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Figure 1
`Hierarchy of engagement' of stakeholders working on data interoperability (after presentations at the CODATA workshops discussed in the text). The box with a heavy outline indicates how crystallography has well defined standards and vocabularies (mostly within the CIF framework, see main text), and significant technical substructure whereby the crystallographic databases offer access through APIs and, usually, SQL or other common database standard query languages. To extend this, and thereby facilitate data integration with other domains, we suggest well characterized data formats and well characterized metadata will be needed as well as inter-domain protocols such as format conversions, metadata concordances, versioning conventions and access control mechanisms.

IUCrJ
Volume 11| Part 1| January 2024| Pages 9-15
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252523010424