Crystal structures of 9-[bis­(benzyl­sulfan­yl)meth­yl]anthracene and of cyclo-dodeca­kis­(μ2-phenyl­methane­thiol­ato-κ2S:S)hexa­palladium(6 Pd—Pd)–anthracene-9,10-dione (1/1)

Raghuvanshi, A.; Krupp, A.; Viau, L.; Knorr, M.; Strohmann, C.

doi:10.1107/S2056989021006113

research communications

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 77| Part 7| July 2021| Pages 718-725

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989021006113

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Crystal structures of 9-[bis(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]anthracene and of cyclo-dodecakis(μ₂-phenylmethanethiolato-κ²S:S)hexapalladium(6 Pd—Pd)–anthracene-9,10-dione (1/1)

Abhinav Raghuvanshi,^a ‡ Anna Krupp,^b Lydie Viau,^a Michael Knorr ^a ^* and Carsten Strohmann ^b ^*

^aInstitut UTINAM UMR 6213 CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16, Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France, and ^bAnorganische Chemie, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
^*Correspondence e-mail: michael.knorr@univ-fcomte.fr, carsten.strohmann@tu-dortmund.de

Edited by W. T. A. Harrison, University of Aberdeen, Scotland (Received 4 June 2021; accepted 11 June 2021; online 18 June 2021)

The first title compound, C₂₉H₂₄S₂, L1, represents an example of an anthracene-based functionalized dithioether, which may be useful as a potential chelating or terminal ligand for coordination chemistry. This dithioacetal L1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c. The phenyl rings of the benzyl groups and that of the anthracene unit form dihedral angles of 49.21 (4) and 58.79 (5)° and the crystal structure displays short C–H⋯π contacts. Surprisingly, when attempting to coordinate L1 to [PdCl₂(PhCN)₂], instead of the targeted chelate complex [PdCl₂(κ²-L1)], a cleavage reaction leads to the formation of the centrosymmetric hexanuclear cyclic cluster of composition [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂Ph)₁₂] Pd6, or [Pd₆(C₇H₇S)₁₂]·C₁₄H₈O₂. This tiara-shaped hexamer crystallizing in the triclinic space group P $[\overline{1}]$ consists of six approximately square planar Pd(II)S₄ centers, which are interconnected through twelve μ₂-bridging benzyl thiolate groups. The Pd⋯Pd contacts range from 3.0892 (2) to 3.1609 (2) Å and can be considered as weakly bonding. The unit cell of Pd6 contains also a co-crystallized anthracene-9,10-dione molecule.

Keywords: crystal structure; cluster; palladium; thioether; thiolate; thioacetal; supramolecular network.

CCDC references: 2089413; 2089412

1. Chemical context

Acyclic and cyclic thioacetals with the –S–C(R)(H)–S (R = H, alkyl, aryl) unit can either be synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of geminal dihalides X–C(R)(H)–X by thiolates RS⁻ (Murray et al., 1981 ) or by reaction of aldehydes and ketones with thiols and dithiols (Shaterian et al., 2011 ). Because of their soft nature, organosulfur compounds preferentially interact with late transition metals in lower oxidation states. A variety of complexes as well as coordination polymers (CPs) of varying dimensionality, ranging from zero-dimensional (molecular) to three-dimensional, have been synthesized using these types of dithioether ligands and structurally characterized (Knaust & Keller, 2003 ; Awaleh et al., 2005 , 2008 ). However, many factors including the structural characteristics of the organic ligands, temperature, solvent, molar ratio, etc., greatly influence the formation of the resulting materials.

Over the last few years, we have been engaged in exploring the assembly of molecular cluster compounds and coordination polymers using thioether ligands RSCH₂SR (Peindy et al., 2007 ; Knorr et al., 2014 ; Schlachter et al., 2020 ). Recently, we have also reported the synthesis of Cu^I coordination complexes ligated with cyclic thioacetal ligands bearing various substituents (Raghuvanshi et al., 2017 , 2019 ; Schlachter et al., 2018 ; Knauer et al., 2020 ). Convenient synthetic protocols and interesting luminescent properties displayed by these complexes intrigued us to explore this field further.

Since the presence of an anthracene unit provides both rigidity as well as interesting luminescent properties to a given system, a large number of anthracene-based MOFs and CPs have been reported for various applications (for example: Hu et al., 2020 ; Mohanty et al., 2020 ; Quah et al., 2016 ; Wang et al., 2016 ). In most of these reports, either N- or O-donor substituents attached to the anthracene scaffold have been used as coordinating sites. In contrast, there are few reports where anthracene-based thioether ligands have been used for the construction of CPs. For example, a series of emissive molecular compounds and CPs have been assembled by reaction of 9,10-bis[(alkylthio)methyl]anthracenes with Ag^I salts (Hu et al., 2006 ). The synthesis of anthracene-based thioacetals with different –SR substituents including L1 has been briefly reported (Goswami et al., 2008 and Shaterian et al., 2011). However, no spectroscopic characterization data have been communicated. Furthermore, no examples of structurally characterized anthracene-based thioacetals could be found within the Cambridge Structural Database. These disparities make this field interesting for further investigations.

In this context, we synthesized the anthracene thioacetal L1 with the objective of using it as an S-donor ligand for the assembly of potentially luminescent coordination compounds. L1 was prepared straightforwardly by the reaction of benzyl mercaptan and 9-anthracenecarboxaldehyde in the presence of an excess conc. HCl at room temperature (Fig. 1) and obtained in 80% yield as a yellow solid. Characteristic for its ¹H NMR spectrum are two doublets at δ 3.55 and 3.79 ppm for the diastereotopic methylene protons and a singlet at δ 5.94 ppm for the methine proton. The complete spectroscopic data are reported in the Synthesis and crystallization section.

Figure 1
Synthesis scheme for L1 and the cluster Pd6·C₁₄H₈O₂

With this starting material in hand, we attempted to ligate L1 to [PdCl₂(PhCN)₂], (Fig. 1). Although the coordination chemistry of [PdCl₂(S∩S)] compounds is dominated by chelate complexes in which open-chain dithioether or macrocyclic polythioether ligands form five- or six-membered rings such as [PdCl₂(1,2-bis(phenylthio)ethane-S,S′] (Rao et al., 2015 ; Cambridge Structural Database refcode: CEYBUD01) or [PdCl₂(1,4,7-trithiacyclononane-S,S′)] (GATLES; Blake et al., 1988 ), there is just one structurally characterized example of a chelate complex [PdCl₂(1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8,9,10-hexathia-adamantane-S⁴,S⁶)], in which the thiamacrocycle forms a strained four-membered chelate ring (DOCNOY; Pickardt & Rautenberg, 1986 ). It has also been reported that upon treatment of PhSCH₂SPh with [M(MeCN)₄][ClO₄]₂, the strained chelate complexes [M(PhSCH₂SPh)₄](ClO₄)₂ (M = Pd, Pt) are formed (Murray et al., 1981). However, to our surprise, the targeted compound [PdCl₂(anthracen-9-ylmethylene)bis(benzylsulfane)-S,S′)] was not formed according to the NMR data. Instead, a crystallographic study of a yellow–orange crystal revealed the formation of a cyclic hexanuclear thiolate-bridged cluster [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂Ph)₁₂], Pd6. It is well known that thioacetals can be cleaved by soft Hg^II ions yielding aldehydes or other oxygenated products. One example is the HgI^II-promoted deprotection of 3,5-bis(dithioacetal)BODIPYs, in which cleavage of a dithioacetal function to aldehyde groups occurs (Madhu et al., 2014 ). A mild quantitative AgNO₃-promoted cleavage of fluorenenylethanediyl-S,S-acetals with trichloroisocyanuric acid yielding 9-fluorenone has also been reported (Olah et al., 1980 ). We suppose that in our case PdCl₂ behaves similarly, acting as electrophilic agent. We have not examined the mechanistic aspects of this unexpected reaction in detail, but the fact that Pd6 co-crystallizes with one molecule of anthracene-9,10-dione and smaller amounts of 9-anthraldehyde is in line with this hypothesis. It is noteworthy that this diketone has also been detected as one of the numerous oxidation products stemming from the oxidation of (anthracen-9-ylmethyl)(benzyl)sulfane with ceric ammonium nitrate (Gopalakrishnan et al., 2015 ).

Looking for a more rational manner to synthesize this tiara-like cluster, we attempted to prepare Pd6 independently by reacting [PdCl₂(PhCN)₂] with 2.1 equivalents of benzyl mercaptan in CH₂Cl₂ solution. However, the isolation of Pd6 was hampered by the co-crystallization of important amounts of the eight-membered cluster Pd8 [Pd₈(μ₂-SCH₂Ph)₁₆], having a structure similar to that of [Pd₈(μ₂-SPr)₁₆] (Higgins et al., 1988 ). Details of this reaction will be reported elsewhere.

2. Structural commentary

Compound L1 crystallizes from the mixed solvents CH₂Cl₂/hexane in the monoclinic crystal system with P2₁/c space group. The molecular structure of L1 is presented in Fig. 2 and selected bond lengths and bond angles are given in Table 1. The C15—S1 and C15—S2 bond lengths of 1.8309 (12) and 1.8220 (12) Å are comparable with those of [BzSC(H)(C₆H₄NO₂-p)SBz] (SUNMAQ) [1.8262 (19) and 1.818 (2) Å; Binkowska et al., 2009 ], but are elongated compared with those of bis(benzylsulfanyl)methane (TUQPAX) [1.7988 (13) and 1.8013 (13) Å; Yang et al., 2010 ) and 2-[bis(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol (IGOBOY) [1.8132 (12) and 1.8189 (12) Å; Raghuvanshi et al., 2020 ). The angle S1—C15—S2 of 110.93 (6)° in L1 is wider than those of 4-nitrophenylbis(benzylsulfanyl)methane [107.26 (6)°] and 2-[bis(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol [107.76 (10)°], but considerably less than in [BzSCH₂SBz] [117.33 (7)°]. The phenyl rings of the benzyl groups and that of the anthracene unit form dihedral angles of 49.21 (4) and 58.79 (5)°.

