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Figure 12
Biaxial model that can be used to illustrate the general case of birefringence in a biaxial medium. The wavefront is an ellipse whose semiaxes indicate the vibration directions of the refracted rays [red arrows in (b) and (c)]. The directions of both rays can be calculated in the corresponding elliptical section as conjugate radii [white arrows in (c)]. Both rays are extraordinary.

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