research communications\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Synthesis and structure of 1-{(E)-[(6-meth­­oxy­pyridin-2-yl)methyl­­idene]amino}-3-phenyl­thio­urea

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aDepartment of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610 005, India, bDepartment of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India, and cDepartment of Chemistry, Anna University Regional Campus, Madurai 625019, India
*Correspondence e-mail: [email protected]

Edited by W. T. A. Harrison, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom (Received 31 March 2026; accepted 19 April 2026; online 15 May 2026)

The title com­pound, C14H14N4OS, was crystallized at −20 °C by ether diffusion into an ethanol solution. The dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 38.19 (19)° and the mol­ecular conformation is supported by two intra­molecular N—H⋯N hy­dro­gen bonds. In the extended structure, N—H⋯O hy­dro­gen bonds link the mol­ecules into [011] chains. Hirshfeld surface analysis shows that H⋯H (44%), C⋯H/H⋯C (25%) and S⋯H/H⋯S (11.4%) contacts contibute the largest amounts.

1. Chemical context

Thio­semicarbazones, containing an –NH–(C=S)–NH=N– unit, are widely studied members of the Schiff base family: numerous articles discuss various synthetic strategies to pre­pare them and their applications, including optical devices, dyes, pharmaceuticals, biological activity, nanotechnology and catalytic activity (e.g. Nidhi et al., 2025View full citation; Kumar et al., 2022View full citation; Shahzad Munawar et al., 2018View full citation). The addition of a pyridin-2-yl moiety to these thio­semicarbazide frameworks can make them more effective in biological applications, such as anti­cancer, anti­microbial, anti­fungal, anti­viral and anti­bacterial activities (Zaware et al., 2025View full citation).

Triapine (3-amino­pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thio­semicar­bazone; C7H9N5S), an α-N-pyridyl­thio­semicarbazone, is a potent ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitor currently undergoing clinical trials (Finch et al., 1999View full citation), which is believed to function by chelating iron ions. COTI-2 is a third-generation thio­semicarbazone that has received FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) orphan drug designation for ovarian cancer. It is undergoing phase 1 clinical trials (Lindemann et al., 2019View full citation). Several metal–Schiff base com­plexes are being studied for their various biological activities (Bajaj et al., 2021View full citation; Pervaiz et al., 2024View full citation; Jiang et al., 2024View full citation; Karpagam et al., 2022View full citation).

[Scheme 1]

As part of our work in this area, we now describe the syn­thesis, structure and Hirshfeld surface of the title thio­semicarbazone, 1-{(E)-[(6-meth­oxy­pyridin-2-yl)methyl­idene]amino}-3-phenyl­thio­urea (I), formed from the condensation reaction of 6-meth­oxy­pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde and 4-phenyl thio­semicarbazide.

2. Structural commentary

Compound (I) consists of an o-substituted pyrid­yl–Schiff base moiety connected to the phenyl-substituted thio­semicarbazide unit through an azomethine bond. It crystallizes in the ortho­rhom­bic space group Pna21, with one mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit, as illustrated in Fig. 1[link]. The com­pound contains three main structural fragments, a meth­oxy-substituted pyridine ring, an imine linkage and a phenyl­thio­semicarbazide group. The imine bond, with a C7=N2 bond length of 1.287 (5) Å, adopts the expected E configuration for the carbon–nitro­gen bond, where the pyridyl ring is placed trans to the thio­semicarbazide N atom. The central chain adopts an extended conformation that allows partial electronic delocalization across the pyridine—C=N—N—C(=S)—NH—phenyl framework, as discussed previously for aryl-containing thio­semicarbazones (Palenik et al., 1974View full citation). The N3—N2 bond length in the thio­semicarbazide part is 1.360 (4) Å, which is shorter than the expected N—N single bond length (1.45 Å). Also, the C6—C7 bond length is 1.461 (5) Å, which is shorter than the usual C—C single bond length (1.54 Å), which suggests a partial double-bond character due to the conjugation with the imine group (Bhatia et al., 1977View full citation). Conversely, the thio­carbonyl bond, represented by C8—S1, shows a bond length of 1.658 (4) Å, which is longer than a typical C=S double bond length (1.56 Å), but much shorter than a typical C—S single bond length of 1.82 Å: this also confirms the extensive conjugation within the system.

