Figure 5
(A) Tomographic data from the composite film down to a single active particle in an NMC cathode of Li-ion batteries. (B) The 3D profile of particle fracture in a selected regime of 150 × 150 × 40 µm, showing the spatially heterogeneous damage, including particle fracture and interfacial debonding, in the NMC cathode after 10 cycles with the cyclic rate of 5 C. NMC particles are color-coded according to the degree of damage – red represents the severely fractured particles and blue represents the least damaged particles. (C) Sketch of the working principle of a half-cell composed of an NMC cathode and a Li metal anode. Adapted from Xu et al. (2019) with permission from Elsevier. |