Table 1
Selected geometric parameters (Å, °) for L1

S1—C15	1.8309 (12)	S2—C15	1.8220 (12)

S1—C15—S2	110.93 (6)

Figure 2
The molecular structure of L1 with atom labelling and displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level.

The inorganic part of the crystal structure of the reaction product of L1 with [PdCl₂(PhCN)₂] shown in Fig. 3 is very similar overall to the structures of a series of other structurally characterized tiara-like hexanuclear clusters bridged by aliphatic thiolate groups such as [Pd₆(μ₂-SPr)₁₂] (Kunchur, 1971 ; PDPRMC), [Pd₆(μ₂-SEt)₁₂] (Stash et al., 2001 ; UCIXAF), [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂CH₂OH)₁₂] (Mahmudov et al., 2013 ; XIPCUW), [Pd₆(μ₂-SBu)₁₂] (Stash et al., 2009 ; LAFBUR) and [Pd₆(μ₂-SHexyl)₁₂] (Ananikov et al., 2012 ; FAVQEA). Furthermore, the structure of the thiophenolate-spanned compound [Pd₆(μ₂-SPh)₁₂] has been reported (Stash et al., 2009). However, within this series of metallacycles, the most reminiscent structure to our benzylic derivative [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂Ph)₁₂] is that of the phenylethanethiolate-decorated nanocluster [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂CH₂Ph)₁₂] (Chen et al., 2017 ; HEGPAN).

Figure 3
The molecular structure of Pd6·C₁₄H₈O₂ with the atom labelling and displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level [symmetry codes: (i) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1; (ii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 2]. The H atoms are not shown for clarity.

The core of Pd6 consists of three crystallographically different Pd^II centers forming a centrosymmetric, almost planar, six-membered ring with Pd⋯Pd contacts ranging from 3.0892 (2) to 3.1609 (2) Å. The mean Pd⋯Pd separation of 3.1213 (2) Å is quite similar to that of the other derivatives and may be considered as weakly bonding (Stash et al., 2009), being significantly shorter than the sum of the van der Waals radii for Pd (3.26 Å; Bondi, 1964 ). The mean separation of two symmetry-related opposite Pd nuclei is about 6.22 Å, the longest being that of 6.453 Å between Pd3 and Pd3′, justifying describing these compounds as nano-sized clusters. Each palladium atom is coordinated covalently to four μ₂-sulfur atoms with an approximately square-planar geometry, and the average Pd—S bond length of 2.327 (5) Å is close to those of the other [Pd₆(μ₂-SR)₁₂] analogues. The S—Pd—S bridge angles vary within the range 81.033 (16)–99.246 (16)°. The twelve sulfur atoms form two S₆ hexagons parallel to the central Pd₆ ring from both sides, conferring finally a tiara-like shape to the Pd₆S₁₂ scaffold.

Note that the crystal structure of anthracene-9,10-dione (also named 9,10-anthraquinone) has already been the object of several crystallographic studies and is therefore not commented herein (Fu & Brock, 1998 ; Slouf, 2002 ).

3. Supramolecular features

The crystal packing of dithioactal L1 is shown in Fig. 4. Three different types of C—H⋯π interactions are observed in the crystal structure (Fig. 5) where the H⋯π distances range from 2.51 to 2.84 Å. The C21—H21⋯Cg(C16/C17/C22/C23/C24/C29 centroid) distance of 2.519 (18) Å, the C14—H14⋯C24 distance of 2.741 (18) Å and the C1—H1B⋯C9 distance of 2.847 (16) Å are short enough to be considered as weak intermolecular interactions (see Table 2). The closest C—H⋯S contact of 2.702 Å occurs between the aromatic H18 atom and S; however, the C18—H18⋯S1 angle of 123° suggests that this contribution has a neglectable impact on the conformation of L1.

Table 2
Close contacts (Å, °) for L1

Cg is the centroid of the C16/C17/C22–C24/C29 ring.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
C21—H21⋯C16ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.775 (17)	3.7095 (17)	167.6 (13)
C21—H21⋯C17ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.856 (17)	3.7737 (18)	162.6 (13)
C21—H21⋯C29ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.816 (17)	3.6338 (17)	144.7 (12)
C21—H21⋯Cgⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.519 (18)	3.4116 (14)	156.3 (13)
C14—H14⋯C24ⁱⁱ	0.976 (17)	2.741 (18)	3.5982 (19)	146.9 (13)
C1—H1B⋯C9ⁱⁱⁱ	0.972 (16)	2.847 (16)	3.8023 (17)	168.0 (12)
Symmetry codes: (i) $[-x+2, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ ; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) .

Figure 4
A view along the b-axis direction of the crystal packing of L1.

Figure 5
Intermolecular C—H⋯π interactions occurring in L1 generating a one-dimensional supramolecular ribbon [symmetry codes: (i) x, y + 1, z; (ii) −x + 2, y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ ; (iii) −x + 2, y − $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ ]

A Hirshfeld surface analysis (Spackman & Jayatilaka, 2009 ) for the further investigation of close contacts and intermolecular interactions was performed for L1 using CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017 ). Figs. 6a and 7 illustrate the three-dimensional Hirshfeld surface mapped over d_norm in the range from −1.11 to 1.36 (arbitrary units). The red spots on the surface indicate the close contacts to adjacent molecules. There are three areas of red spots which can be classified as C—H⋯π interactions. The first and most important interaction is the C—H⋯π contact of one of the phenylmethanethiolate substituents to the anthracene scaffold of a neighboring molecule (C14—H14⋯C24). Furthermore, there are significant interactions of the anthracene unit to an adjacent anthracene unit (C21—H21⋯C16/17/29). Then, there is also a weak C—H⋯π contact of two phenylmethanethiolate substituents (C1—H1B⋯C9). The contributions of the different types of intermolecular interactions are shown in the two-dimensional fingerprint plots in Fig. 8. The weak van der Waals H⋯H contacts appear as the largest region with a 51.0% contribution. The C⋯H/H⋯C contacts exhibit a significant contribution at 40.4% and constitute a major contribution to the packing arrangement within the crystal structure. Fig. 6b and 6c illustrate the Hirshfeld surface mapped over the shape-index and the curvedness. The shape-index shows large red regions of concave curvature for the anthracene motif, whereas the C—H-donors shows opposite curvature.

Figure 6
Hirshfeld surface mapped with (a) d_norm, (b) shape-index and (c) curvedness for L1.

Figure 7
Hirshfeld surface analysis of L1 showing close contacts in the crystal.

Figure 8
(a) Two-dimensional fingerprint plots of L1, showing all contributions, and delineated (b)–(d) showing the contributions of atoms within specific interacting pairs (blue areas).

Concerning the cluster Pd6, there are no particular directional intermolecular interactions in the packing warranting any discussion. The packing is shown in Fig. 9.

Figure 9
A view along the b-axis direction of the crystal packing of Pd6·C₁₄H₈O₂.

4. Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016 ) for related anthracene-substituted dithioacetals did not reveal any structure hits. However, there are several examples of monothioethers attached on an anthracenyl scaffold and include {9-[(2-chloroethyl)thio]methyl}anthracene (CETMAN; Lewis et al., 1976 ), 1,6-bis(9-anthryl)-2,5-dithiahexane (LEYHIH; Schwarze et al., 2007 ) and S-(9-anthryl)methyl-3,5-dinitrothiobenzoate (VEZLUI; Fowelin et al., 2007 ). A search for the bis(benzylthio)methane motif HC(SCH₂Ph)₂ revealed only three similar structures, namely 2,6,10,14,19,24-hexa-p-benz-4,8,12,16,17,21,22,26-octathiatricyclo(9.5.5.5^3,9)hexacosaphane benzene clathrate (CUHLUM; Takemura et al., 1984 ), 4-nitrophenyl-[bis(benzylthio)]methane (SUNMAQ; Binkowska et al., 2009) and 2-[bis(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]-6-methoxyphenol (IGOBOY; Raghuvanshi et al., 2020).

In contrast to mononuclear palladium complexes bearing terminal phenylmethanethiolate groups such as trans-[Pd(SCH₂Ph)₂(PMe₃)₂] (Lee et al. 2015 ; NOQZOK), [Pd(SCH₂Ph)₂(1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane)] (Su et al. 1997a ,b ; TERREN) and [Pd(SCH₂Ph)₂(1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)] (Su et al. 1997 ; SUTMOJ), those of phenylmethanethiolate-bridged di- and polynuclear Pd complexes are scare. The only crystallographically characterized hit is the tetranuclear cluster [Pd₄Se₄(μ₂-SCH₂Ph)₂(bis(diphenylphosphino)methane)Cl₂] (Cao et al. 1998 ; JIXRAJ). The aforementioned [Pd₆(μ₂-SR)₁₂] clusters have found applications as precursors for the preparation of monodisperse PdS nanoparticles (Yang et al., 2007 ), for the self-assembly of palladiumthiolate bilayers (Thomas et al., 2001 ), as fluorescence materials (Chen et al., 2017) and as electrocatalysts for H and O evolution reactions (Gao & Chen, 2017 ). Also noteworthy is the observation that individual [Pd₆(μ₂-SCH₂CH₂OH)₁₂] molecules are interconnected in the solid state by hydrogen bonds through the hydroxy groups of the thiolate ligands, thus generating an infinite three-dimensional supramolecular network (Mahmudov et al., 2013). Concerning the influence of hydrogen-bonding interactions on nuclearity and structure for other tiara-like palladium complexes, see: Martin et al. (2018 ). Recently, a structurally related Pt^II thiolate complex [Pt₆(μ₂-SC₁₂H₂₃)₁₂] has been prepared and probed as a macrocyclic host to include an Ag^I ion as guest (Shichibu et al., 2016 ).