[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The mol­ecular structure of (I), with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. Intra­molecular N—H⋯N hy­dro­gen bonds are shown as red dashed lines.

The dihedral angle between the C2–C6/N1 and C9–C14 aromatic rings is 38.19 (19)°. The C atom of the meth­oxy group attached to the ortho position of the pyridine ring is approximately coplanar with the aromatic ring [displacement = 0.080 (6) Å] and the N1—C2—O1 and C3—C2—O1 bond angles are 118.5 (3) and 117.1 (3)°, respectively. The C2(ar­yl)—O1 bond length is 1.353 (4) Å, whereas the O1—C1(meth­yl) bond length is 1.429 (5) Å: this difference is typical for meth­oxy-substituted aromatic systems (Jones & Shaw, 1992View full citation). Two intra­molecular N—H⋯N hy­dro­gen bonds (Table 1[link]) help to consolidate the mol­ecular conformation: the N3—H3⋯N1 hy­dro­gen bond closes an S(6) ring and the N4—H4⋯N2 hy­dro­gen bond an S(5) ring. A short C—H⋯S contact is also present.

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N3—H3⋯N1 0.89 (3) 1.99 (4) 2.662 (4) 131 (3)
N4—H4⋯N2 0.91 (4) 2.07 (5) 2.576 (5) 114 (4)
N4—H4⋯O1i 0.91 (4) 2.38 (5) 3.230 (4) 155 (3)
C14—H14⋯S1 0.97 (3) 2.78 (3) 3.249 (5) 110 (2)
Symmetry code: (i) Mathematical equation.

3. Supra­molecular features

In the extended structure, N4—H4⋯O1 hy­dro­gen bonds link the mol­ecules into C(10) [01Mathematical equation] chains (Fig. 2[link]). This N—H group also forms an intra­molecular hy­dro­gen bond (see above) and the bond-angle sum at the H atom is 357°.

[Figure 2]
Figure 2
The packing diagram of (I), with intra­molecular N—H⋯N hy­dro­gen bonds shown as red dashed lines and inter­molecular N—H⋯O hy­dro­gen bonds shown as blue dashed lines.

4. Hirshfeld surface analysis

The Hirshfeld surface analysis of (I) was performed using CrystalExplorer (Version 21.5; Spackman et al., 2021View full citation) and the dnorm map is illustrated in Fig. 3[link], with the intense red spots corresponding to the donor and acceptor groups for the N—H⋯O hy­dro­gen bond. Two-dimensional fingerprint plots are shown in Fig. 4[link]. Inter­actions between the H atoms (H⋯H) show the largest contribution (∼44%) to the Hirshfeld surface, with a distance range of de + di ≃ 2.5 Å. Nearly 25% is contributed by C⋯H/H⋯C inter­actions. Similarly, 11.4, 6.2, 5.4, 4.7 and 1.4% of the inter­actions are contributed by S⋯H/H⋯S, N⋯H/H⋯N, O⋯H/H⋯O, C⋯N/N⋯C and S⋯C/C⋯S inter­actions, respectively. Finally, C⋯C, N⋯O/O⋯N and S⋯N/N⋯S inter­actions each contribute less than 1% to the contact surface.

[Figure 3]
Figure 3
Hirshfeld surfaces of (I) mapped over (A) dnorm, (B) di and (C) dnorm (transparent Hirshfeld surface).
[Figure 4]
Figure 4
Two-dimensional fingerprint plots for (I): (a) all inter­actions; (b) H⋯H; (c) C⋯H/H⋯C; (d) S⋯H/H⋯S; (e) N⋯H/H⋯N; (f) O⋯H/H⋯O.

5. Database survey

Several thio­semicarbazones have been reported in the literature, but only two structures have a 6-substituted pyridine moiety, viz. 6-methyl­pyridine-2-carbaldehyde-N(4)-phenyl­thio­semicarbazone and 6-bromo-2-formyl­pyridine-N(4)-phenyl­thio­semicarbazone (CSD refcodes BAFGAS and BAFGEW, respectively; Chumakov et al., 2011View full citation).

6. Synthesis and crystallization

To 15 ml of a hot ethano­lic solution of 6-meth­oxy­pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde (0.137 g, 1.00 mmol) with two added drops of glacial acetic acid, 4-phenyl­thio­semicarbazide (0.167 g, 1.00 mmol) dissolved in ethanol was added dropwise, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 h, which, on cooling to room temperature, gave a yellow precipitate. The obtained product was then recrystallised from ethanol solution by ether diffusion at −20 °C to give yellow needles of the title com­pound (yield 72%).

