research communications
catena-poly[[diaquadiimidazolecobalt(II)]-μ2-2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylato]
ofaToyota Central R&D Labs., Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan, and bDepartment of Chemistry, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0180, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: e1254@mosk.tytlabs.co.jp
The 8Br4O4)(C3H4N2)2(H2O)2]n or [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2(H2O)2]n, comprises half of CoII ion, tetrabromobenzenedicarboxylate (Br4bdc2−), imidazole (im) and a water molecule. The CoII ion exhibits a six-coordinated octahedral geometry with two oxygen atoms of the Br4bdc2− ligand, two oxygen atoms of the water molecules, and two nitrogen atoms of the im ligands. The carboxylate group is nearly perpendicular to the benzene ring and shows monodentate coordination to the CoII ion. The CoII ions are bridged by the Br4bdc2− ligand, forming a one-dimensional chain. The carboxylate group acts as an intermolecular hydrogen-bond acceptor toward the im ligand and a coordinated water molecule. The chains are connected by interchain N—H⋯O(carboxylate) and O—H(water)⋯O(carboxylate) hydrogen-bonding interactions and are not arranged in parallel but cross each other via interchain hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions, yielding a three-dimensional network.
of the title compound, [Co(CKeywords: crystal structure; cobalt; hydrogen bonding; tetrabromoterephthalate; imidazole.
CCDC reference: 2391124
1. Chemical context
Infinite assemblies of metal ions bridged by organic linkers, so-called metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers (CPs), are being actively investigated (Cheetham et al., 1999; Férey, 2008; Kitagawa et al., 2004; Rao et al., 2008; Yaghi, et al., 2019). Benzenedicarboxylate (bdc2− dianion), also known as terephthalate dianion, is a well-known linker that gives functional MOFs or CPs (Eddaoudi et al., 2002; Kurmoo 2009). We have not only been preparing electrode materials using terephthalate dianion and its analogues (Ogihara et al., 2014, 2017, 2023; Yasuda et al., 2014; Mikita et al., 2020) but also fine tuning the crystal structures and properties of MOFs and CPs using R4bdc2− dianions (R = H, F, Cl, Br) in which halogen atoms and metal ions are systematically varied (Kumagai et al., 2012, 2021). We have used 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy) or pyrazine (pyz) as co-ligands and have reported on the structure, thermal stability, and water adsorption/desorption properties of the resultant materials. In this contribution, we focused on using the Br4bdc2− dianion and imidazole (im) as a co-ligand instead of a pyz ligand in the synthesis of a CoII–Br4bdc2− dianion system to observe the structural change resulting from the substitution of im for pyz. Although the pyz ligand coordinates two metal centers linearly, one of the two nitrogen atoms of the im ligand is protonated and undergoes hydrogen-bonding interactions. Here, we report on the single-crystal structure and properties of [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2(H2O)2]. This is the first structural characterization of a metal complex having the Br4bdc2− dianion and im as a co-ligand.
