Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and Hirshfeld surface characterization of nine-membered-ring-containing 9-meth­oxy-3,4,5,6-tetra­hydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione and its parent tetra­hydro­car­ba­zole

Flores, M.J.; Mai, B.; Tanski, J.M.

doi:10.1107/S2056989023007259

research communications

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 79| Part 9| September 2023| Pages 831-836

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259

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Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and Hirshfeld surface characterization of nine-membered-ring-containing 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione and its parent tetrahydrocarbazole

Maritza J. Flores,^a Brandon Mai ^a and Joseph M. Tanski ^a ^*

^aDepartment of Chemistry, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
^*Correspondence e-mail: jotanski@vassar.edu

Edited by D. Chopra, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, India (Received 24 July 2023; accepted 17 August 2023; online 23 August 2023)

9-Methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, C₁₃H₁₅NO₃, (I), and 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, C₁₃H₁₅NO, (II), represent the structures of a benzoazonine that contains a nine-membered ring and its parent tetrahydrocarbazole. The molecules of (I) pack together via strong amide N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding and weak C—H⋯O interactions, whereas the parent tetrahydrocarbazole (II) packs with C/N—H⋯π interactions, as visualized by Hirshfeld surface characterization.

Keywords: crystal structure; tetrahydrocarbazole; benzo[b]azonine; nine-membered ring; hydrogen bond.

CCDC references: 2289217; 2289218

1. Chemical context

The title compound 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I), was obtained as a by-product during the synthesis of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II). Compound (II) may be prepared by refluxing p-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride with cyclohexanone in methanol and an antimony catalyst (Kumar et al., 2014 ) or in ethanol with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as a catalyst (Siddalingamurthy et al., 2013 ). After isolating the tetrahydrocarbazole, the remaining aqueous methanol was set aside in a refrigerator for several days, from which a batch of light-yellow crystalline material was collected and found by X-ray crystallography, as well as spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis, to be the nine-membered-ring-containing compound (I). Benzo[b]azoninediones have been shown to be accesible via the enzymatic oxidative cleavage of indole carbon–carbon double bonds in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (Takemoto et al., 2004 ).

2. Structural commentary

The molecular structure of 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I) (Fig. 1), reveals that the molecule contains a nine-membered ring which includes an organic amide and a ketone group. IR spectroscopy corroborates these functional groups with a ketone C=O stretch at 1676 cm⁻¹, an amide C=O stretch shifted to lower energy at 1637 cm⁻¹, and an amide N—H stretch at 3198 cm⁻¹. The structure of the parent compound 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II), is shown in Fig. 2. Unlike related tetrahydrocarbazoles, such as unsubsituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (McMahon et al., 1997 ; Murugavel et al., 2008 ; Shukla et al., 2018 ), compound (II) crystallizes without disorder in the cyclohexene ring.

Figure 1
A view of 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I)

, with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level.

Figure 2
A view of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II)

, with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level.

3. Supramolecular features and Hirshfeld surface analysis

The molecules of (I) are held together in the solid state via a strong intermolecular amide N—H⋯O hydrogen bond and weak C—H⋯O interactions (Figs. 3 and 4, and Table 1). Specifically, the amide group hydrogen bonds to the O atom of the amide group on a neighboring molecule, i.e. N1—H1⋯O1ⁱ with a donor–acceptor distance of 2.8426 (12) Å, extending in a one-dimensional chain with graph-set notation C(4) (Fig. 3). The Hirshfeld surface calculated with CrystalExplorer21 was mapped over d_norm in the range from −0.5838 to 1.1871 a.u. (Spackman et al., 2021 ). The brightest red spot on the surface indicates the N1—H1⋯O1ⁱ hydrogen bond, the second most intense spot corresponds to the shorter C5—H5B⋯O2ⁱⁱ interaction, with a hydrogen–acceptor distance of 2.41 Å and a D—H⋯A angle of 138°, while the least intense spot corresponds to the longer C13—H13B⋯O2ⁱⁱⁱ interaction at a distance of 2.60 Å and with a D—H⋯A angle of 174° (Fig. 4 and Table 1). The two-dimensional fingerprint plots (Fig. 5) reveal that the most important interatomic contacts, summing to 97.3%, are H⋯H (51.3%), O⋯H/H⋯O (29.7%), C⋯H/H⋯C (15.2%), and N⋯H/H⋯N (1.1%). The large percentage contribution and forcep-shaped points in Fig. 5(c) indicate significant O⋯H interactions at less than the sum of the van der Waals radii, consistent with the presence of the conventional hydrogen-bond and C—H⋯O interactions being abundant points of contact on the surface.

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (I)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯O1ⁱ	0.87 (1)	1.99 (1)	2.8426 (12)	167 (1)
C5—H5B⋯O2ⁱⁱ	0.99	2.41	3.2085 (14)	138
C13—H13B⋯O2ⁱⁱⁱ	0.98	2.60	3.5793 (15)	174
Symmetry codes: (i) $[x, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (ii) $[x, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (iii) $[-x+1, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 3
A view of the packing in 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I)

. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level. [Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (ii) x, −y + $[{3\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (iii) −x + 1, y − $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ .]