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2[link].

Table 2
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula C14H14N4OS
Mr 286.35
Crystal system, space group Orthorhombic, Pna21
Temperature (K) 296
a, b, c (Å) 17.811 (4), 5.2400 (14), 15.340 (4)
V3) 1431.7 (6)
Z 4
Radiation type Mo Kα
μ (mm−1) 0.23
Crystal size (mm) 0.42 × 0.37 × 0.26
 
Data collection
Diffractometer Bruker
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections 23242, 3409, 2258
Rint 0.078
(sin θ/λ)max−1) 0.660
 
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.040, 0.096, 1.02
No. of reflections 3409
No. of parameters 238
No. of restraints 1
H-atom treatment All H-atom parameters refined
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) 0.17, −0.16
Absolute structure Flack x determined using 859 quotients [(I+−(I)]/[(I+)+(I)] (Parsons et al., 2013View full citation)
Absolute structure parameter −0.04 (6)
Computer programs: APEX3 and SAINT (Bruker, 2018View full citation), SHELXT2014 (Sheldrick, 2015aView full citation), SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015bView full citation), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2020View full citation) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010View full citation).

Supporting information


Computing details top

1-{(E)-[(6-Methoxypyridin-2-yl)methylidene]amino}-3-phenylthiourea top
Crystal data top
C14H14N4OSDx = 1.328 Mg m3
Mr = 286.35Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, Pna21Cell parameters from 3409 reflections
a = 17.811 (4) Åθ = 2.3–28.0°
b = 5.2400 (14) ŵ = 0.23 mm1
c = 15.340 (4) ÅT = 296 K
V = 1431.7 (6) Å3Needle, yellow
Z = 40.42 × 0.37 × 0.26 mm
F(000) = 600
Data collection top
Bruker
diffractometer
Rint = 0.078
ω and phi scansθmax = 28.0°, θmin = 2.3°
23242 measured reflectionsh = 2323
3409 independent reflectionsk = 66
2258 reflections with I > 2σ(I)l = 2020
Refinement top
Refinement on F2All H-atom parameters refined
Least-squares matrix: full w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0348P)2 + 0.1169P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.040(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
wR(F2) = 0.096Δρmax = 0.17 e Å3
S = 1.02Δρmin = 0.16 e Å3
3409 reflectionsExtinction correction: SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015b), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
238 parametersExtinction coefficient: 0.030 (3)
1 restraintAbsolute structure: Flack x determined using 859 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013)
Primary atom site location: dualAbsolute structure parameter: 0.04 (6)
Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
S10.40063 (6)0.6279 (2)0.58169 (8)0.0694 (4)
N10.21315 (14)0.0452 (5)0.58787 (19)0.0431 (6)