2. Structural commentary
The title compound, [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2(H2O)2], consists of a CoII ion, a tetrabromobenzenedicarboxylate dianion (Br4bdc2−), two imidazole (im) molecules, and two water molecules. Its consists of half of a CoII ion, half of a Br4bdc2− dianion, an im molecule, and a water molecule. The key feature of the structure is a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogen-bonding network that consists of one-dimensional (1D) coordination chains built up by CoO4N2 octahedra bridged by Br4bdc2− ligands and interchain N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions. Fig. 1 shows the chain structure of [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2(H2O)2]. The CoII ion occupies a crystallographically special position, and each pair of Br4bdc2− ligands, water molecules, and im ligands coordinates trans to each other; the coordination environment is similar to that of a two-dimensional (2D) material synthesized from Br4bdc2− and pyz ligands, [Co(Br4bdc)(pyz)2(H2O)2] (Kumagai et al., 2021). The carboxylate group exhibits a monodentate coordination, and the benzene ring and the carboxylate group are nearly perpendicular dihedral angle = 90.5 (3)°]. The im ligand coordinates to the CoII ion via nitrogen atom N1 as a neutral imidazole ligand rather than as an imidazolate anion, and a hydrogen atom is attached to the remaining nitrogen atom N2. The Co—O3 (H2O) and Co—O1 (carboxylate) bond lengths in the title compound are 2.1006 (16) and 2.1678 (13) Å (Table 1), respectively, which are slightly longer than those [2.032 (3) Å and 2.096 (4) Å] for [Co(Br4bdc)(pyz)2(H2O)2] (Kumagai et al., 2021). However, the Co—N bond length of 2.0850 (18) Å is shorter than that of 2.273 (4) Å for [Co(Br4bdc)(pyz)2(H2O)2], in which the CoII ion shows an elongated octahedral environment, indicative of the compressed octahedron of the title compound (Kumagai et al., 2021). The angles around the CoII ion lie in the range 88.31 (6)–180.0°. The Co⋯Co separation defined by the Co–Br4bdc2−–Co connectivity within the chain is 11.69 Å, which is slightly longer than that for [Co(Br4bdc)(pyz)2(H2O)2] (11.24 Å; Kumagai et al., 2021).
3. Supramolecular features
In the 4bdc2− ligand act as hydrogen-bond acceptors (Fig. 2, Table 2). The coordinated water molecule exhibits not only intrachain hydrogen-bonding interactions with oxygen atom O2 of the carboxylate group not bound to a CoII ion but also interchain hydrogen-bonding interactions with the coordinated oxygen atom O1 of carboxylate group in the adjacent chain. Further interchain hydrogen-bonding interactions between the im ligands and coordinated oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups yield a 3D hydrogen-bonded network. The nearest centroid–centroid distance between the benzene ring and the im ligand, and the shortest C⋯C distance are 3.95 and 3.63 Å, respectively. These distances are indicative of some degree of π–π stacking interactions (Kruszynski & Sierański, 2019). The chains are not arranged in parallel but cross each other by hydrogen-bonding and π–π stacking interactions (Fig. 3) and appear to have a 1D-channel structure when viewed along the c axis (Fig. 4).
the im ligands and coordinated water molecules act as hydrogen-bond donors and the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group of Br4. Database survey
Although a search of the Sci Finder database for structures with a Br4bdc2− ion, an im ligand, and a CoII ion resulted in no complete matches, nor were any partially matched structures found. They are metal complexes composed of a Br4bdc2− ligand and benzimidazole derivatives (Zhang et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2015). A search of the Web of Science database for the keyword tetrabromoterephthalate led to NiII compounds that also contain a Br4bdc2− ligand and benzimidazole derivatives (Liu et al., 2015; Hao et al., 2020).
5. Synthesis and crystallization
An aqueous solution (5 mL) of cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate (0.35 g, 1.25 mmol) was transferred to a glass tube, and an ethanol–water mixture (5 mL) of 2,3,5,6-tetrabromobenzenedicarboxylic acid (0.60 g, 1.25 mmol), NaOH (0.10 g, 2.50 mmol), and imidazole (0.10 g, 1.25 mmol) was poured into the glass tube without the two solutions being mixed. Pink crystals began to form at ambient temperature in 1 week, one of which was used for the X-ray crystallography study.
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection, and structure . The non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. The hydrogen atom attached to a nitrogen atom of the im ligand and the water molecules were located in difference-Fourier maps. Other hydrogen atoms were placed in idealized positions and were refined using a riding model.
