Figure 4
Radiographic images of the hollow-cone gasoline direct injection fuel sprays at projection angles of 4°, 94° and 168° and at various time instances after the start of the injection. Exposure time for each frame was 5.13 µs. Various details of the dynamic characteristics of the spray (density waves, asymmetry, streaks) can be identified from the images. (From, Liu et al., 2004.) |