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Figure 1
The normalized effective energy potential of the Néel surface anisotropy as a function of the Cartesian components of the average magnetization vector m0 = [sinβcosα, sinβsinα, cosβ], computed via numerical integration of the surface contribution in (2[link]) and using the second-order approximation (21[link]). Parameters are eA = [0, 0, 1], b0 = 0, kc = 0.1 and ks = 3.0. The minima of the Néel surface contribution are in this case along the cubic space diagonals m0 = [±1, ± 1, ± 1]/(31/2), while the maxima correspond to the Cartesian axes ± ex, ± ey, ± ez. The effective energy potential has cubic symmetry and is approximately proportional to a function of the type [\simeq m_{0,x}^{4} + m_{0,y}^{4} + m_{0,z}^{4}] [see also Garanin & Kachkachi (2003BB11)].

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
APPLIED
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ISSN: 1600-5767
Volume 55| Part 6| December 2022| Pages 1475-1487
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576722008925
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