details are summarized in Table 3
|
7. Additional investigations
To assess the thermal properties of the title compound, we carried out a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The TGA curve is characterized by two weight-loss steps in the range 120–500°C (Fig. S1). The first weight loss of 6% was observed in the temperature range 120–160°C, and the second weight loss of 90% was observed in the range 200–470°C. The first weight loss corresponds to the loss of two coordinated water molecules to give the dehydrated phase, [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2]. The second weight loss is due to thermal decomposition of the compound. The DTG curve exhibited a sharp peak at 215°C. This result indicates that the compound is stable up to about 200°C. Electronic diffuse-reflectance spectra were recorded for as-synthesized [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2(H2O)2] and the dehydrated phase, [Co(Br4bdc)(im)2], obtained after heat treatment at 140°C. Because the compounds were not soluble in any solvent, we acquired the electronic diffuse-reflectance spectra of solid-state samples. After the heat treatment, a color change from pink to blue was observed and two strong absorption bands appeared at ∼480 nm and ∼1000 nm, indicating that the coordination environment of the six-coordinate CoII center had changed to a four-coordinate CoII environment as a result of the loss of coordinated water molecules (Fig. S2). In the IR spectrum, the characteristic band for the coordinated water molecules was observed as a broad band at 3340 cm−1; the band disappeared after the heat treatment (Fig. S3). This result is in good agreement with the TGA and electronic diffuse-reflectance spectra measurement results. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurements were conducted; however, almost no nitrogen was adsorbed. This lack of nitrogen adsorption is speculatively attributed to insufficient space for nitrogen molecules because of the large ionic radius of the bromine.
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 2391124
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989024009915/jp2013sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989024009915/jp2013Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989024009915/jp2013Isup3.cdx
Supplementary figures. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989024009915/jp2013sup4.pdf
[Co(C8Br4O4)(C3H4N2)2(H2O)2] | F(000) = 1356 |
Mr = 710.85 | Dx = 2.207 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71075 Å |
a = 18.8050 (7) Å | Cell parameters from 9142 reflections |
b = 12.2925 (6) Å | θ = 3.3–27.5° |
c = 10.8938 (5) Å | µ = 8.31 mm−1 |
β = 121.853 (3)° | T = 173 K |
V = 2138.97 (17) Å3 | Block, pink |
Z = 4 | 0.60 × 0.60 × 0.60 mm |
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 2277 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ω scans | Rint = 0.046 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Rigaku, 1995) | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.3° |