5. Synthesis and crystallization

9-Anthracenecarboxaldehyde (206 mg, 1 mmol) and benzyl mercaptan (348 mg, 3 mmol) were suspended in conc. HCl (2 ml) and allowed to stir at room temperature. After 2 h, the reaction mixture was neutralized with aqueous NaHCO₃ solution and extracted with dichloromethane. The organic fraction was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by column chromatography using a hexane/dichloromethane solvent mixture as eluent gives a pale-yellow solid product in 80% yield (350 mg). Crystals suitable for single-crystal X-ray crystallography were grown by slow diffusion of hexane into a dichloromethane solution of L1, m.p. 438–440 K. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, δ in ppm, CD₂Cl₂): 9.03 (dd, J = 9.0 Hz, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H₁₈), 8.39 (s, 1H, H₂₃), 8.00 (dd, J = 8.5 Hz, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H₂₁), 7.95 (dd, J = 8.5 Hz, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H₂₅), 7.55–7.47 (m, 2H, H₁₉, H₂₇), ddd (J = 8.5 Hz, J = 6.5 Hz, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H₃), 7.28–7.22 (m, 6H, H_Ph + H₆), 7.14–7.09 (m, 5H, H_Ph), 6.91 (dd, J = 9.0 Hz, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H, H₂₈), 5.94 (s, 1H, CHS₂), 3.79 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 2H, CH₂), 3.55 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 2H, CH₂). ¹³C{¹H} NMR (101 MHz, δ in ppm, CD₂Cl₂) 138.34 (C₁₆), 132.50 (C₁₇), 131.46 (Cq), 131.36 (Cq), 130.28 (Cq), 129.58 (CHAr), 129.56 (C₂₁), 129.47 (C₂₅), 129.13 (Cq), 128.96 (CHAr), 128.84 (C₂₃), 127.75 (C₁₈), 127.53 (CHAr), 126.63 (C₂₆), 125.61 (C₁₉), 125.12 (C₂₀), 124.91 (C₂₇), 122.99 (C₂₈), 45.02 (S₂CH), 37.89 (SCH₂). IR (ATR) cm ⁻¹: 3050 and 3025 (C—H Ar), 2998, 2948 and 2906 (C—H aliphatic), 1589, 1519 (C=C), 696 (C—S).

Reaction of L1 with PdCl₂(PhCN)₂: L1 (43 mg, 0.1 mmol) and PdCl₂(PhCN)₂ (38 mg, 0.1 mmol) were dissolved in 5 ml of dichloromethane and allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. During the reaction, a red solution was obtained, which was kept in refrigerator overnight yielding yellow crystals of 9-anthraldehyde along with yellow–orange co-crystals of the [Pd₆(SCH₂Ph)₁₂·anthracene-9,10-dione] cluster, Pd6. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, δ in ppm, CD₂Cl₂)): 8.92–6.86 (m, overlapping benzylic and anthracenyl H), 3.61 (s, SCH₂), 3.58 (s, SCH₂).

6. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. For both compounds, the H atoms were positioned geometrically (C—H = 0.95–1.00 Å) and were refined using a riding model, with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C). Hydrogen atoms H1B, H14 and H21 for L1 were located in the difference-Fourier map and refined freely.

Table 3
Experimental details

	L1	Pd6
Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₂₉H₂₄S₂	[Pd₆(C₇H₇S)₁₂]·C₁₄H₈O₂
M_r	436.60	2324.83
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Triclinic, P $[\overline{1}]$
Temperature (K)	123	100
a, b, c (Å)	18.0842 (13), 7.5279 (5), 17.4975 (13)	12.4037 (6), 13.2255 (6), 14.7347 (7)
α, β, γ (°)	90, 108.439 (3), 90	109.842 (2), 91.616 (2), 91.191 (2)
V (Å³)	2259.7 (3)	2271.56 (19)
Z	4	1
Radiation type	Mo Kα	Mo Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.25	1.49
Crystal size (mm)	0.95 × 0.44 × 0.30	0.33 × 0.24 × 0.18

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker D8 Venture	Bruker D8 Venture
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016 )	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016)
T_min, T_max	0.522, 0.563	0.300, 0.333
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	25688, 4994, 4423	109169, 10078, 9452
R_int	0.025	0.028
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.641	0.644

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.032, 0.086, 1.05	0.019, 0.048, 1.10
No. of reflections	4994	10078
No. of parameters	295	532
H-atom treatment	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.24, −0.30	1.20, −0.79
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2018 ), SAINT (Bruker, 2016), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ), SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b ), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ), CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017), publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020 ).

Supporting information

CCDC references: 2089413; 2089412

Crystal structure: contains datablocks mo_b0159_0m, mo_b0283_0m, New_Global_Publ_Block. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989021006113/hb7976sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock mo_b0159_0m. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989021006113/hb7976mo_b0159_0msup2.hkl

Structure factors: contains datablock mo_b0283_0m. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989021006113/hb7976mo_b0283_0msup3.hkl

checkCIF report

Computing details top

For both structures, data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2018); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2016); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2016); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009), CrystalExplorer17 (Turner et al., 2017), publCIF (Westrip, 2010), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020).

9-[Bis(benzylsulfanyl)methyl]anthracene (mo_b0159_0m) top

Crystal data top

C₂₉H₂₄S₂	F(000) = 920
M_r = 436.60	D_x = 1.283 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 18.0842 (13) Å	Cell parameters from 9706 reflections
b = 7.5279 (5) Å	θ = 2.8–27.1°
c = 17.4975 (13) Å	µ = 0.25 mm⁻¹
β = 108.439 (3)°	T = 123 K
V = 2259.7 (3) Å³	Block, yellow
Z = 4	0.95 × 0.44 × 0.30 mm