Figure 4
Hirshfeld surface of 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I)

, mapped over d_norm, showing the N1—H1⋯O1ⁱ hydrogen bond and the weak C5—H5B⋯O2ⁱⁱ and C13—H13B⋯O2ⁱⁱⁱ interactions. [Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (ii) x, −y + $[{3\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (iii) −x + 1, y − $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ .]

Figure 5
(a) The full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I)

, and individual fingerprint plots for (b) H⋯H (51.3%), (c) O⋯H/H⋯O (29.7%), (d) C⋯H/H⋯C (15.2%), and (e) N⋯H/H⋯N (1.1%) contacts.

The molecules of (II) pack with a herringbone motif (Fig. 6). Although (II) contains an acidic proton, the structure does not exhibit conventional hydrogen bonding, nor any meaningful intermolecular C—H⋯O/N contacts. However, the Hirshfeld surface calculated with CrystalExplorer21, mapped over d_norm in the range from −0.2999 to 1.3163 a.u. (Spackman et al., 2021), reveals that the molecules interact via pairwise N—H⋯π and C—H⋯π interactions (Fig. 7). The brighter red spot on the top left of the surface indicates the N—H⋯π interaction N1—H1⋯Cg1ⁱ (Table 2), which is directed towards the C7–C12 ring on a neighboring molecule, in an offset fashion from the centroid towards C11, with the shortest contact to the ring being C11⋯H1 at a distance of 2.51 Å. The less intense red spot on the top right of the surface indicates the longer C—H⋯π ineraction C11—H11A⋯Cg2ⁱ (Table 2), which is directed towards the carbazole ring on a neighboring molecule, in an offset fashion from the centroid towards C1, with a C1⋯H11A distance of 2.65 Å. The Hirshfeld surface for (II) mapped over the shape-index property further confirms the blue bump shapes of the N/C—H⋯π donors on top and the red valleys of the acceptors on the face (Fig. 7) (Tan et al., 2019 ). The two-dimensional fiingerprint plots (Fig. 8) show that the most important interatomic contacts, summing to 100%, are H⋯H (63.7%), C⋯H/H⋯C (25.5%), O⋯H/H⋯O (7.5%), and N⋯H/H⋯N (3.3%) contacts. The points in the fingerprint plots in Figs. 8(b) and 8(c) indicate the significance of H⋯H and C⋯H interactions in (II) and the absence of intermolecular C—H⋯O/N contacts.

Table 2
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) for (II)

Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C7–C12 and N1/C1/C6/C7/C12 rings, respectively.

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N1—H1⋯Cg1ⁱ	0.88 (1)	2.41 (1)	3.2645 (11)	150
C11—H11A⋯Cg2ⁱ	0.95	2.61	3.5018 (12)	146
Symmetry code: (i) $[-x+{\script{3\over 2}}, y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 6
A view of the packing in 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II)

, showing via dashed lines the N1—H1⋯πⁱ and C11—H11A⋯πⁱ interactions. Displacement ellipsoids are shown at the 50% probability level. [Symmetry code: (i) −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ .]

Figure 7
Hirshfeld surface of 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II)

, mapped over d_norm, showing via dashed lines the N1—H1⋯πⁱ and C11—H11A⋯πⁱ interactions (left), and the surface mapped over the shape-index property. [Symmetry code: (i) −x + $[{3\over 2}]$ , y + $[{1\over 2}]$ , −z + $[{3\over 2}]$ .]

Figure 8
(a) The full two-dimensional fingerprint plot for 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II)

, and individual fingerprint plots for (b) H⋯H (63.7%), (c) C⋯H/H⋯C (25.5%), (d) O⋯H/H⋯O (7.5%), and (e) N⋯H/H⋯N (3.3%) contacts.

4. Database survey

A search for compounds similar to compound (I) in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016 ) found a single structure (CSD refcode COMBEO) which contains the nine-membered ring with an additional acetamide-containing group bridging the 3- and 5-position methylene C atoms of the title compound (Baranova et al., 2012 ). The additional bridging group in COMBEO positions the amide carbonyl and N—H groups cis to one another, with an O—C—N—H torsion angle of 7.37°, allowing for the formation of an R₂²(8) graph-set centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonding dimer, whereas in compound (I), they are oriented trans, with an O—C—N—H torsion angle of 170.69°, which precludes hydrogen bonding via a similar dimer, and (I) forms a one-dimensional hydrogen-bonding chain.

The structure of the unsubsituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole has been reported several times [refcodes LOJCIX01 (McMahon et al., 1997), LOJCIX (Murugavel et al., 2008), and LOJCIX02 (Shukla et al., 2018)], together with the simple 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole dervatives substituted at the 6-position with X = –F (PIGWOU), –Cl (PIGWAG) or –Br (PIGVIN) (Shukla et al., 2018), –CO₂Et (AHEMEF; Hökelek et al., 2002 ), and –NHC(O)Ph (MUDWIS; Laitar et al., 2009 ). The unsubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole and its halide derivatives share the same pairwise N—H⋯π and C—H⋯π interactions as found in (II), whereas in the –CO₂Et (AHEMEF) and –NHC(O)Ph (MUDWIS) derivatives, the carbazole N—H group hydrogen bonds intermolecularly with the carbonyl O atom.

