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Figure 7
The different possible topologies of [{\cal F}] in [{\cal P}^{3}] on varying atomic scattering factors fi in equation (2)[link]. The [{\cal F}]s are differentiated according to their intersection along the zi directions. They can intersect (a) with all three axes (closed topology), (b) only with the two axes z1 and z2, or (c) and (d) only with axis z1 (open topologies). The very first segment of the linearization around the origin is shown and all repeated segments are avoided for better visibility. Also, the computed gradient of [{\cal F}] and the normal vector are depicted at different tangent points. The filled, colored dots are used to define the required normal vector. The tangent points representing planes nearest to and farthest from the origin are represented by solid black dots, while the open black circle indicates an additionally computed tangent point.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
APPLIED
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
ISSN: 1600-5767
Volume 58| Part 3| June 2025| Pages 768-788
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600576725001955
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