Data collection top

Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer	4994 independent reflections
Radiation source: microfocus sealed X-ray tube, Incoatec Iµs	4423 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
HELIOS mirror optics monochromator	R_int = 0.025
Detector resolution: 10.4167 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 27.1°, θ_min = 2.8°
ω and φ scans	h = −23→23
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016)	k = −9→9
T_min = 0.522, T_max = 0.563	l = −22→22
25688 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: iterative
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: mixed
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.032	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F²) = 0.086	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0436P)² + 0.9034P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.05	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
4994 reflections	Δρ_max = 0.24 e Å⁻³
295 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.30 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
S1	0.68666 (2)	0.64448 (5)	0.70893 (2)	0.02319 (9)
S2	0.80911 (2)	0.92465 (4)	0.72381 (2)	0.02454 (9)
C1	0.62676 (7)	0.52418 (17)	0.62051 (8)	0.0205 (2)
H1A	0.6175 (9)	0.602 (2)	0.5751 (9)	0.025*
C2	0.55092 (7)	0.47989 (16)	0.63477 (7)	0.0185 (2)
C3	0.54888 (7)	0.35800 (16)	0.69428 (8)	0.0221 (3)
H3	0.5950	0.2966	0.7235	0.027*
C4	0.47989 (8)	0.32580 (18)	0.71106 (8)	0.0269 (3)
H4	0.4793	0.2443	0.7523	0.032*
C5	0.41191 (8)	0.41281 (18)	0.66757 (8)	0.0270 (3)
H5	0.3648	0.3909	0.6790	0.032*
C6	0.41294 (7)	0.53190 (18)	0.60730 (8)	0.0250 (3)
H6	0.3663	0.5899	0.5768	0.030*
C7	0.48232 (7)	0.56614 (16)	0.59167 (7)	0.0213 (3)
H7	0.4829	0.6494	0.5511	0.026*
C8	0.73177 (9)	1.08485 (18)	0.67732 (9)	0.0324 (3)
H8A	0.6879	1.0657	0.6987	0.039*
H8B	0.7519	1.2066	0.6922	0.039*
C9	0.70229 (8)	1.06923 (16)	0.58667 (9)	0.0269 (3)
C10	0.62799 (8)	1.00169 (18)	0.54845 (9)	0.0298 (3)
H10	0.5945	0.9749	0.5792	0.036*
C11	0.60257 (9)	0.97328 (19)	0.46564 (9)	0.0350 (3)
H11	0.5521	0.9259	0.4402	0.042*
C12	0.65053 (10)	1.0137 (2)	0.42027 (9)	0.0368 (3)
H12	0.6332	0.9937	0.3638	0.044*
C13	0.72407 (10)	1.08361 (19)	0.45753 (10)	0.0378 (4)
H13	0.7568	1.1134	0.4264	0.045*
C14	0.74995 (9)	1.11021 (18)	0.54031 (10)	0.0330 (3)
C15	0.76483 (7)	0.72278 (16)	0.67172 (7)	0.0177 (2)
H15	0.7393	0.7570	0.6142	0.021*
C16	0.82754 (6)	0.59003 (15)	0.67177 (7)	0.0151 (2)
C17	0.87649 (7)	0.51631 (15)	0.74463 (7)	0.0160 (2)
C18	0.86799 (7)	0.55321 (17)	0.82190 (7)	0.0203 (2)
H18	0.8266	0.6274	0.8251	0.024*
C19	0.91823 (8)	0.48387 (18)	0.89085 (7)	0.0240 (3)
H19	0.9110	0.5098	0.9411	0.029*
C20	0.98118 (8)	0.37349 (18)	0.88869 (8)	0.0251 (3)
H20	1.0163	0.3281	0.9373	0.030*
C21	0.99092 (8)	0.33320 (17)	0.81703 (8)	0.0231 (3)
C22	0.93948 (7)	0.40166 (15)	0.74321 (7)	0.0178 (2)
C23	0.95162 (7)	0.36306 (16)	0.67019 (7)	0.0196 (2)
H23	0.9933	0.2866	0.6697	0.024*
C24	0.90401 (7)	0.43409 (15)	0.59806 (7)	0.0172 (2)
C25	0.91875 (7)	0.39569 (17)	0.52438 (8)	0.0228 (3)
H25	0.9608	0.3194	0.5251	0.027*
C26	0.87412 (8)	0.46550 (19)	0.45322 (8)	0.0257 (3)
H26	0.8849	0.4387	0.4048	0.031*
C27	0.81107 (8)	0.57903 (18)	0.45207 (7)	0.0239 (3)
H27	0.7797	0.6278	0.4023	0.029*
C28	0.79469 (7)	0.61934 (16)	0.52090 (7)	0.0203 (2)
H28	0.7520	0.6954	0.5180	0.024*
C29	0.84043 (6)	0.54966 (15)	0.59774 (7)	0.0154 (2)
H1B	0.6540 (9)	0.417 (2)	0.6137 (9)	0.025 (4)*
H21	1.0321 (9)	0.258 (2)	0.8136 (9)	0.033 (4)*
H14	0.8029 (10)	1.152 (2)	0.5669 (10)	0.038 (5)*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
S1	0.01573 (15)	0.03525 (18)	0.02062 (16)	−0.00149 (12)	0.00864 (12)	−0.00719 (12)
S2	0.02187 (17)	0.02029 (16)	0.02713 (17)	0.00168 (11)	0.00160 (13)	−0.00742 (12)
C1	0.0191 (6)	0.0225 (6)	0.0207 (6)	0.0010 (5)	0.0076 (5)	−0.0028 (5)
C2	0.0183 (6)	0.0188 (5)	0.0187 (6)	−0.0005 (4)	0.0060 (5)	−0.0038 (4)
C3	0.0209 (6)	0.0208 (6)	0.0228 (6)	0.0017 (5)	0.0043 (5)	0.0017 (5)
C4	0.0283 (7)	0.0261 (6)	0.0266 (6)	−0.0042 (5)	0.0093 (5)	0.0040 (5)
C5	0.0208 (6)	0.0304 (7)	0.0311 (7)	−0.0060 (5)	0.0102 (5)	−0.0030 (6)
C6	0.0175 (6)	0.0260 (6)	0.0286 (7)	0.0018 (5)	0.0032 (5)	−0.0016 (5)
C7	0.0221 (6)	0.0202 (6)	0.0202 (6)	0.0004 (5)	0.0047 (5)	0.0009 (5)
C8	0.0315 (7)	0.0227 (6)	0.0377 (8)	0.0088 (6)	0.0032 (6)	−0.0093 (6)
C9	0.0253 (7)	0.0145 (6)	0.0364 (7)	0.0061 (5)	0.0032 (6)	−0.0024 (5)
C10	0.0222 (6)	0.0246 (6)	0.0399 (8)	0.0062 (5)	0.0058 (6)	0.0022 (6)
C11	0.0276 (7)	0.0288 (7)	0.0388 (8)	0.0039 (6)	−0.0033 (6)	0.0016 (6)
C12	0.0449 (9)	0.0272 (7)	0.0324 (8)	0.0068 (6)	0.0039 (7)	0.0053 (6)
C13	0.0439 (9)	0.0263 (7)	0.0453 (9)	0.0049 (6)	0.0171 (7)	0.0116 (6)
C14	0.0282 (7)	0.0192 (6)	0.0479 (9)	−0.0019 (5)	0.0068 (7)	0.0025 (6)
C15	0.0156 (5)	0.0190 (5)	0.0188 (5)	0.0003 (4)	0.0058 (4)	−0.0032 (4)
C16	0.0133 (5)	0.0154 (5)	0.0177 (5)	−0.0017 (4)	0.0064 (4)	−0.0015 (4)
C17	0.0147 (5)	0.0168 (5)	0.0177 (6)	−0.0018 (4)	0.0066 (4)	−0.0005 (4)
C18	0.0195 (6)	0.0244 (6)	0.0187 (6)	−0.0010 (5)	0.0083 (5)	−0.0018 (5)
C19	0.0256 (6)	0.0312 (7)	0.0172 (6)	−0.0034 (5)	0.0095 (5)	0.0001 (5)
C20	0.0227 (6)	0.0310 (7)	0.0195 (6)	−0.0001 (5)	0.0036 (5)	0.0082 (5)
C21	0.0203 (6)	0.0243 (6)	0.0243 (6)	0.0042 (5)	0.0064 (5)	0.0054 (5)
C22	0.0162 (6)	0.0174 (5)	0.0195 (6)	0.0004 (4)	0.0052 (5)	0.0022 (4)
C23	0.0163 (6)	0.0200 (6)	0.0235 (6)	0.0036 (4)	0.0077 (5)	−0.0008 (5)
C24	0.0158 (5)	0.0178 (5)	0.0189 (6)	−0.0011 (4)	0.0068 (4)	−0.0024 (4)
C25	0.0201 (6)	0.0287 (6)	0.0220 (6)	0.0026 (5)	0.0101 (5)	−0.0045 (5)
C26	0.0259 (7)	0.0357 (7)	0.0178 (6)	−0.0006 (6)	0.0102 (5)	−0.0041 (5)
C27	0.0224 (6)	0.0312 (7)	0.0171 (6)	0.0000 (5)	0.0047 (5)	0.0021 (5)
C28	0.0176 (6)	0.0228 (6)	0.0202 (6)	0.0014 (5)	0.0057 (5)	0.0010 (5)
C29	0.0137 (5)	0.0155 (5)	0.0175 (5)	−0.0024 (4)	0.0056 (4)	−0.0015 (4)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

S1—C1	1.8240 (13)	C13—C14	1.389 (2)
S1—C15	1.8309 (12)	C14—H14	0.976 (17)
S2—C8	1.8309 (14)	C15—H15	1.0000
S2—C15	1.8220 (12)	C15—C16	1.5114 (15)
C1—H1A	0.958 (16)	C16—C17	1.4153 (16)
C1—C2	1.5070 (17)	C16—C29	1.4197 (16)
C1—H1B	0.971 (16)	C17—C18	1.4355 (16)
C2—C3	1.3971 (18)	C17—C22	1.4356 (16)
C2—C7	1.3920 (17)	C18—H18	0.9500
C3—H3	0.9500	C18—C19	1.3639 (18)
C3—C4	1.3905 (19)	C19—H19	0.9500
C4—H4	0.9500	C19—C20	1.4195 (19)
C4—C5	1.3884 (19)	C20—H20	0.9500
C5—H5	0.9500	C20—C21	1.3545 (19)
C5—C6	1.3887 (19)	C21—C22	1.4281 (17)
C6—H6	0.9500	C21—H21	0.951 (17)
C6—C7	1.3902 (18)	C22—C23	1.3937 (17)
C7—H7	0.9500	C23—H23	0.9500
C8—H8A	0.9900	C23—C24	1.3902 (17)
C8—H8B	0.9900	C24—C25	1.4262 (16)
C8—C9	1.510 (2)	C24—C29	1.4405 (16)
C9—C10	1.3938 (19)	C25—H25	0.9500
C9—C14	1.392 (2)	C25—C26	1.3573 (19)
C10—H10	0.9500	C26—H26	0.9500
C10—C11	1.391 (2)	C26—C27	1.4200 (19)
C11—H11	0.9500	C27—H27	0.9500
C11—C12	1.382 (2)	C27—C28	1.3623 (18)
C12—H12	0.9500	C28—H28	0.9500
C12—C13	1.386 (2)	C28—C29	1.4365 (16)
C13—H13	0.9500

C1—S1—C15	100.16 (6)	C13—C14—H14	120.0 (10)
C15—S2—C8	100.02 (6)	S1—C15—H15	106.2
S1—C1—H1A	107.5 (9)	S1—C15—S2	110.93 (6)
S1—C1—H1B	109.1 (9)	S2—C15—H15	106.2
H1A—C1—H1B	111.7 (13)	C16—C15—S1	116.78 (8)
C2—C1—S1	107.27 (8)	C16—C15—S2	109.89 (8)
C2—C1—H1A	110.1 (9)	C16—C15—H15	106.2
C2—C1—H1B	111.0 (9)	C17—C16—C15	121.01 (10)
C3—C2—C1	120.58 (11)	C17—C16—C29	120.10 (10)
C7—C2—C1	120.60 (11)	C29—C16—C15	118.73 (10)
C7—C2—C3	118.75 (11)	C16—C17—C18	123.35 (11)
C2—C3—H3	119.7	C16—C17—C22	119.59 (10)
C4—C3—C2	120.59 (12)	C18—C17—C22	117.04 (11)
C4—C3—H3	119.7	C17—C18—H18	119.4
C3—C4—H4	120.0	C19—C18—C17	121.28 (12)
C5—C4—C3	120.01 (12)	C19—C18—H18	119.4
C5—C4—H4	120.0	C18—C19—H19	119.5
C4—C5—H5	120.0	C18—C19—C20	121.06 (12)
C4—C5—C6	119.91 (12)	C20—C19—H19	119.5
C6—C5—H5	120.0	C19—C20—H20	120.1
C5—C6—H6	120.0	C21—C20—C19	119.74 (12)
C5—C6—C7	119.92 (12)	C21—C20—H20	120.1
C7—C6—H6	120.0	C20—C21—C22	121.21 (12)
C2—C7—H7	119.6	C20—C21—H21	121.7 (10)
C6—C7—C2	120.81 (12)	C22—C21—H21	117.1 (10)
C6—C7—H7	119.6	C21—C22—C17	119.65 (11)
S2—C8—H8A	109.1	C23—C22—C17	119.81 (11)
S2—C8—H8B	109.1	C23—C22—C21	120.50 (11)
H8A—C8—H8B	107.8	C22—C23—H23	119.3
C9—C8—S2	112.44 (9)	C24—C23—C22	121.35 (11)
C9—C8—H8A	109.1	C24—C23—H23	119.3
C9—C8—H8B	109.1	C23—C24—C25	120.23 (11)
C10—C9—C8	119.94 (14)	C23—C24—C29	120.02 (11)
C14—C9—C8	121.12 (13)	C25—C24—C29	119.74 (11)
C14—C9—C10	118.80 (14)	C24—C25—H25	119.2
C9—C10—H10	119.8	C26—C25—C24	121.59 (12)
C11—C10—C9	120.45 (14)	C26—C25—H25	119.2
C11—C10—H10	119.8	C25—C26—H26	120.4
C10—C11—H11	119.9	C25—C26—C27	119.19 (11)
C12—C11—C10	120.24 (14)	C27—C26—H26	120.4
C12—C11—H11	119.9	C26—C27—H27	119.3
C11—C12—H12	120.1	C28—C27—C26	121.32 (12)
C11—C12—C13	119.75 (15)	C28—C27—H27	119.3
C13—C12—H12	120.1	C27—C28—H28	119.2
C12—C13—H13	119.9	C27—C28—C29	121.61 (11)
C12—C13—C14	120.13 (15)	C29—C28—H28	119.2
C14—C13—H13	119.9	C16—C29—C24	119.14 (10)
C9—C14—H14	119.3 (10)	C16—C29—C28	124.31 (11)
C13—C14—C9	120.61 (14)	C28—C29—C24	116.54 (10)

