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Figure 2
Biphenyl molecule and the representation of relative orientation of the rings in the different phases. The torsion angle φ between the rings is ∼42° in the gas phase and 0° in phase I (∼40 ≤ T ≤ 300 K). In the modulated phase III (T ≃ 20 K), the torsion angle between the rings varies harmonically between 0 ≤ φ ≤ 11°.

IUCrJ
Volume 2| Part 1| January 2015| Pages 137-154
ISSN: 2052-2525
doi:10.1107/S2052252514023550