Figure 3
Calculations for the radiation dose Df to the feature, using the required number of incident photons per pixel for δr = 20 nm spatial resolution imaging, as shown in Fig. 2. These calculations are for 2D imaging of copper features in silicon (a) to represent an integrated circuit and for imaging protein features adjacent to ice with over- and underlying layers (Fig. 1) of 70% water/30% ice as tissue (b) to represent a biological specimen. These figures show contour lines for
log10(x), so that x = 7 refers to a contour of D = 107; the underlaid grayscale image also displays x. Also shown as a white line is the 1/e attenuation length μ−1(E) of the background material (either silicon or tissue) as a function of photon energy [equation (4)]. |