N30.29424 (17)0.3856 (6)0.4999 (2)0.0479 (7)
O10.22148 (15)0.0365 (6)0.73431 (15)0.0662 (9)
N20.25657 (17)0.3109 (7)0.4272 (2)0.0538 (8)
N40.36505 (17)0.6321 (6)0.4102 (2)0.0483 (7)
C20.1914 (2)0.0897 (7)0.6554 (2)0.0486 (9)
C90.4233 (2)0.7937 (7)0.3791 (2)0.0454 (8)
C80.3525 (2)0.5529 (6)0.4928 (2)0.0463 (8)
C60.1817 (2)0.0119 (7)0.5095 (2)0.0439 (8)
C100.4548 (2)0.7346 (8)0.2986 (3)0.0512 (9)
C110.5105 (2)0.8881 (9)0.2637 (3)0.0585 (11)
C70.2064 (2)0.1351 (8)0.4338 (2)0.0534 (9)
C30.1383 (2)0.2814 (9)0.6519 (3)0.0628 (11)
C140.4467 (2)1.0090 (8)0.4234 (3)0.0547 (9)
C50.1280 (2)0.2000 (7)0.5005 (3)0.0531 (9)
C130.5027 (2)1.1614 (8)0.3869 (3)0.0607 (11)
C120.5341 (3)1.0994 (9)0.3078 (3)0.0654 (12)
C40.1065 (2)0.3363 (7)0.5728 (4)0.0621 (11)
C10.2800 (3)0.1498 (13)0.7369 (3)0.0737 (14)
H100.441 (2)0.584 (8)0.269 (3)0.067 (12)*
H4A0.070 (2)0.481 (9)0.568 (3)0.085 (14)*
H130.515 (2)1.312 (8)0.418 (3)0.066 (12)*
H140.423 (2)1.057 (6)0.478 (2)0.047 (10)*
H3A0.127 (2)0.373 (7)0.698 (3)0.059 (12)*
H50.105 (2)0.236 (8)0.438 (3)0.068 (12)*
H70.183 (2)0.093 (7)0.378 (3)0.061 (11)*
H30.285 (2)0.316 (7)0.552 (2)0.057 (11)*
H120.572 (3)1.212 (8)0.284 (3)0.080 (13)*
H110.531 (3)0.848 (8)0.209 (4)0.095 (17)*
H40.338 (3)0.540 (7)0.371 (3)0.071 (13)*
H1A0.321 (3)0.107 (8)0.687 (4)0.096 (15)*
H1B0.293 (3)0.145 (8)0.792 (3)0.081 (15)*
H1C0.258 (3)0.319 (11)0.722 (4)0.096 (19)*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S10.0726 (7)0.0868 (7)0.0489 (5)0.0254 (6)0.0119 (6)0.0070 (6)
N10.0374 (14)0.0560 (16)0.0357 (13)0.0022 (12)0.0006 (14)0.0066 (15)
N30.0458 (19)0.0634 (18)0.0344 (15)0.0129 (14)0.0020 (13)0.0081 (15)
O10.0607 (19)0.097 (2)0.0404 (14)0.0231 (16)0.0035 (13)0.0160 (15)
N20.0535 (19)0.073 (2)0.0353 (16)0.0123 (17)0.0057 (14)0.0069 (15)
N40.0474 (18)0.0577 (19)0.0397 (16)0.0103 (15)0.0020 (13)0.0102 (15)
C20.042 (2)0.061 (2)0.042 (2)0.0033 (17)0.0007 (17)0.0089 (18)
C90.0398 (17)0.045 (2)0.051 (2)0.0035 (16)0.0027 (16)0.0145 (16)
C80.045 (2)0.0474 (19)0.0462 (19)0.0006 (17)0.0011 (16)0.0043 (17)
C60.0400 (18)0.049 (2)0.0422 (18)0.0011 (16)0.0021 (16)0.0016 (15)
C100.047 (2)0.055 (2)0.052 (2)0.0010 (19)0.0019 (18)0.0135 (19)
C110.049 (2)0.069 (3)0.058 (2)0.005 (2)0.005 (2)0.019 (2)
C70.056 (2)0.067 (2)0.0366 (18)0.010 (2)0.0080 (17)0.0019 (18)
C30.056 (2)0.070 (3)0.062 (3)0.013 (2)0.007 (2)0.018 (2)
C140.054 (2)0.046 (2)0.064 (3)0.0043 (18)0.006 (2)0.0062 (19)
C50.049 (2)0.056 (2)0.054 (2)0.0049 (19)0.0026 (18)0.003 (2)
C130.054 (2)0.046 (2)0.083 (3)0.0013 (19)0.009 (2)0.012 (2)
C120.051 (3)0.064 (3)0.082 (3)0.002 (2)0.001 (2)0.026 (3)
C40.053 (2)0.060 (2)0.073 (3)0.0134 (19)0.001 (2)0.005 (2)
C10.068 (3)0.108 (4)0.045 (2)0.025 (3)0.015 (2)0.013 (3)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
S1—C81.658 (4)C10—H100.94 (4)
