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Figure 11
Examples of hole localization using the U-Net + Lattice Fitting. Ptolemy successfully detects all holes across a wide range of hole sizes, brightness and contrast conditions, from easily visible gold grids (bottom left) to very low contrast carbon grids that are difficult to see even for humans (top right).

IUCrJ
Volume 10| Part 1| January 2023| Pages 90-102
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252522010612