Figure 3
Required X-ray dose at 8 keV to achieve a given diffraction resolution for biological samples in ice (thick solid line) and in a vacuum (thin solid line). A fixed sample volume of V = 0.1 µm × 0.1 µm × 0.1 µm is assumed. Also plotted are several studies in the literature. The radiation-damage limit is shown as the dotted line connecting Henderson's limit at atomic resolution and microscopy studies against mass loss at low resolutions. Dose levels of proposed ERL and XFEL sources are also indicated in the plot. See text for more details. |