Tmin = 0.004, Tmax = 0.007 | h = −22→24 |
10419 measured reflections | k = −15→15 |
2448 independent reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
wR(F2) = 0.067 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.07 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0356P)2 + 0.8085P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2448 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
145 parameters | Δρmax = 0.61 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.59 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Br1 | 0.40878 (2) | 1.36557 (2) | 0.78290 (2) | 0.02796 (9) | |
Br2 | 0.30071 (2) | 1.49911 (2) | 0.46852 (3) | 0.03101 (10) | |
Co1 | 0.500000 | 1.000000 | 1.000000 | 0.01141 (10) | |
O1 | 0.40770 (8) | 1.08127 (12) | 0.80246 (14) | 0.0157 (3) | |
O2 | 0.31711 (10) | 1.14631 (14) | 0.85848 (17) | 0.0282 (4) | |
O3 | 0.41853 (11) | 1.01046 (14) | 1.0767 (2) | 0.0236 (4) | |
N1 | 0.44446 (11) | 0.85236 (14) | 0.90200 (19) | 0.0179 (3) | |
N2 | 0.34569 (13) | 0.73172 (17) | 0.7762 (2) | 0.0275 (4) | |
C1 | 0.34466 (12) | 1.13493 (16) | 0.7774 (2) | 0.0159 (4) | |
C2 | 0.29633 (12) | 1.19335 (16) | 0.6314 (2) | 0.0153 (4) | |
C3 | 0.31735 (12) | 1.29953 (17) | 0.6185 (2) | 0.0159 (4) | |
C4 | 0.27151 (13) | 1.35524 (16) | 0.4882 (2) | 0.0167 (4) | |
C5 | 0.47955 (14) | 0.76163 (19) | 0.8814 (3) | 0.0254 (5) | |
H5 | 0.537318 | 0.752777 | 0.915853 | 0.030* | |
C6 | 0.41879 (16) | 0.6861 (2) | 0.8039 (3) | 0.0329 (6) | |
H6 | 0.425979 | 0.616103 | 0.775114 | 0.039* | |
C7 | 0.36370 (14) | 0.8307 (2) | 0.8368 (2) | 0.0257 (5) | |
H7 | 0.323364 | 0.879232 | 0.833300 | 0.031* | |
H1 | 0.2999 (19) | 0.706 (2) | 0.733 (3) | 0.036 (8)* | |
H2 | 0.383 (2) | 1.050 (3) | 1.028 (3) | 0.032 (8)* | |
H3 | 0.418 (2) | 0.987 (2) | 1.139 (4) | 0.040 (9)* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Br1 | 0.02444 (15) | 0.02595 (15) | 0.01768 (14) | −0.00432 (8) | 0.00031 (11) | −0.00049 (8) |
Br2 | 0.03257 (17) | 0.02081 (15) | 0.02504 (16) | −0.00629 (8) | 0.00522 (13) | 0.00651 (8) |
Co1 | 0.00890 (19) | 0.0133 (2) | 0.0105 (2) | 0.00010 (12) | 0.00411 (16) | 0.00132 (12) |
O1 | 0.0144 (7) | 0.0176 (7) | 0.0121 (7) | 0.0044 (5) | 0.0050 (6) | 0.0030 (5) |
O2 | 0.0253 (8) | 0.0442 (10) | 0.0199 (8) | 0.0198 (7) | 0.0153 (7) | 0.0143 (7) |
O3 | 0.0199 (8) | 0.0337 (10) | 0.0229 (9) | 0.0100 (7) | 0.0151 (8) | 0.0135 (7) |
N1 | 0.0168 (8) | 0.0168 (9) | 0.0171 (8) | −0.0012 (7) | 0.0069 (7) | 0.0008 (6) |
N2 | 0.0229 (10) | 0.0309 (11) | 0.0267 (11) | −0.0149 (8) | 0.0116 (9) | −0.0068 (8) |
C1 | 0.0126 (9) | 0.0171 (10) | 0.0137 (10) | 0.0012 (7) | 0.0039 (8) | 0.0018 (7) |
C2 | 0.0128 (9) | 0.0188 (10) | 0.0144 (9) | 0.0051 (8) | 0.0073 (8) | 0.0031 (7) |
C3 | 0.0125 (9) | 0.0176 (10) | 0.0144 (9) | 0.0013 (7) | 0.0049 (8) | 0.0000 (7) |
C4 | 0.0181 (10) | 0.0140 (9) | 0.0175 (10) | 0.0015 (7) | 0.0090 (9) | 0.0024 (7) |
C5 | 0.0208 (11) | 0.0230 (11) | 0.0264 (12) | −0.0008 (9) | 0.0084 (10) | −0.0056 (9) |
