Figure 3
(a) Four-arm geometry – or cruciform geometry – typically used in biaxial stress–strain tests (Kiwabara, 2014). (b) Suggested variant to the cruciform geometry with symmetric notches. The red square highlights the region of interest during scanning. (c) The four modes of biaxial deformation under analysis. The uniaxial mode can be achieved by unclamping the specimen from the horizontal grips. Modes 2, 3 and 4 represent different displacement rates between the two axes of freedom. |