5. Synthesis and crystallization

In a fashion similar to that reported previously in the literature (Kumar et al., 2014), equimolar amounts of (p-methoxyphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride (10 mmol, 1.746 g) and cyclohexanone (10 mmol, 1.04 ml) were added to a round-bottomed flask along with 10 mol% antimony trioxide as a catalyst (0.001 mol, 0.291 g) in methanol solvent (40 ml). The resulting mixture was refluxed in a mineral oil bath at 338 K overnight. The reaction mixture was then cooled to room temperature and quenched slowly with 10 ml of water and 10 ml of saturated sodium bicarbonate. The aqueous layer was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3 × 30 ml). The combined organic layer was dried overnight with anhydrous MgSO₄, filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure, yielding 740 mg (37%) of (II). The ¹H NMR data matched those reported previously in the literature. After isolating the tetrahydrocarbazole, the remaining aqueous methanol was set aside in a refrigerator for several days, from which a batch of faint-yellow crystalline material was collected and found by X-ray crystallography, as well as NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis, to be the nine-membered-ring compound 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione, (I), formed by the oxidative cleavage of the indole carbon–carbon double bond of the parent tetrahydrocarbazole 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole, (II).

6. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 3. H atoms on C atoms were included in calculated positions and refined using a riding model, with C—H = 0.95 Å and U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C) for aryl H atoms, C—H = 0.98 Å and U_iso(H) = 1.5U_eq(C) for methyl H atoms, and C—H = 0.99 Å and U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C) for methylene H atoms. The positions of the amide H atom in (I) and the amine H atom in (II) were found in difference maps and refined semi-freely using a distance restraint of N—H = 0.88 Å and U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(N).

Table 3
Experimental details

Experiments were carried out at 125 K with Mo Kα radiation using a Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer. Absorption was corrected for by multi-scan methods (SADABS; Bruker, 2013 ). Refinement was with 1 restraint. H atoms were treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement.

	(I)	(II)
Crystal data
Chemical formula	C₁₃H₁₅NO₃	C₁₃H₁₅NO
M_r	233.26	201.26
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Monoclinic, C2/c
a, b, c (Å)	16.0139 (8), 8.2743 (4), 8.5596 (4)	20.513 (2), 5.6374 (6), 18.783 (2)
β (°)	96.484 (1)	100.757 (2)
V (Å³)	1126.92 (9)	2133.9 (4)
Z	4	8
μ (mm⁻¹)	0.10	0.08
Crystal size (mm)	0.40 × 0.10 × 0.03	0.21 × 0.10 × 0.10

Data collection
T_min, T_max	0.91, 1.00	0.93, 0.99
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	27192, 3432, 2685	24248, 3249, 2619
R_int	0.038	0.030
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.715	0.715

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.040, 0.110, 1.04	0.042, 0.117, 1.03
No. of reflections	3432	3249
No. of parameters	158	140
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	0.37, −0.19	0.42, −0.18
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2013), SAINT (Bruker, 2013), SHELXT2018 (Sheldrick, 2015a ), SHELXL2017 (Sheldrick, 2015b ), SHELXTL2014 (Sheldrick, 2008 ), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ), and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020 ).

7. Analytical data for (I)

¹H NMR (Bruker Avance III HD 400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 1.84 (m, 4H, 2 CH₂), 2.25 (m, 2H, CH₂), 2.91 (m, 2H, CH₂), 3.86 (s, 3H, OCH₃), 7.02 (dd, 1H, C_arylH, J_ortho = 8.6 Hz, J_meta = 3.0 Hz), 7.05 (d, 1H, C_arylH, J_meta = 3.0 Hz), 7.16 (d, 1H, C_arylH, J_ortho = 8.6 Hz), 7.19 (br s, 1H, NH). ¹³C NMR (¹³C{¹H}, 100.6 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 24.42 (CH₂), 25.45 (CH₂), 32.56 (CH₂), 41.83 (CH₂), 55.72 (OCH₃), 112.87 (C_arylH), 117.99 (C_arylH), 126.58 (C_aryl), 130.50 (C_arylH), 140.89 (C_aryl), 159.37 (C_aryl), 176.49 (C=O)NH, 205.76 (C=O). IR (Thermo Nicolet iS50, ATR, cm⁻¹): 3197.85 (m, N—H str), 3004.02 (w, C_aryl—H str), 2936.23 (m, C_alkyl—H str), 2860.88 (w, C_alkyl—H str), 2834.53 (w, C_alkyl—H str), 1675.96 (s, C=O str), 1637.49 (s, amide C=O str), 1606.93 (m), 1586.93 (m), 1519.75 (m), 1494.23 (s), 1449.73 (m), 1436.91 (s), 1411.61 (m), 1334.69 (m), 1274.09 (s), 1255.42 (m), 1227.85 (s), 1208.66 (s), 1189.46 (m), 1166.34 (s), 1139.73 (s), 1108.74 (m), 1046.53 (m), 1031.85 (s), 948.63 (m), 919.84 (m), 895.70 (m), 856.17 (m), 827.82 (s), 811.89 (m), 793.28 (s), 745.79 (m), 718.67 (m), 688.02 (m), 624.27 (m), 604.18 (m), 580.24 (m), 531.09 (m), 497.82 (s), 462.99 (m), 432.18 (m). GC–MS (Agilent Technologies 7890A GC/5975C MS): M⁺ = 233.1 amu. Elemental analysis (CHN) carried out by Robertson Microlit Laboratories, Ledgewood, NJ, USA. Analysis calculated (%) for C₁₃H₁₅NO₃: C 66.94, H 6.48, N 6.00; found: C 66.58, H 6.57, N 5.92.

