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Figure 6
Sheet size dependence versus liquid viscosity. A constant liquid flow rate of 150 µL min−1 was used for all cases. (A) A standard nozzle with pure water yields a maximum length of 220 µm. (B) A constricted nozzle with orifice reduced from 30 × 30 µm (length × width) to 20 × 20 µm extends the length to 370 µm. (C) A standard nozzle with 40% glycerol, which raises the viscosity of the solution, increases the length to 350 µm. (D) The greatest size enhancement was achieved by combining 40% glycerol with orifice constriction, which yields a length of 450 µm.

IUCrJ
Volume 13| Part 5| September 2026| Pages 659-667
ISSN: 2052-2525
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2052252526007013