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Figure 7
Mechanisms of regulation of TIR-domain assembly in immunity and cell-death pathways: (a) SARM1, (b) plant TNLs, (c) the SPARTA anti-phage defence pathway and (d) SCAF in TLR pathways [illustrated by TLR4 signalling through the adaptors MAL and MyD88; MyD88 contains a death domain and the assembly of TIR domains is proposed to recruit protein kinases from the IRAK family the ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 (tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6) and activate them through proximity-based activation (not shown); the recruitment of the adaptor MAL by dimerized TLR4 TIR domains, and the recruitment of the adaptor MyD88 by the TLR4:MAL assembly represent nucleation-controlled steps in assembly formation].

IUCrJ
Volume 11| Part 5| September 2024| Pages 695-707
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252524007693