S1—C1—C2—C3	−67.96 (13)	C15—C16—C29—C24	175.17 (10)
S1—C1—C2—C7	108.83 (11)	C15—C16—C29—C28	−3.66 (17)
S1—C15—C16—C17	−63.16 (13)	C16—C17—C18—C19	−177.73 (12)
S1—C15—C16—C29	121.33 (10)	C16—C17—C22—C21	177.36 (11)
S2—C8—C9—C10	109.50 (13)	C16—C17—C22—C23	−0.39 (17)
S2—C8—C9—C14	−66.21 (15)	C17—C16—C29—C24	−0.38 (16)
S2—C15—C16—C17	64.29 (12)	C17—C16—C29—C28	−179.21 (11)
S2—C15—C16—C29	−111.22 (10)	C17—C18—C19—C20	0.44 (19)
C1—S1—C15—S2	153.75 (6)	C17—C22—C23—C24	0.29 (18)
C1—S1—C15—C16	−79.31 (9)	C18—C17—C22—C21	−1.20 (17)
C1—C2—C3—C4	175.75 (11)	C18—C17—C22—C23	−178.95 (11)
C1—C2—C7—C6	−176.90 (11)	C18—C19—C20—C21	−1.3 (2)
C2—C3—C4—C5	1.1 (2)	C19—C20—C21—C22	0.8 (2)
C3—C2—C7—C6	−0.05 (18)	C20—C21—C22—C17	0.42 (19)
C3—C4—C5—C6	0.0 (2)	C20—C21—C22—C23	178.16 (12)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−1.2 (2)	C21—C22—C23—C24	−177.45 (11)
C5—C6—C7—C2	1.19 (19)	C22—C17—C18—C19	0.77 (17)
C7—C2—C3—C4	−1.10 (19)	C22—C23—C24—C25	178.59 (11)
C8—S2—C15—S1	−73.63 (8)	C22—C23—C24—C29	−0.23 (18)
C8—S2—C15—C16	155.73 (9)	C23—C24—C25—C26	−178.85 (12)
C8—C9—C10—C11	−174.81 (12)	C23—C24—C29—C16	0.27 (17)
C8—C9—C14—C13	175.49 (13)	C23—C24—C29—C28	179.19 (11)
C9—C10—C11—C12	−0.7 (2)	C24—C25—C26—C27	−0.2 (2)
C10—C9—C14—C13	−0.3 (2)	C25—C24—C29—C16	−178.55 (11)
C10—C11—C12—C13	−0.3 (2)	C25—C24—C29—C28	0.37 (16)
C11—C12—C13—C14	1.0 (2)	C25—C26—C27—C28	0.1 (2)
C12—C13—C14—C9	−0.8 (2)	C26—C27—C28—C29	0.2 (2)
C14—C9—C10—C11	1.00 (19)	C27—C28—C29—C16	178.40 (12)
C15—S1—C1—C2	−169.19 (8)	C27—C28—C29—C24	−0.46 (17)
C15—S2—C8—C9	−47.89 (12)	C29—C16—C17—C18	178.91 (11)
C15—C16—C17—C18	3.46 (17)	C29—C16—C17—C22	0.44 (16)
C15—C16—C17—C22	−175.01 (10)	C29—C24—C25—C26	−0.04 (19)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

Cg is the centroid of the C16/C17/C22–C24/C29 ring.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
C21—H21···C16ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.775 (17)	3.7095 (17)	167.6 (13)
C21—H21···C17ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.856 (17)	3.7737 (18)	162.6 (13)
C21—H21···C29ⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.816 (17)	3.6338 (17)	144.7 (12)
C21—H21···Cgⁱ	0.951 (17)	2.519 (18)	3.4116 (14)	156.3 (13)
C14—H14···C24ⁱⁱ	0.976 (17)	2.741 (18)	3.5982 (19)	146.9 (13)
C1—H1B···C9ⁱⁱⁱ	0.972 (16)	2.847 (16)	3.8023 (17)	168.0 (12)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) x, y−1, z.

cyclo-Dodecakis(µ₂-phenylmethanethiolato-κ²S:S)hexapalladium(6 Pd—Pd)–anthracene-9,10-dione (1/1) (mo_b0283_0m) top

Crystal data top

[Pd₆(C₇H₇S)₁₂]·C₁₄H₈O₂	Z = 1
M_r = 2324.83	F(000) = 1164
Triclinic, P1	D_x = 1.699 Mg m⁻³
a = 12.4037 (6) Å	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
b = 13.2255 (6) Å	Cell parameters from 9790 reflections
c = 14.7347 (7) Å	θ = 2.4–27.2°
α = 109.842 (2)°	µ = 1.49 mm⁻¹
β = 91.616 (2)°	T = 100 K
γ = 91.191 (2)°	Block, yellow
V = 2271.56 (19) Å³	0.33 × 0.24 × 0.18 mm

Data collection top

Bruker D8 Venture diffractometer	10078 independent reflections
Radiation source: microfocus sealed X-ray tube, Incoatec Iµs	9452 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
HELIOS mirror optics monochromator	R_int = 0.028
Detector resolution: 10.4167 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 27.3°, θ_min = 2.3°
φ and ω scans	h = −15→15
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2016)	k = −16→16
T_min = 0.300, T_max = 0.333	l = −18→18
109169 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.019	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F²) = 0.048	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0198P)² + 2.3315P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.10	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.003
10078 reflections	Δρ_max = 1.20 e Å⁻³
532 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.79 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Special details top

