Figure 2
Optimal ranges of intensity and pulse duration (hatched regions) for single-pulse tissue ablation with minimal collateral damage at three infrared wavelengths: (a) 3.0 µm, (b) 6.1 µm and (c) 6.45 µm. To remove tissue by explosive vaporization the exposure conditions must exceed two thresholds: the power density (dot-dashed line) required to heat saline rapidly enough for superheating to occur and the energy density (dashed line) required to reach its superheat limit. To minimize collateral damage the incident intensity must fall below the threshold (dots) at which 1% denaturation of the protein (solid line) precedes explosive vaporization. |