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Figure 3
The speed difference (c − u) between waves and electrons makes microbunching possible. Top: in this situation the longitudinal Lorentz forces caused by the wave B-field BW and to the electron transverse velocity vT push the electrons towards microbunching. Bottom: after the electron travels over one-half undulator period, its transverse velocity is reversed. The wave travels ahead of the electron by one-half wavelength: its B-field is also reversed, the Lorentz force keeps its direction and microbunching continues.

Journal logoJOURNAL OF
SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION
ISSN: 1600-5775
Volume 18| Part 2| March 2011| Pages 101-108
https://doi.org/10.1107/S090904951004896X
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