Figure 10
Heating effect of a 13.6 keV X-ray beam with a flux of 2 × 1010 photons s−1. The temperature rise was recorded using a T-type thermocouple junction (0.005 inch OD thermocouples; Omega Technologies Company, Stamford, CT, USA) positioned in a 1 mm quartz capillary filled with Milli-Q water. The capillary was adjusted initially to position the junction directly in the X-ray beam. The capillary and thermocouple were then translated by 0.3 mm perpendicular to the X-ray beam along the length of the capillary so that the thermocouple was just to one side and within 0.3 mm of the X-ray beam (see inset). The temperature rise was recorded upon opening the beam shutter. Positioning of the thermocouple junction in the X-ray beam was facilitated by using a real-time X-ray area detector to monitor directly the shadow cast by the junction on diffuse X-ray scattering. This study was performed on the A1 station at CHESS. Taken from Fig. 11 of Cheng & Caffrey (1996). |