C6 | 0.0358 (13) | 0.0267 (13) | 0.0335 (13) | −0.0074 (10) | 0.0165 (12) | −0.0107 (10) |
C7 | 0.0192 (11) | 0.0282 (12) | 0.0279 (12) | −0.0049 (9) | 0.0112 (10) | −0.0022 (10) |
Br1—C3 | 1.890 (2) | N1—C5 | 1.373 (3) |
Br2—C4 | 1.897 (2) | N2—C7 | 1.340 (3) |
Co1—N1i | 2.0850 (18) | N2—C6 | 1.363 (3) |
Co1—N1 | 2.0850 (18) | N2—H1 | 0.80 (3) |
Co1—O3i | 2.1006 (16) | C1—C2 | 1.531 (3) |
Co1—O3 | 2.1007 (16) | C2—C4ii | 1.388 (3) |
Co1—O1i | 2.1678 (13) | C2—C3 | 1.392 (3) |
Co1—O1 | 2.1678 (13) | C3—C4 | 1.392 (3) |
O1—C1 | 1.254 (2) | C5—C6 | 1.364 (3) |
O2—C1 | 1.246 (2) | C5—H5 | 0.9500 |
O3—H2 | 0.76 (3) | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
O3—H3 | 0.75 (4) | C7—H7 | 0.9500 |
N1—C7 | 1.320 (3) | ||
N1i—Co1—N1 | 180.00 (11) | C7—N2—H1 | 124 (2) |
N1i—Co1—O3i | 89.06 (7) | C6—N2—H1 | 128 (2) |
N1—Co1—O3i | 90.94 (7) | O2—C1—O1 | 127.11 (18) |
N1i—Co1—O3 | 90.94 (7) | O2—C1—C2 | 116.28 (17) |
N1—Co1—O3 | 89.06 (7) | O1—C1—C2 | 116.61 (16) |
O3i—Co1—O3 | 180.00 (4) | C4ii—C2—C3 | 118.53 (18) |
N1i—Co1—O1i | 88.31 (6) | C4ii—C2—C1 | 121.38 (18) |
N1—Co1—O1i | 91.69 (6) | C3—C2—C1 | 120.00 (17) |
O3i—Co1—O1i | 89.81 (6) | C4—C3—C2 | 120.56 (18) |
O3—Co1—O1i | 90.19 (6) | C4—C3—Br1 | 121.29 (15) |
N1i—Co1—O1 | 91.69 (6) | C2—C3—Br1 | 118.15 (14) |
N1—Co1—O1 | 88.31 (6) | C2ii—C4—C3 | 120.90 (18) |
O3i—Co1—O1 | 90.19 (6) | C2ii—C4—Br2 | 118.19 (15) |
O3—Co1—O1 | 89.81 (6) | C3—C4—Br2 | 120.90 (15) |
O1i—Co1—O1 | 180.0 | C6—C5—N1 | 109.6 (2) |
C1—O1—Co1 | 128.92 (12) | C6—C5—H5 | 125.2 |
Co1—O3—H2 | 109 (2) | N1—C5—H5 | 125.2 |
Co1—O3—H3 | 135 (3) | N2—C6—C5 | 106.0 (2) |
H2—O3—H3 | 117 (3) | N2—C6—H6 | 127.0 |
C7—N1—C5 | 105.28 (19) | C5—C6—H6 | 127.0 |
C7—N1—Co1 | 125.05 (15) | N1—C7—N2 | 111.6 (2) |
C5—N1—Co1 | 129.53 (14) | N1—C7—H7 | 124.2 |
C7—N2—C6 | 107.5 (2) | N2—C7—H7 | 124.2 |
Co1—O1—C1—O2 | −6.2 (3) | Br1—C3—C4—C2ii | −179.05 (15) |
Co1—O1—C1—C2 | 173.49 (12) | C2—C3—C4—Br2 | −178.98 (14) |
O2—C1—C2—C4ii | −87.3 (2) | Br1—C3—C4—Br2 | 1.6 (2) |
O1—C1—C2—C4ii | 93.0 (2) | C7—N1—C5—C6 | −0.2 (3) |
O2—C1—C2—C3 | 89.4 (2) | Co1—N1—C5—C6 | −176.08 (16) |
O1—C1—C2—C3 | −90.4 (2) | C7—N2—C6—C5 | −0.4 (3) |
C4ii—C2—C3—C4 | −0.3 (3) | N1—C5—C6—N2 | 0.4 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −177.08 (16) | C5—N1—C7—N2 | 0.0 (3) |
C4ii—C2—C3—Br1 | 179.07 (14) | Co1—N1—C7—N2 | 176.07 (15) |
C1—C2—C3—Br1 | 2.3 (2) | C6—N2—C7—N1 | 0.3 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C2ii | 0.4 (3) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) −x+1/2, −y+5/2, −z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C6—H6···Br1iii | 0.95 | 3.10 | 3.946 (3) | 149 |
N2—H1···O2iv | 0.80 (3) | 2.01 (3) | 2.808 (2) | 174 (3) |
O3—H2···O2 | 0.76 (3) | 1.99 (3) | 2.700 (2) | 155 (3) |
O3—H3···O1v | 0.75 (4) | 2.06 (4) | 2.809 (2) | 176 (4) |
Symmetry codes: (iii) x, y−1, z; (iv) −x+1/2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (v) x, −y+2, z+1/2. |
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