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Figure 1
Schematic overview of the different in-cell NMR approaches. (a) Proteins (green) can be endogenously expressed and isotopically labelled in bacteria, yeast, insect and mammalian cells by introducing a suitable expression vector containing the gene of interest. Isotopically enriched media are provided after inducing protein expression/after transfection. (b) Exogenous proteins (blue) can be delivered to X. laevis oocytes by microinjection or to human cells exploiting either cell-penetrating peptides (CPP), cell permeabilization by pore-forming toxins or electroporation.

IUCrJ
Volume 4| Part 2| March 2017| Pages 108-118
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252516020625