Supporting information

CCDC references: 2289217; 2289218

Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I, II. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259/dx2054sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259/dx2054Isup2.hkl

Structure factors: contains datablock II. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259/dx2054IIsup3.hkl

Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259/dx2054Isup4.cml

Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259/dx2054IIsup5.cml

checkCIF report

Computing details top

For both structures, data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2013); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2013); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2013); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT2018 (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2017 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: SHELXTL2014 (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL2014 (Sheldrick, 2008), OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009), and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020).

9-Methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione (I) top

Crystal data top

C₁₃H₁₅NO₃	F(000) = 496
M_r = 233.26	D_x = 1.375 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 16.0139 (8) Å	Cell parameters from 9966 reflections
b = 8.2743 (4) Å	θ = 2.6–30.5°
c = 8.5596 (4) Å	µ = 0.10 mm⁻¹
β = 96.484 (1)°	T = 125 K
V = 1126.92 (9) Å³	Needle, yellow
Z = 4	0.40 × 0.10 × 0.03 mm

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	3432 independent reflections
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube, Bruker APEXII CCD	2685 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.038
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 30.5°, θ_min = 2.6°
φ and ω scans	h = −22→22
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2013)	k = −11→11
T_min = 0.91, T_max = 1.00	l = −12→12
27192 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.040	Hydrogen site location: mixed
wR(F²) = 0.110	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.04	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0545P)² + 0.3033P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
3432 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max < 0.001
158 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.37 e Å⁻³
1 restraint	Δρ_min = −0.19 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
O1	0.11242 (5)	0.38292 (11)	0.51840 (9)	0.02220 (19)
O2	0.27855 (6)	0.62150 (11)	0.56201 (10)	0.0280 (2)
O3	0.47875 (5)	0.12590 (10)	0.65022 (10)	0.0253 (2)
N1	0.16638 (6)	0.25619 (12)	0.31640 (10)	0.01783 (19)
H1	0.1564 (9)	0.2229 (17)	0.2199 (14)	0.021*
C1	0.10773 (7)	0.34800 (14)	0.37727 (12)	0.0177 (2)
C2	0.04082 (7)	0.41965 (15)	0.26000 (13)	0.0213 (2)
H2A	−0.005196	0.463892	0.31533	0.026*
H2B	0.017052	0.33484	0.186381	0.026*
C3	0.07963 (7)	0.55581 (15)	0.16766 (13)	0.0217 (2)
H3A	0.106874	0.50615	0.081181	0.026*
H3B	0.033617	0.625756	0.119347	0.026*
C4	0.14461 (7)	0.66276 (14)	0.26519 (13)	0.0218 (2)
H4A	0.125394	0.681824	0.369587	0.026*
H4B	0.147046	0.768829	0.21239	0.026*
C5	0.23445 (7)	0.58971 (14)	0.28901 (13)	0.0204 (2)
H5A	0.236483	0.499036	0.214073	0.024*
H5B	0.274181	0.67316	0.259799	0.024*
C6	0.26634 (7)	0.52791 (14)	0.45201 (13)	0.0181 (2)
C7	0.29362 (7)	0.35427 (13)	0.47129 (12)	0.0163 (2)
C8	0.37105 (7)	0.32367 (13)	0.55989 (12)	0.0181 (2)
H8	0.401666	0.409546	0.613125	0.022*
C9	0.40292 (7)	0.16727 (14)	0.56963 (12)	0.0186 (2)
C10	0.35732 (7)	0.04099 (14)	0.49279 (13)	0.0208 (2)
H10	0.379971	−0.065242	0.496916	0.025*
C11	0.27931 (7)	0.06986 (14)	0.41066 (13)	0.0196 (2)
H11	0.247791	−0.017201	0.361538	0.024*
C12	0.24680 (6)	0.22611 (13)	0.39972 (12)	0.0161 (2)
C13	0.52750 (8)	0.25286 (16)	0.72746 (15)	0.0268 (3)
H13A	0.540945	0.332863	0.649661	0.04*
H13B	0.579679	0.20819	0.78132	0.04*
H13C	0.495377	0.304782	0.804483	0.04*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
O1	0.0201 (4)	0.0315 (5)	0.0149 (3)	0.0040 (3)	0.0016 (3)	0.0014 (3)
O2	0.0317 (5)	0.0223 (4)	0.0274 (4)	0.0051 (3)	−0.0073 (4)	−0.0077 (3)
O3	0.0179 (4)	0.0227 (4)	0.0332 (5)	0.0053 (3)	−0.0061 (3)	−0.0022 (3)
N1	0.0171 (4)	0.0211 (5)	0.0143 (4)	−0.0007 (3)	−0.0023 (3)	−0.0025 (3)
C1	0.0147 (5)	0.0205 (5)	0.0174 (5)	−0.0031 (4)	0.0000 (4)	0.0022 (4)
C2	0.0155 (5)	0.0287 (6)	0.0188 (5)	0.0002 (4)	−0.0027 (4)	0.0017 (4)
C3	0.0209 (5)	0.0249 (6)	0.0179 (5)	0.0018 (4)	−0.0032 (4)	0.0026 (4)
C4	0.0209 (5)	0.0205 (5)	0.0228 (5)	0.0027 (4)	−0.0036 (4)	0.0018 (4)
C5	0.0194 (5)	0.0203 (5)	0.0212 (5)	0.0008 (4)	0.0006 (4)	0.0032 (4)
C6	0.0140 (5)	0.0186 (5)	0.0212 (5)	0.0002 (4)	−0.0008 (4)	−0.0012 (4)
C7	0.0162 (5)	0.0171 (5)	0.0156 (4)	0.0013 (4)	0.0013 (4)	−0.0011 (4)
C8	0.0167 (5)	0.0184 (5)	0.0187 (5)	0.0009 (4)	0.0001 (4)	−0.0023 (4)
C9	0.0149 (5)	0.0214 (5)	0.0193 (5)	0.0033 (4)	0.0007 (4)	0.0004 (4)
C10	0.0211 (5)	0.0177 (5)	0.0237 (5)	0.0032 (4)	0.0028 (4)	−0.0011 (4)
C11	0.0207 (5)	0.0178 (5)	0.0202 (5)	−0.0010 (4)	0.0017 (4)	−0.0029 (4)
C12	0.0157 (5)	0.0194 (5)	0.0132 (4)	0.0005 (4)	0.0013 (3)	−0.0005 (4)
C13	0.0196 (5)	0.0281 (6)	0.0309 (6)	0.0020 (5)	−0.0053 (5)	−0.0029 (5)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