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Pd1	0.44100 (2)		0.57757 (2)	0.01264 (3)
Pd2	0.67651 (2)		0.61284 (2)	0.01273 (4)
Pd3	0.74009 (2)		0.53617 (2)	0.01294 (4)
S1	0.27073 (4)		0.62062 (3)	0.01475 (8)
S2	0.53960 (4)		0.71742 (3)	0.01514 (8)
S3	0.61070 (4)		0.53538 (3)	0.01522 (9)
S4	0.74917 (4)		0.69054 (3)	0.01469 (8)
S5	0.79906 (4)		0.49857 (3)	0.01519 (9)
S6	0.65044 (4)		0.56887 (3)	0.01522 (9)
C1	0.28536 (15)		0.71060 (13)	0.0183 (4)
H1A	0.2914		0.6773	0.022*
H1B	0.3521		0.7508	0.022*
C2	0.18968 (15)		0.77377 (13)	0.0183 (4)
C3	0.18149 (16)		0.84843 (14)	0.0232 (4)
H3	0.2364		0.8586	0.028*
C4	0.09401 (19)		0.90784 (15)	0.0306 (5)
H4	0.0897		0.9589	0.037*
C5	0.01266 (18)		0.89271 (17)	0.0344 (5)
H5	−0.0477		0.9330	0.041*
C6	0.01964 (17)		0.81929 (17)	0.0307 (5)
H6	−0.0359		0.8090	0.037*
C7	0.10780 (16)		0.75997 (15)	0.0229 (4)
H7	0.1121		0.7096	0.027*
C8	0.57745 (16)		0.77333 (14)	0.0200 (4)
H8A	0.6094		0.7244	0.024*
H8B	0.5121		0.7966	0.024*
C9	0.65716 (16)		0.85634 (14)	0.0204 (4)
C10	0.76764 (18)		0.84224 (17)	0.0292 (5)
H10	0.7929		0.7797	0.035*
C11	0.8405 (2)		0.9192 (2)	0.0423 (6)
H11	0.9157		0.9094	0.051*
C12	0.8046 (2)		1.0104 (2)	0.0457 (7)
H12	0.8550		1.0630	0.055*
C13	0.6952 (2)		1.02487 (17)	0.0410 (6)
H13	0.6705		1.0875	0.049*
C14	0.6216 (2)		0.94840 (15)	0.0286 (5)
H14	0.5465		0.9586	0.034*
C15	0.62522 (16)		0.40406 (13)	0.0186 (4)
H15A	0.6840		0.3891	0.022*
H15B	0.5575		0.3726	0.022*
C16	0.65046 (15)		0.36623 (13)	0.0173 (4)
C17	0.74129 (16)		0.31192 (14)	0.0217 (4)
H17	0.7869		0.2981	0.026*
C18	0.76570 (19)		0.27772 (15)	0.0297 (5)
H18	0.8279		0.2408	0.036*
C19	0.6997 (2)		0.29739 (15)	0.0346 (6)
H19	0.7169		0.2751	0.042*
C20	0.6084 (2)		0.34971 (15)	0.0317 (5)
H20	0.5623		0.3621	0.038*
C21	0.58351 (18)		0.38428 (14)	0.0236 (4)
H21	0.5207		0.4204	0.028*
C22	0.65300 (15)		0.77154 (13)	0.0173 (4)
H22A	0.5908		0.7803	0.021*
H22B	0.6257		0.7433	0.021*
C23	0.71036 (15)		0.86724 (13)	0.0170 (4)
C24	0.76401 (17)		0.88386 (15)	0.0238 (4)
H24	0.7644		0.8345	0.029*
C25	0.81688 (19)		0.97204 (17)	0.0337 (5)
H25	0.8541		0.9827	0.040*
C26	0.8154 (2)		1.04440 (16)	0.0379 (6)
H26	0.8503		1.1053	0.046*
C27	0.7634 (2)		1.02844 (16)	0.0351 (5)
H27	0.7632		1.0781	0.042*
C28	0.71125 (17)		0.93983 (15)	0.0250 (4)
H28	0.6760		0.9289	0.030*
C29	0.93066 (15)		0.55928 (15)	0.0193 (4)
H29A	0.9376		0.6184	0.023*
H29B	0.9887		0.5161	0.023*
C30	0.94446 (14)		0.58605 (13)	0.0161 (3)
C31	0.99352 (16)		0.67410 (14)	0.0219 (4)
H31	1.0152		0.7183	0.026*
C32	1.01116 (18)		0.69817 (15)	0.0271 (4)
H32	1.0455		0.7585	0.033*
C33	0.97909 (17)		0.63512 (16)	0.0249 (4)
H33	0.9920		0.6516	0.030*
C34	0.92801 (17)		0.54779 (15)	0.0237 (4)
H34	0.9045		0.5046	0.028*
C35	0.91107 (16)		0.52327 (14)	0.0206 (4)
H35	0.8763		0.4630	0.025*
C36	0.74754 (16)		0.55010 (14)	0.0204 (4)
H36A	0.7085		0.5319	0.025*
H36B	0.7954		0.4971	0.025*
C37	0.81360 (15)		0.64207 (14)	0.0185 (4)
C38	0.78166 (18)		0.70989 (15)	0.0257 (4)
H38	0.7179		0.6978	0.031*
C39	0.8426 (2)		0.79530 (16)	0.0317 (5)
H39	0.8201		0.8413	0.038*
C40	0.93562 (19)		0.81318 (16)	0.0319 (5)
H40	0.9777		0.8710	0.038*
C41	0.96730 (17)		0.74663 (16)	0.0287 (5)
H41	1.0310		0.7590	0.034*
C42	0.90628 (16)		0.66178 (15)	0.0225 (4)
H42	0.9281		0.6168	0.027*
O1	0.40792 (18)		0.82446 (14)	0.0565 (5)
C43	0.44804 (19)		0.90584 (17)	0.0368 (6)
C44	0.50130 (18)		0.92599 (16)	0.0339 (5)
C45	0.55287 (18)		1.01771 (17)	0.0345 (5)
C46	0.6016 (2)		1.03389 (19)	0.0461 (7)
H46	0.6360		1.0951	0.055*
C47	0.6028 (2)		0.9611 (2)	0.0513 (7)
H47	0.6372		0.9730	0.062*
C48	0.5518 (2)		0.8727 (2)	0.0460 (6)
H48	0.5495		0.8238	0.055*
C49	0.50413 (19)		0.85410 (16)	0.0323 (5)
H49	0.4733		0.7918	0.039*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Pd1	0.01360 (7)	0.01177 (6)	0.01328 (6)	0.00124 (5)	0.00019 (5)	0.00521 (5)
Pd2	0.01367 (7)	0.01141 (6)	0.01350 (6)	0.00108 (5)	−0.00006 (5)	0.00477 (5)
Pd3	0.01424 (7)	0.01067 (6)	0.01404 (7)	0.00100 (5)	0.00019 (5)	0.00438 (5)
S1	0.0155 (2)	0.0137 (2)	0.0150 (2)	0.00133 (16)	0.00174 (16)	0.00482 (16)
S2	0.0157 (2)	0.0155 (2)	0.0145 (2)	0.00187 (16)	0.00014 (16)	0.00552 (16)
S3	0.0163 (2)	0.0148 (2)	0.0164 (2)	0.00159 (16)	0.00165 (16)	0.00749 (16)
S4	0.0163 (2)	0.0140 (2)	0.0142 (2)	0.00107 (16)	−0.00068 (16)	0.00557 (16)
S5	0.0169 (2)	0.01204 (19)	0.0169 (2)	0.00067 (16)	0.00173 (16)	0.00513 (16)
S6	0.0175 (2)	0.0136 (2)	0.0157 (2)	0.00024 (16)	−0.00150 (16)	0.00665 (16)
C1	0.0190 (9)	0.0196 (9)	0.0184 (9)	0.0021 (7)	0.0018 (7)	0.0092 (7)
C2	0.0168 (9)	0.0238 (9)	0.0170 (9)	0.0006 (7)	−0.0003 (7)	0.0106 (7)
C3	0.0221 (10)	0.0253 (10)	0.0210 (10)	0.0006 (8)	−0.0003 (8)	0.0064 (8)
C4	0.0321 (12)	0.0398 (13)	0.0195 (10)	0.0128 (10)	0.0042 (8)	0.0085 (9)
C5	0.0225 (11)	0.0615 (16)	0.0314 (12)	0.0134 (10)	0.0113 (9)	0.0301 (12)
C6	0.0178 (10)	0.0461 (14)	0.0401 (13)	−0.0043 (9)	−0.0012 (9)	0.0306 (11)
C7	0.0221 (10)	0.0254 (10)	0.0246 (10)	−0.0031 (8)	−0.0029 (8)	0.0135 (8)
C8	0.0243 (10)	0.0144 (9)	0.0191 (9)	0.0036 (7)	−0.0010 (7)	0.0031 (7)
C9	0.0262 (10)	0.0123 (8)	0.0198 (9)	0.0027 (7)	−0.0018 (8)	0.0017 (7)
C10	0.0268 (11)	0.0276 (11)	0.0319 (11)	−0.0027 (9)	−0.0033 (9)	0.0089 (9)
C11	0.0315 (13)	0.0372 (13)	0.0557 (16)	−0.0077 (10)	−0.0188 (12)	0.0148 (12)
C12	0.0607 (18)	0.0309 (13)	0.0402 (14)	−0.0060 (12)	−0.0312 (13)	0.0081 (11)
C13	0.0710 (19)	0.0274 (12)	0.0195 (11)	0.0039 (12)	−0.0085 (11)	0.0020 (9)
C14	0.0393 (12)	0.0232 (10)	0.0203 (10)	0.0076 (9)	0.0028 (9)	0.0029 (8)
C15	0.0225 (9)	0.0179 (9)	0.0170 (9)	0.0036 (7)	0.0036 (7)	0.0076 (7)
C16	0.0202 (9)	0.0180 (9)	0.0146 (8)	0.0011 (7)	−0.0029 (7)	0.0067 (7)
C17	0.0230 (10)	0.0251 (10)	0.0180 (9)	0.0002 (8)	−0.0010 (7)	0.0090 (8)
C18	0.0390 (12)	0.0334 (12)	0.0173 (9)	−0.0142 (10)	−0.0016 (9)	0.0104 (9)
C19	0.0666 (17)	0.0205 (10)	0.0180 (10)	−0.0128 (10)	−0.0086 (10)	0.0099 (8)
C20	0.0575 (15)	0.0172 (10)	0.0192 (10)	0.0096 (10)	−0.0094 (10)	0.0051 (8)
C21	0.0314 (11)	0.0207 (10)	0.0183 (9)	0.0063 (8)	−0.0022 (8)	0.0062 (8)
C22	0.0169 (9)	0.0187 (9)	0.0179 (9)	0.0002 (7)	0.0000 (7)	0.0082 (7)
C23	0.0165 (9)	0.0203 (9)	0.0156 (8)	−0.0013 (7)	0.0032 (7)	0.0077 (7)
C24	0.0254 (10)	0.0256 (10)	0.0224 (10)	0.0019 (8)	0.0007 (8)	0.0108 (8)
C25	0.0325 (12)	0.0444 (14)	0.0322 (12)	−0.0009 (10)	−0.0055 (9)	0.0243 (11)
C26	0.0393 (13)	0.0556 (16)	0.0218 (11)	−0.0131 (12)	−0.0089 (9)	0.0186 (11)
C27	0.0419 (13)	0.0369 (13)	0.0187 (10)	−0.0124 (10)	0.0015 (9)	0.0000 (9)
C28	0.0284 (11)	0.0220 (10)	0.0223 (10)	−0.0013 (8)	0.0041 (8)	0.0042 (8)
C29	0.0146 (9)	0.0156 (9)	0.0286 (10)	0.0010 (7)	0.0001 (7)	0.0089 (8)
C30	0.0127 (8)	0.0150 (8)	0.0221 (9)	0.0014 (7)	0.0036 (7)	0.0079 (7)
C31	0.0222 (10)	0.0226 (10)	0.0234 (10)	−0.0014 (8)	−0.0026 (8)	0.0113 (8)
C32	0.0318 (11)	0.0228 (10)	0.0233 (10)	−0.0062 (8)	−0.0042 (8)	0.0042 (8)
C33	0.0271 (10)	0.0141 (9)	0.0324 (11)	−0.0021 (8)	0.0020 (8)	0.0066 (8)
C34	0.0259 (10)	0.0201 (10)	0.0294 (10)	−0.0001 (8)	−0.0004 (8)	0.0141 (8)
C35	0.0231 (10)	0.0181 (9)	0.0212 (9)	−0.0033 (7)	−0.0032 (7)	0.0081 (8)
C36	0.0252 (10)	0.0139 (9)	0.0214 (9)	0.0035 (7)	−0.0040 (8)	0.0051 (7)
C37	0.0203 (9)	0.0158 (9)	0.0197 (9)	0.0054 (7)	−0.0010 (7)	0.0062 (7)
C38	0.0268 (11)	0.0240 (10)	0.0296 (11)	0.0023 (8)	−0.0008 (8)	0.0136 (9)
C39	0.0426 (13)	0.0329 (12)	0.0248 (11)	0.0110 (10)	0.0012 (9)	0.0161 (9)
C40	0.0358 (12)	0.0333 (12)	0.0226 (10)	0.0122 (10)	−0.0092 (9)	0.0046 (9)
C41	0.0213 (10)	0.0270 (11)	0.0325 (11)	0.0030 (8)	−0.0057 (8)	0.0036 (9)
C42	0.0207 (10)	0.0217 (10)	0.0250 (10)	0.0042 (8)	0.0008 (8)	0.0075 (8)
O1	0.0614 (13)	0.0745 (15)	0.0344 (10)	−0.0014 (11)	−0.0080 (9)	0.0205 (10)
C43	0.0286 (12)	0.0586 (16)	0.0255 (11)	−0.0101 (11)	−0.0076 (9)	0.0186 (11)
C44	0.0256 (11)	0.0528 (15)	0.0261 (11)	−0.0107 (10)	−0.0017 (9)	0.0181 (10)
C45	0.0242 (11)	0.0483 (14)	0.0310 (12)	−0.0096 (10)	0.0036 (9)	0.0140 (11)
C46	0.0350 (13)	0.080 (2)	0.0313 (13)	−0.0133 (13)	−0.0103 (10)	0.0308 (14)
C47	0.0313 (14)	0.088 (2)	0.0444 (16)	0.0005 (14)	0.0021 (11)	0.0351 (16)
C48	0.0423 (15)	0.0525 (16)	0.0411 (14)	−0.0083 (12)	0.0014 (12)	0.0136 (13)
C49	0.0310 (12)	0.0455 (14)	0.0190 (10)	−0.0032 (10)	−0.0067 (9)	0.0099 (9)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Pd1—Pd2	3.1609 (2)	C19—H19	0.9500
Pd1—Pd3ⁱ	3.1139 (2)	C19—C20	1.381 (4)
Pd1—S1	2.3231 (5)	C20—H20	0.9500
Pd1—S2	2.3374 (5)	C20—C21	1.384 (3)
Pd1—S3	2.3281 (5)	C21—H21	0.9500
Pd1—S6ⁱ	2.3264 (5)	C22—H22A	0.9900
Pd2—Pd3	3.0892 (2)	C22—H22B	0.9900
Pd2—S2	2.3342 (5)	C22—C23	1.504 (2)
Pd2—S3	2.3154 (4)	C23—C24	1.394 (3)
Pd2—S4	2.3250 (4)	C23—C28	1.387 (3)
Pd2—S5	2.3277 (5)	C24—H24	0.9500
Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	3.1139 (2)	C24—C25	1.387 (3)
Pd3—S1ⁱ	2.3367 (5)	C25—H25	0.9500
Pd3—S4	2.3230 (5)	C25—C26	1.382 (4)
Pd3—S5	2.3197 (4)	C26—H26	0.9500
Pd3—S6	2.3264 (5)	C26—C27	1.380 (4)
S1—Pd3ⁱ	2.3367 (5)	C27—H27	0.9500
S1—C1	1.8402 (18)	C27—C28	1.390 (3)
S2—C8	1.8440 (19)	C28—H28	0.9500
S3—C15	1.8378 (19)	C29—H29A	0.9900
S4—C22	1.8411 (19)	C29—H29B	0.9900
S5—C29	1.8365 (19)	C29—C30	1.507 (2)
S6—Pd1ⁱ	2.3264 (5)	C30—C31	1.385 (3)
S6—C36	1.8434 (19)	C30—C35	1.396 (3)
C1—H1A	0.9900	C31—H31	0.9500
C1—H1B	0.9900	C31—C32	1.391 (3)
C1—C2	1.501 (3)	C32—H32	0.9500
C2—C3	1.398 (3)	C32—C33	1.383 (3)
C2—C7	1.392 (3)	C33—H33	0.9500
C3—H3	0.9500	C33—C34	1.384 (3)
C3—C4	1.386 (3)	C34—H34	0.9500
C4—H4	0.9500	C34—C35	1.385 (3)
C4—C5	1.390 (4)	C35—H35	0.9500
C5—H5	0.9500	C36—H36A	0.9900
C5—C6	1.376 (4)	C36—H36B	0.9900
C6—H6	0.9500	C36—C37	1.505 (3)
C6—C7	1.392 (3)	C37—C38	1.393 (3)
C7—H7	0.9500	C37—C42	1.389 (3)
C8—H8A	0.9900	C38—H38	0.9500
C8—H8B	0.9900	C38—C39	1.394 (3)
C8—C9	1.501 (3)	C39—H39	0.9500
C9—C10	1.394 (3)	C39—C40	1.382 (4)
C9—C14	1.396 (3)	C40—H40	0.9500
C10—H10	0.9500	C40—C41	1.383 (3)
C10—C11	1.384 (3)	C41—H41	0.9500
C11—H11	0.9500	C41—C42	1.389 (3)
C11—C12	1.384 (4)	C42—H42	0.9500
C12—H12	0.9500	O1—C43	1.240 (3)
C12—C13	1.382 (4)	C43—C44	1.470 (4)
C13—H13	0.9500	C43—C45ⁱⁱ	1.473 (4)
C13—C14	1.384 (3)	C44—C45	1.425 (3)
C14—H14	0.9500	C44—C49	1.383 (3)
C15—H15A	0.9900	C45—C43ⁱⁱ	1.473 (4)
C15—H15B	0.9900	C45—C46	1.354 (4)
C15—C16	1.501 (2)	C46—H46	0.9500
C16—C17	1.393 (3)	C46—C47	1.436 (5)
C16—C21	1.394 (3)	C47—H47	0.9500
C17—H17	0.9500	C47—C48	1.387 (4)
C17—C18	1.391 (3)	C48—H48	0.9500
C18—H18	0.9500	C48—C49	1.389 (4)
C18—C19	1.383 (4)	C49—H49	0.9500

