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Figure 13
Type I damage to hydrated DPPC at 50% w/w water or buffer (150 mM NaCl, 20 mM TES, pH 7.4) and 298 K as a function of accumulated dose. Loss of Lβ phase (001) reflection intensity with accumulated dose with a 10.0 keV beam operated at a flux of 5.4 × 1013 photons s−1 and discontinuous (pulsed) sample irradiation. Lβ phase intensities at a particular accumulated dose were normalized against the intensity for zero accumulated dose. The dose rates were 17 Mrad s−1 within the pulse and 185 krad s−1 when averaged over the sum of the pulse time (50 ms) and the dead time (4.5 s). Data were collected at APS on beamline 18ID. Sample preparation is similar to the protocol described by Cherezov et al. (2000BB3).

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