O1—C1	1.2361 (13)	C5—C6	1.5192 (15)
O2—C6	1.2177 (13)	C5—H5A	0.99
O3—C9	1.3705 (13)	C5—H5B	0.99
O3—C13	1.4260 (15)	C6—C7	1.5053 (15)
N1—C1	1.3570 (14)	C7—C12	1.3995 (15)
N1—C12	1.4218 (14)	C7—C8	1.4015 (15)
N1—H1	0.869 (12)	C8—C9	1.3901 (16)
C1—C2	1.5047 (15)	C8—H8	0.95
C2—C3	1.5463 (17)	C9—C10	1.3961 (16)
C2—H2A	0.99	C10—C11	1.3834 (16)
C2—H2B	0.99	C10—H10	0.95
C3—C4	1.5384 (16)	C11—C12	1.3930 (15)
C3—H3A	0.99	C11—H11	0.95
C3—H3B	0.99	C13—H13A	0.98
C4—C5	1.5526 (16)	C13—H13B	0.98
C4—H4A	0.99	C13—H13C	0.98
C4—H4B	0.99

C9—O3—C13	117.19 (9)	C4—C5—H5B	107.9
C1—N1—C12	122.17 (9)	H5A—C5—H5B	107.2
C1—N1—H1	118.8 (9)	O2—C6—C7	120.19 (10)
C12—N1—H1	118.8 (9)	O2—C6—C5	120.27 (10)
O1—C1—N1	122.53 (10)	C7—C6—C5	119.03 (9)
O1—C1—C2	121.33 (10)	C12—C7—C8	119.84 (10)
N1—C1—C2	115.85 (9)	C12—C7—C6	122.73 (9)
C1—C2—C3	109.33 (9)	C8—C7—C6	117.38 (9)
C1—C2—H2A	109.8	C9—C8—C7	119.81 (10)
C3—C2—H2A	109.8	C9—C8—H8	120.1
C1—C2—H2B	109.8	C7—C8—H8	120.1
C3—C2—H2B	109.8	O3—C9—C8	124.13 (10)
H2A—C2—H2B	108.3	O3—C9—C10	115.90 (10)
C4—C3—C2	115.34 (9)	C8—C9—C10	119.97 (10)
C4—C3—H3A	108.4	C11—C10—C9	120.30 (10)
C2—C3—H3A	108.4	C11—C10—H10	119.9
C4—C3—H3B	108.4	C9—C10—H10	119.9
C2—C3—H3B	108.4	C10—C11—C12	120.24 (10)
H3A—C3—H3B	107.5	C10—C11—H11	119.9
C3—C4—C5	114.03 (10)	C12—C11—H11	119.9
C3—C4—H4A	108.7	C11—C12—C7	119.74 (10)
C5—C4—H4A	108.7	C11—C12—N1	120.44 (10)
C3—C4—H4B	108.7	C7—C12—N1	119.81 (10)
C5—C4—H4B	108.7	O3—C13—H13A	109.5
H4A—C4—H4B	107.6	O3—C13—H13B	109.5
C6—C5—C4	117.52 (9)	H13A—C13—H13B	109.5
C6—C5—H5A	107.9	O3—C13—H13C	109.5
C4—C5—H5A	107.9	H13A—C13—H13C	109.5
C6—C5—H5B	107.9	H13B—C13—H13C	109.5

