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Figure 2
BpGmhA microbatch-under-oil phase diagrams and morphology optimization. (a) Phase diagram of BpGmhA comparing unseeded and seeded microbatch-under-oil crystallization experiments (see Supplementary Fig. S3). The data distinguish the nucleation zone (blue diamonds) where crystals formed without seeding and the metastable zone (red diamonds) where crystals form only upon seeding. Conditions yielding clear drops are indicated by gray circles. No precipitation phase was observed under the conditions tested. (b) The morphology of the BpGmhA crystals varies across the precipitant–precipitant phase diagram. Three distinct crystal morphologies were observed by varying the concentrations of PEG 3350 and sodium citrate. Low concentrations of both precipitants yielded pentagonal plate-like crystals. At moderate-to-high sodium citrate and PEG 3350 concentrations, large rhombohedral crystals were obtained that were suitable for standard single-crystal experiments. Further increases in PEG 3350 concentration led to rod-shaped microcrystals that were more suitable for SX experiments.

IUCrJ
Volume 13| Part 2| March 2026| Pages 159-168
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252526000448