 + y, 3/2 - z |
F1···F1 | 3.0330 (15) | 3/2 - x, 3/2 - y, 1 - z |
N3···H10A | 2.82 | x, 1 + y, z |
N3···C5 | 3.38 | x, 2 - y, - 1/2 + z |
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