C12—N1—C1—O1	−15.63 (16)	C13—O3—C9—C8	−0.42 (16)
C12—N1—C1—C2	158.31 (10)	C13—O3—C9—C10	178.85 (10)
O1—C1—C2—C3	102.43 (12)	C7—C8—C9—O3	178.48 (10)
N1—C1—C2—C3	−71.59 (13)	C7—C8—C9—C10	−0.76 (16)
C1—C2—C3—C4	−38.86 (13)	O3—C9—C10—C11	178.79 (10)
C2—C3—C4—C5	82.68 (12)	C8—C9—C10—C11	−1.91 (16)
C3—C4—C5—C6	−108.22 (11)	C9—C10—C11—C12	2.07 (17)
C4—C5—C6—O2	−65.85 (14)	C10—C11—C12—C7	0.44 (16)
C4—C5—C6—C7	122.35 (11)	C10—C11—C12—N1	−179.54 (10)
O2—C6—C7—C12	142.88 (11)	C8—C7—C12—C11	−3.09 (15)
C5—C6—C7—C12	−45.31 (14)	C6—C7—C12—C11	174.17 (10)
O2—C6—C7—C8	−39.79 (15)	C8—C7—C12—N1	176.89 (9)
C5—C6—C7—C8	132.02 (10)	C6—C7—C12—N1	−5.85 (15)
C12—C7—C8—C9	3.25 (16)	C1—N1—C12—C11	132.57 (11)
C6—C7—C8—C9	−174.16 (10)	C1—N1—C12—C7	−47.40 (14)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1···O1ⁱ	0.87 (1)	1.99 (1)	2.8426 (12)	167 (1)
C5—H5B···O2ⁱⁱ	0.99	2.41	3.2085 (14)	138
C13—H13B···O2ⁱⁱⁱ	0.98	2.60	3.5793 (15)	174

Symmetry codes: (i) x, −y+1/2, z−1/2; (ii) x, −y+3/2, z−1/2; (iii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+3/2.

6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (II) top

Crystal data top

C₁₃H₁₅NO	F(000) = 864
M_r = 201.26	D_x = 1.253 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, C2/c	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 20.513 (2) Å	Cell parameters from 7271 reflections
b = 5.6374 (6) Å	θ = 2.2–30.5°
c = 18.783 (2) Å	µ = 0.08 mm⁻¹
β = 100.757 (2)°	T = 125 K
V = 2133.9 (4) Å³	Block, yellow
Z = 8	0.21 × 0.10 × 0.10 mm

Data collection top

Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer	3249 independent reflections
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube, Bruker APEXII CCD	2619 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	R_int = 0.030
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm^-1	θ_max = 30.5°, θ_min = 2.0°
φ and ω scans	h = −29→29
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2013)	k = −8→8
T_min = 0.93, T_max = 0.99	l = −26→26
24248 measured reflections

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.042	Hydrogen site location: mixed
wR(F²) = 0.117	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.03	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.0616P)² + 1.016P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
3249 reflections	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
140 parameters	Δρ_max = 0.42 e Å⁻³
1 restraint	Δρ_min = −0.18 e Å⁻³