N1—C21.312 (4)C11—C121.364 (6)
N1—C61.360 (4)C11—H110.93 (5)
N3—N21.360 (4)C7—H70.97 (4)
N3—C81.363 (4)C3—C41.369 (7)
N3—H30.89 (4)C3—H3A0.88 (4)
O1—C21.354 (4)C14—C131.396 (6)
O1—C11.429 (5)C14—H140.98 (4)
N2—C71.287 (5)C5—C41.374 (7)
N4—C81.352 (4)C5—H51.07 (4)
N4—C91.422 (5)C13—C121.374 (6)
N4—H40.91 (5)C13—H130.95 (4)
C2—C31.381 (5)C12—H120.97 (5)
C9—C141.382 (6)C4—H4A1.00 (5)
C9—C101.390 (5)C1—H1A1.09 (5)
C6—C51.381 (5)C1—H1B0.88 (5)
C6—C71.461 (5)C1—H1C1.00 (6)
C10—C111.386 (6)
C2—N1—C6117.2 (3)N2—C7—C6130.5 (3)
N2—N3—C8119.7 (3)N2—C7—H7113 (2)
N2—N3—H3122 (2)C6—C7—H7116 (2)
C8—N3—H3118 (2)C4—C3—C2118.0 (4)
C2—O1—C1117.1 (3)C4—C3—H3A120 (3)
C7—N2—N3118.9 (3)C2—C3—H3A121 (3)
C8—N4—C9128.1 (3)C9—C14—C13119.0 (4)
C8—N4—H4112 (3)C9—C14—H14120 (2)
C9—N4—H4119 (3)C13—C14—H14121 (2)
N1—C2—O1118.5 (3)C4—C5—C6118.9 (4)
N1—C2—C3124.4 (4)C4—C5—H5122 (2)
O1—C2—C3117.1 (3)C6—C5—H5119 (2)
C14—C9—C10119.8 (4)C12—C13—C14120.7 (4)
C14—C9—N4122.7 (4)C12—C13—H13124 (3)
C10—C9—N4117.3 (3)C14—C13—H13116 (3)
N4—C8—N3113.5 (3)C11—C12—C13120.3 (4)
N4—C8—S1127.8 (3)C11—C12—H12121 (3)
N3—C8—S1118.7 (3)C13—C12—H12118 (3)
N1—C6—C5122.1 (3)C3—C4—C5119.4 (4)
N1—C6—C7117.5 (3)C3—C4—H4A120 (3)
C5—C6—C7120.4 (4)C5—C4—H4A121 (3)
C11—C10—C9120.2 (4)O1—C1—H1A109 (3)
C11—C10—H10119 (3)O1—C1—H1B102 (3)
C9—C10—H10121 (3)H1A—C1—H1B119 (4)
C12—C11—C10120.0 (4)O1—C1—H1C108 (3)
C12—C11—H11120 (3)H1A—C1—H1C107 (4)
C10—C11—H11120 (3)H1B—C1—H1C111 (5)
C8—N3—N2—C7173.5 (4)C9—C10—C11—C120.7 (6)
C6—N1—C2—O1179.8 (3)N3—N2—C7—C61.3 (7)
C6—N1—C2—C31.1 (5)N1—C6—C7—N22.7 (7)
C1—O1—C2—N15.3 (6)C5—C6—C7—N2177.7 (4)
C1—O1—C2—C3175.9 (4)N1—C2—C3—C40.6 (6)
C8—N4—C9—C1441.6 (6)O1—C2—C3—C4179.3 (4)
C8—N4—C9—C10141.5 (4)C10—C9—C14—C131.1 (5)
C9—N4—C8—N3176.2 (3)N4—C9—C14—C13178.0 (3)
C9—N4—C8—S11.6 (6)N1—C6—C5—C41.0 (6)
N2—N3—C8—N41.5 (5)C7—C6—C5—C4179.4 (3)
N2—N3—C8—S1176.5 (3)C9—C14—C13—C120.3 (6)
C2—N1—C6—C51.3 (5)C10—C11—C12—C130.2 (6)
C2—N1—C6—C7179.2 (3)C14—C13—C12—C110.4 (6)
C14—C9—C10—C111.3 (5)C2—C3—C4—C50.3 (6)
N4—C9—C10—C11178.4 (3)C6—C5—C4—C30.5 (6)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N3—H3···N10.89 (3)1.99 (4)2.662 (4)131 (3)
N4—H4···N20.91 (4)2.07 (5)2.576 (5)114 (4)
N4—H4···O1i0.91 (4)2.38 (5)3.230 (4)155 (3)
C14—H14···S10.97 (3)2.78 (3)3.249 (5)110 (2)
Symmetry code: (i) x+1/2, y+1/2, z1/2.
 

Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Marrappan Velusamy at the Department of Chemistry, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India, for collecting the crystal data.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (grant No. BT/PR36476/NNT/28/1723/2020 to Venugopal Rajendiran); Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (grant No. SR/FST/CS-1/2021/215).

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