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Figure 1
Backscattered and secondary electron images of Pb droplets and inclusions in modern and ancient bronzes. Sample labels correspond to those in Table 3[link]: (a) sample S3-BronzeMg1 showing white Pb droplets, pale grey interstitial δ phase with Sn content around 31–34 wt% and a dark grey matrix formed by the α phase with Sn content around 6–12 wt%; (b) sample S3-BronzeMgB2 showing the dark α phase neatly separating the Pb-rich droplets from the Cu–Sn bronze δ phase; (c) sample S3-Bronze39, which is a Cu–Sn–Pb–Zn alloy, with the dark matrix α phase having a composition around Sn 4–6 wt% and Zn 15–18 wt%, and the light grey δ phase having a composition close to Sn 25–28 wt% and Zn 4–6 wt%, where the small black segregations are Cu sulfides; and (d) sample S3-Bronze57, which is also a Cu–Sn–Pb–Zn alloy, with the matrix α phase having a composition around Zn 8–9 wt% and Sn 4–6 wt%, where the dark grey inclusions are all Zn sulfides.

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