Special details top

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
O1	0.87890 (4)	0.58856 (15)	0.58257 (5)	0.0314 (2)
N1	0.68765 (4)	1.06336 (16)	0.69736 (5)	0.02345 (19)
H1	0.6884 (6)	1.180 (2)	0.7285 (7)	0.028*
C1	0.63171 (5)	0.93481 (17)	0.66796 (5)	0.0209 (2)
C2	0.56378 (5)	0.97953 (19)	0.68306 (6)	0.0262 (2)
H2A	0.543971	1.11983	0.655501	0.031*
H2B	0.566248	1.011127	0.735341	0.031*
C3	0.52072 (5)	0.7590 (2)	0.66027 (6)	0.0269 (2)
H3A	0.533725	0.631075	0.696225	0.032*
H3B	0.473584	0.798258	0.659681	0.032*
C4	0.52847 (5)	0.6710 (2)	0.58520 (6)	0.0275 (2)
H4A	0.516861	0.800874	0.549615	0.033*
H4B	0.497181	0.538507	0.570449	0.033*
C5	0.59931 (5)	0.58670 (19)	0.58405 (6)	0.0232 (2)
H5A	0.606042	0.426696	0.605908	0.028*
H5B	0.606091	0.57628	0.533321	0.028*
C6	0.64860 (5)	0.75580 (17)	0.62552 (5)	0.01940 (19)
C7	0.71886 (5)	0.76989 (17)	0.62904 (5)	0.01899 (19)
C8	0.76363 (5)	0.63638 (18)	0.59683 (5)	0.0215 (2)
H8A	0.74878	0.505574	0.566186	0.026*
C9	0.83002 (5)	0.70122 (18)	0.61111 (5)	0.0229 (2)
C10	0.85231 (5)	0.89428 (19)	0.65691 (6)	0.0246 (2)
H10A	0.898194	0.93291	0.666406	0.03*
C11	0.80883 (5)	1.02892 (18)	0.68837 (6)	0.0241 (2)
H11A	0.824024	1.160428	0.718572	0.029*
C12	0.74189 (5)	0.96489 (17)	0.67422 (5)	0.02058 (19)
C13	0.85810 (6)	0.4022 (2)	0.53217 (6)	0.0298 (2)
H13A	0.896092	0.346117	0.512031	0.045*
H13B	0.823643	0.461442	0.492906	0.045*
H13C	0.840275	0.271001	0.556907	0.045*

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
O1	0.0224 (4)	0.0352 (4)	0.0378 (4)	0.0034 (3)	0.0089 (3)	−0.0030 (3)
N1	0.0257 (4)	0.0205 (4)	0.0244 (4)	−0.0018 (3)	0.0053 (3)	−0.0051 (3)
C1	0.0224 (5)	0.0199 (4)	0.0205 (4)	−0.0002 (3)	0.0037 (3)	0.0013 (3)
C2	0.0260 (5)	0.0254 (5)	0.0291 (5)	0.0012 (4)	0.0099 (4)	−0.0014 (4)
C3	0.0232 (5)	0.0307 (5)	0.0280 (5)	−0.0024 (4)	0.0080 (4)	−0.0010 (4)
C4	0.0211 (5)	0.0348 (6)	0.0259 (5)	−0.0015 (4)	0.0025 (4)	−0.0021 (4)
C5	0.0212 (4)	0.0255 (5)	0.0223 (5)	−0.0025 (4)	0.0024 (4)	−0.0027 (4)
C6	0.0199 (4)	0.0204 (4)	0.0174 (4)	−0.0001 (3)	0.0021 (3)	0.0011 (3)
C7	0.0208 (4)	0.0187 (4)	0.0168 (4)	−0.0006 (3)	0.0018 (3)	0.0016 (3)
C8	0.0220 (5)	0.0212 (4)	0.0207 (4)	0.0008 (4)	0.0028 (3)	−0.0002 (3)
C9	0.0207 (5)	0.0248 (5)	0.0235 (5)	0.0022 (4)	0.0049 (4)	0.0042 (4)
C10	0.0201 (4)	0.0267 (5)	0.0260 (5)	−0.0040 (4)	0.0018 (4)	0.0059 (4)
C11	0.0256 (5)	0.0220 (5)	0.0233 (5)	−0.0052 (4)	0.0010 (4)	0.0009 (4)
C12	0.0227 (4)	0.0191 (4)	0.0194 (4)	−0.0010 (3)	0.0025 (3)	0.0013 (3)
C13	0.0307 (5)	0.0322 (6)	0.0282 (5)	0.0082 (4)	0.0097 (4)	0.0025 (4)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

O1—C9	1.3772 (12)	C5—C6	1.4979 (14)
O1—C13	1.4251 (15)	C5—H5A	0.99
N1—C1	1.3822 (13)	C5—H5B	0.99
N1—C12	1.3841 (13)	C6—C7	1.4327 (13)
N1—H1	0.878 (12)	C7—C8	1.4083 (13)
C1—C6	1.3700 (14)	C7—C12	1.4150 (13)
C1—C2	1.4944 (14)	C8—C9	1.3870 (14)
C2—C3	1.5387 (15)	C8—H8A	0.95
C2—H2A	0.99	C9—C10	1.4096 (15)
C2—H2B	0.99	C10—C11	1.3848 (15)
C3—C4	1.5309 (15)	C10—H10A	0.95
C3—H3A	0.99	C11—C12	1.3964 (14)
C3—H3B	0.99	C11—H11A	0.95
C4—C5	1.5329 (15)	C13—H13A	0.98
C4—H4A	0.99	C13—H13B	0.98
C4—H4B	0.99	C13—H13C	0.98