Pd3ⁱ—Pd1—Pd2	122.696 (6)	C16—C15—S3	109.37 (13)
S1—Pd1—Pd2	133.948 (12)	C16—C15—H15A	109.8
S1—Pd1—Pd3ⁱ	48.255 (11)	C16—C15—H15B	109.8
S1—Pd1—S2	99.152 (16)	C17—C16—C15	120.28 (17)
S1—Pd1—S3	178.778 (16)	C17—C16—C21	118.90 (18)
S1—Pd1—S6ⁱ	81.998 (16)	C21—C16—C15	120.82 (18)
S2—Pd1—Pd2	47.378 (11)	C16—C17—H17	119.8
S2—Pd1—Pd3ⁱ	129.132 (12)	C18—C17—C16	120.5 (2)
S3—Pd1—Pd2	46.933 (11)	C18—C17—H17	119.8
S3—Pd1—Pd3ⁱ	132.454 (13)	C17—C18—H18	119.9
S3—Pd1—S2	81.033 (16)	C19—C18—C17	120.1 (2)
S6ⁱ—Pd1—Pd2	128.215 (13)	C19—C18—H18	119.9
S6ⁱ—Pd1—Pd3ⁱ	47.991 (11)	C18—C19—H19	120.2
S6ⁱ—Pd1—S2	174.139 (16)	C20—C19—C18	119.59 (19)
S6ⁱ—Pd1—S3	97.940 (16)	C20—C19—H19	120.2
Pd3—Pd2—Pd1	121.425 (6)	C19—C20—H20	119.6
S2—Pd2—Pd1	47.463 (11)	C19—C20—C21	120.8 (2)
S2—Pd2—Pd3	128.222 (12)	C21—C20—H20	119.6
S3—Pd2—Pd1	47.270 (12)	C16—C21—H21	119.9
S3—Pd2—Pd3	131.984 (12)	C20—C21—C16	120.1 (2)
S3—Pd2—S2	81.367 (16)	C20—C21—H21	119.9
S3—Pd2—S4	177.813 (17)	S4—C22—H22A	110.0
S3—Pd2—S5	98.089 (16)	S4—C22—H22B	110.0
S4—Pd2—Pd1	134.849 (12)	H22A—C22—H22B	108.4
S4—Pd2—Pd3	48.318 (11)	C23—C22—S4	108.39 (12)
S4—Pd2—S2	99.980 (16)	C23—C22—H22A	110.0
S4—Pd2—S5	80.756 (16)	C23—C22—H22B	110.0
S5—Pd2—Pd1	128.271 (13)	C24—C23—C22	120.23 (17)
S5—Pd2—Pd3	48.229 (11)	C28—C23—C22	120.67 (17)
S5—Pd2—S2	173.880 (17)	C28—C23—C24	119.10 (18)
Pd2—Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	115.879 (6)	C23—C24—H24	119.8
S1ⁱ—Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	47.884 (11)	C25—C24—C23	120.4 (2)
S1ⁱ—Pd3—Pd2	130.174 (12)	C25—C24—H24	119.8
S4—Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	132.157 (12)	C24—C25—H25	120.0
S4—Pd3—Pd2	48.373 (11)	C26—C25—C24	119.9 (2)
S4—Pd3—S1ⁱ	178.547 (16)	C26—C25—H25	120.0
S4—Pd3—S6	99.246 (16)	C25—C26—H26	119.9
S5—Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	125.043 (13)	C27—C26—C25	120.1 (2)
S5—Pd3—Pd2	48.449 (12)	C27—C26—H26	119.9
S5—Pd3—S1ⁱ	97.903 (16)	C26—C27—H27	120.0
S5—Pd3—S4	80.964 (16)	C26—C27—C28	120.1 (2)
S5—Pd3—S6	169.831 (17)	C28—C27—H27	120.0
S6—Pd3—Pd1ⁱ	47.990 (11)	C23—C28—C27	120.3 (2)
S6—Pd3—Pd2	124.764 (13)	C23—C28—H28	119.8
S6—Pd3—S1ⁱ	81.707 (16)	C27—C28—H28	119.8
Pd1—S1—Pd3ⁱ	83.862 (15)	S5—C29—H29A	109.2
C1—S1—Pd1	109.07 (6)	S5—C29—H29B	109.2
C1—S1—Pd3ⁱ	111.18 (6)	H29A—C29—H29B	107.9
Pd2—S2—Pd1	85.159 (15)	C30—C29—S5	111.89 (13)
C8—S2—Pd1	103.40 (6)	C30—C29—H29A	109.2
C8—S2—Pd2	106.26 (7)	C30—C29—H29B	109.2
Pd2—S3—Pd1	85.797 (15)	C31—C30—C29	119.56 (17)
C15—S3—Pd1	110.88 (7)	C31—C30—C35	118.78 (17)
C15—S3—Pd2	111.96 (6)	C35—C30—C29	121.64 (17)
Pd3—S4—Pd2	83.308 (15)	C30—C31—H31	119.8
C22—S4—Pd2	111.99 (6)	C30—C31—C32	120.31 (18)
C22—S4—Pd3	112.72 (6)	C32—C31—H31	119.8
Pd3—S5—Pd2	83.321 (15)	C31—C32—H32	119.7
C29—S5—Pd2	103.36 (6)	C33—C32—C31	120.59 (19)
C29—S5—Pd3	109.93 (6)	C33—C32—H32	119.7
Pd1ⁱ—S6—Pd3	84.020 (15)	C32—C33—H33	120.3
C36—S6—Pd1ⁱ	108.12 (6)	C32—C33—C34	119.45 (18)
C36—S6—Pd3	106.45 (7)	C34—C33—H33	120.3
S1—C1—H1A	109.6	C33—C34—H34	119.9
S1—C1—H1B	109.6	C33—C34—C35	120.10 (18)
H1A—C1—H1B	108.1	C35—C34—H34	119.9
C2—C1—S1	110.14 (13)	C30—C35—H35	119.6
C2—C1—H1A	109.6	C34—C35—C30	120.75 (18)
C2—C1—H1B	109.6	C34—C35—H35	119.6
C3—C2—C1	120.30 (17)	S6—C36—H36A	109.9
C7—C2—C1	121.12 (18)	S6—C36—H36B	109.9
C7—C2—C3	118.57 (18)	H36A—C36—H36B	108.3
C2—C3—H3	119.7	C37—C36—S6	108.93 (13)
C4—C3—C2	120.7 (2)	C37—C36—H36A	109.9
C4—C3—H3	119.7	C37—C36—H36B	109.9
C3—C4—H4	120.0	C38—C37—C36	120.57 (18)
C3—C4—C5	120.0 (2)	C42—C37—C36	120.61 (17)
C5—C4—H4	120.0	C42—C37—C38	118.81 (18)
C4—C5—H5	120.1	C37—C38—H38	119.8
C6—C5—C4	119.9 (2)	C37—C38—C39	120.4 (2)
C6—C5—H5	120.1	C39—C38—H38	119.8
C5—C6—H6	119.9	C38—C39—H39	119.9
C5—C6—C7	120.3 (2)	C40—C39—C38	120.1 (2)
C7—C6—H6	119.9	C40—C39—H39	119.9
C2—C7—C6	120.6 (2)	C39—C40—H40	120.1
C2—C7—H7	119.7	C39—C40—C41	119.8 (2)
C6—C7—H7	119.7	C41—C40—H40	120.1
S2—C8—H8A	109.5	C40—C41—H41	119.9
S2—C8—H8B	109.5	C40—C41—C42	120.2 (2)
H8A—C8—H8B	108.0	C42—C41—H41	119.9
C9—C8—S2	110.92 (13)	C37—C42—H42	119.7
C9—C8—H8A	109.5	C41—C42—C37	120.6 (2)
C9—C8—H8B	109.5	C41—C42—H42	119.7
C10—C9—C8	120.45 (18)	O1—C43—C44	120.5 (3)
C10—C9—C14	119.15 (19)	O1—C43—C45ⁱⁱ	120.3 (3)
C14—C9—C8	120.40 (19)	C44—C43—C45ⁱⁱ	119.2 (2)
C9—C10—H10	120.0	C45—C44—C43	120.8 (2)
C11—C10—C9	120.1 (2)	C49—C44—C43	119.5 (2)
C11—C10—H10	120.0	C49—C44—C45	119.6 (2)
C10—C11—H11	119.8	C44—C45—C43ⁱⁱ	120.0 (2)
C10—C11—C12	120.5 (3)	C46—C45—C43ⁱⁱ	120.6 (2)
C12—C11—H11	119.8	C46—C45—C44	119.4 (2)
C11—C12—H12	120.1	C45—C46—H46	119.1
C13—C12—C11	119.8 (2)	C45—C46—C47	121.9 (2)
C13—C12—H12	120.1	C47—C46—H46	119.1
C12—C13—H13	119.9	C46—C47—H47	121.4
C12—C13—C14	120.2 (2)	C48—C47—C46	117.2 (3)
C14—C13—H13	119.9	C48—C47—H47	121.4
C9—C14—H14	119.9	C47—C48—H48	119.2
C13—C14—C9	120.3 (2)	C47—C48—C49	121.6 (3)
C13—C14—H14	119.9	C49—C48—H48	119.2
S3—C15—H15A	109.8	C44—C49—C48	120.2 (2)
S3—C15—H15B	109.8	C44—C49—H49	119.9
H15A—C15—H15B	108.2	C48—C49—H49	119.9

