Figure 6
Possible proton pathway in bacteriorhodopsin. Polypeptide folding is drawn as ribbons. The space-filling model coloured purple is a retinal. Aspartic acids, lysine, arginine and glutamic acids which are included in proton translocation are shown by ball-and-sticks and single letter notation with a residue number. The arrays represent proton flows in the molecule. The red belt indicates the membrane region. The seven cylinders at the top right represent the arrangement of the helices. The figure is reproduced from Kimura (1999) with permission. |