C9—O1—C13	116.68 (8)	C4—C5—H5B	109.6
C1—N1—C12	108.69 (8)	H5A—C5—H5B	108.1
C1—N1—H1	124.7 (9)	C1—C6—C7	107.08 (8)
C12—N1—H1	126.4 (9)	C1—C6—C5	123.50 (9)
C6—C1—N1	109.72 (9)	C7—C6—C5	129.41 (9)
C6—C1—C2	125.50 (9)	C8—C7—C12	120.09 (9)
N1—C1—C2	124.73 (9)	C8—C7—C6	132.97 (9)
C1—C2—C3	108.54 (9)	C12—C7—C6	106.93 (8)
C1—C2—H2A	110.0	C9—C8—C7	118.14 (9)
C3—C2—H2A	110.0	C9—C8—H8A	120.9
C1—C2—H2B	110.0	C7—C8—H8A	120.9
C3—C2—H2B	110.0	O1—C9—C8	124.27 (10)
H2A—C2—H2B	108.4	O1—C9—C10	114.63 (9)
C4—C3—C2	111.42 (9)	C8—C9—C10	121.09 (9)
C4—C3—H3A	109.3	C11—C10—C9	121.49 (9)
C2—C3—H3A	109.3	C11—C10—H10A	119.3
C4—C3—H3B	109.3	C9—C10—H10A	119.3
C2—C3—H3B	109.3	C10—C11—C12	117.76 (10)
H3A—C3—H3B	108.0	C10—C11—H11A	121.1
C3—C4—C5	112.03 (9)	C12—C11—H11A	121.1
C3—C4—H4A	109.2	N1—C12—C11	131.00 (10)
C5—C4—H4A	109.2	N1—C12—C7	107.57 (9)
C3—C4—H4B	109.2	C11—C12—C7	121.42 (9)
C5—C4—H4B	109.2	O1—C13—H13A	109.5
H4A—C4—H4B	107.9	O1—C13—H13B	109.5
C6—C5—C4	110.18 (9)	H13A—C13—H13B	109.5
C6—C5—H5A	109.6	O1—C13—H13C	109.5
C4—C5—H5A	109.6	H13A—C13—H13C	109.5
C6—C5—H5B	109.6	H13B—C13—H13C	109.5

C12—N1—C1—C6	−0.59 (11)	C12—C7—C8—C9	0.33 (14)
C12—N1—C1—C2	177.03 (9)	C6—C7—C8—C9	178.98 (10)
C6—C1—C2—C3	14.48 (14)	C13—O1—C9—C8	3.57 (15)
N1—C1—C2—C3	−162.77 (10)	C13—O1—C9—C10	−175.98 (9)
C1—C2—C3—C4	−46.60 (12)	C7—C8—C9—O1	−179.13 (9)
C2—C3—C4—C5	63.94 (12)	C7—C8—C9—C10	0.40 (15)
C3—C4—C5—C6	−42.77 (12)	O1—C9—C10—C11	178.46 (9)
N1—C1—C6—C7	0.80 (11)	C8—C9—C10—C11	−1.11 (16)
C2—C1—C6—C7	−176.80 (9)	C9—C10—C11—C12	1.03 (15)
N1—C1—C6—C5	−178.39 (9)	C1—N1—C12—C11	179.80 (10)
C2—C1—C6—C5	4.01 (16)	C1—N1—C12—C7	0.13 (11)
C4—C5—C6—C1	10.21 (14)	C10—C11—C12—N1	−179.93 (10)
C4—C5—C6—C7	−168.79 (10)	C10—C11—C12—C7	−0.29 (15)
C1—C6—C7—C8	−179.49 (10)	C8—C7—C12—N1	179.32 (9)
C5—C6—C7—C8	−0.36 (18)	C6—C7—C12—N1	0.36 (11)
C1—C6—C7—C12	−0.71 (11)	C8—C7—C12—C11	−0.39 (15)
C5—C6—C7—C12	178.41 (9)	C6—C7—C12—C11	−179.36 (9)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C7–C12 and N1/C1/C6/C7/C12 rings, respectively.

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N1—H1···Cg1ⁱ	0.88 (1)	2.41 (1)	3.2645 (11)	150
C11—H11A···Cg2ⁱ	0.95	2.61	3.5018 (12)	146

Symmetry code: (i) −x+3/2, y+1/2, −z+3/2.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Vassar College. X-ray facilities were provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: National Science Foundation (grant Nos. 0521237 and 0911324 to J. M. Tanski).

References

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 79| Part 9| September 2023| Pages 831-836

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989023007259

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research communications\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and Hirshfeld surface characterization of nine-membered-ring-containing 9-meth­­oxy-3,4,5,6-tetra­hydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione and its parent tetra­hydro­car­ba­zole

1. Chemical context

2. Structural commentary

3. Supra­molecular features and Hirshfeld surface analysis

4. Database survey

5. Synthesis and crystallization

6. Refinement

7. Analytical data for (I)

Supporting information

Acknowledgements

Funding information

References

research communications

Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and Hirshfeld surface characterization of nine-membered-ring-containing 9-methoxy-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[b]azonine-2,7-dione and its parent tetrahydrocarbazole

3. Supramolecular features and Hirshfeld surface analysis