Pd1—S1—C1—C2	152.50 (12)	C17—C18—C19—C20	−1.1 (3)
Pd1—S2—C8—C9	−170.66 (13)	C18—C19—C20—C21	1.3 (3)
Pd1—S3—C15—C16	121.75 (12)	C19—C20—C21—C16	−0.2 (3)
Pd1ⁱ—S6—C36—C37	175.62 (12)	C21—C16—C17—C18	1.1 (3)
Pd2—S2—C8—C9	−81.85 (14)	C22—C23—C24—C25	−179.93 (19)
Pd2—S3—C15—C16	−144.29 (11)	C22—C23—C28—C27	179.26 (19)
Pd2—S4—C22—C23	−132.34 (11)	C23—C24—C25—C26	0.8 (3)
Pd2—S5—C29—C30	−60.03 (14)	C24—C23—C28—C27	−1.1 (3)
Pd3ⁱ—S1—C1—C2	−116.78 (12)	C24—C25—C26—C27	−1.4 (4)
Pd3—S4—C22—C23	135.78 (11)	C25—C26—C27—C28	0.7 (4)
Pd3—S5—C29—C30	−147.68 (12)	C26—C27—C28—C23	0.5 (3)
Pd3—S6—C36—C37	86.64 (13)	C28—C23—C24—C25	0.5 (3)
S1—C1—C2—C3	−78.1 (2)	C29—C30—C31—C32	177.18 (19)
S1—C1—C2—C7	102.25 (18)	C29—C30—C35—C34	−177.65 (18)
S2—C8—C9—C10	93.6 (2)	C30—C31—C32—C33	0.6 (3)
S2—C8—C9—C14	−85.6 (2)	C31—C30—C35—C34	0.9 (3)
S3—C15—C16—C17	125.44 (16)	C31—C32—C33—C34	0.7 (3)
S3—C15—C16—C21	−54.9 (2)	C32—C33—C34—C35	−1.2 (3)
S4—C22—C23—C24	−89.47 (19)	C33—C34—C35—C30	0.4 (3)
S4—C22—C23—C28	90.15 (19)	C35—C30—C31—C32	−1.4 (3)
S5—C29—C30—C31	139.77 (16)	C36—C37—C38—C39	−179.55 (19)
S5—C29—C30—C35	−41.7 (2)	C36—C37—C42—C41	−179.97 (18)
S6—C36—C37—C38	92.23 (19)	C37—C38—C39—C40	−0.2 (3)
S6—C36—C37—C42	−86.4 (2)	C38—C37—C42—C41	1.3 (3)
C1—C2—C3—C4	−179.22 (18)	C38—C39—C40—C41	0.9 (3)
C1—C2—C7—C6	179.76 (18)	C39—C40—C41—C42	−0.4 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C5	−0.8 (3)	C40—C41—C42—C37	−0.7 (3)
C3—C2—C7—C6	0.1 (3)	C42—C37—C38—C39	−0.9 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6	0.6 (3)	O1—C43—C44—C45	176.5 (2)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−0.1 (3)	O1—C43—C44—C49	−1.6 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C2	−0.3 (3)	C43—C44—C45—C43ⁱⁱ	0.8 (4)
C7—C2—C3—C4	0.5 (3)	C43—C44—C45—C46	−179.7 (2)
C8—C9—C10—C11	179.8 (2)	C43—C44—C49—C48	−178.4 (2)
C8—C9—C14—C13	−179.77 (19)	C43ⁱⁱ—C45—C46—C47	179.3 (2)
C9—C10—C11—C12	0.5 (4)	C44—C45—C46—C47	−0.1 (4)
C10—C9—C14—C13	1.0 (3)	C45ⁱⁱ—C43—C44—C45	−0.8 (4)
C10—C11—C12—C13	0.0 (4)	C45ⁱⁱ—C43—C44—C49	−178.9 (2)
C11—C12—C13—C14	0.0 (4)	C45—C44—C49—C48	3.5 (4)
C12—C13—C14—C9	−0.6 (3)	C45—C46—C47—C48	0.0 (4)
C14—C9—C10—C11	−1.0 (3)	C46—C47—C48—C49	1.8 (4)
C15—C16—C17—C18	−179.22 (18)	C47—C48—C49—C44	−3.6 (4)
C15—C16—C21—C20	179.37 (18)	C49—C44—C45—C43ⁱⁱ	178.9 (2)
C16—C17—C18—C19	−0.1 (3)	C49—C44—C45—C46	−1.7 (3)
C17—C16—C21—C20	−0.9 (3)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2.

Footnotes

‡Current address: Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore 453552, MP, India.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Stéphanie Boullanger for recording the IR and NMR spectra.

Funding information

We are grateful to the region of Franche-Comté for funding a postdoctoral fellowship for A. Raghuvanshi (grant No. RECH-MOB15–000017).

References

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