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![[Figure 14]](hi2028fig14mag.jpg)
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Figure 14
Type I damage to hydrated DPPC at 50% w/w water and 298 K as a function of accumulated dose and dose rate. (a) Loss of Lβ′ phase (001) reflection intensity with accumulated dose with a 12.5 keV beam operated at a maximum flux of 6.3 × 1011 photons s−1 (attenuation achieved with metal foils) and continuous sample irradiation. The dose rates are indicated in the panel. Measurements were performed at the ESRF on beamline ID2. (b) Loss of Lβ′ phase (001) reflection intensity with accumulated dose at 10.0 keV, 5.4 × 1013 photons s−1 and discontinuous (pulsed) sample irradiation. (c) Increase in diffuse scattering intensity between the (001) and (002) low-angle reflections of the Lβ′ phase with accumulated dose. Typical standard deviations calculated based on triplicate samples are indicated below the curves in (b) and (c) for samples irradiated at 179 Mrad s−1 and 17 Mrad s−1. Elapsed time (in s) at the end of each exposure is indicated. Lβ′ phase intensities presented in (a) and (b) were normalized as described in the legend to Fig. 13 ![[link]](../../../../../../logos/arrows/s_arr.gif) . The dose rates indicated in (b) and (c) were calculated for the period of irradiation and for the sum of the period of irradiation (5 ms to 5 s) and the dead time (4.5 s). Data shown in (b) and (c) were collected at the APS on beamline 18ID. Sample preparation is similar to the protocol described by Cherezov et al. (2000). |
![[Figure 14]](hi2028fig14.jpg)
 | JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION |
ISSN: 1600-5775
