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Figure 2
(a) Typical UXRD set-up. The PXS at the University of Potsdam delivers 150 fs X-ray pulses at an energy of 8.047 keV. A detailed description of the PXS is given by Schick et al. (2012BB20) and Zamponi et al. (2009BB28). Laser parameters are: pulse energy 8 mJ, pulse duration 40 fs and repetition rate 1 kHz. The pump fluence was set to 30 mJ cm−2. (b) Synchrotron-based pump–probe experiment. A Ti:sapphire laser system (Coherent Legend) is synchronized to the repetition rate of the ESRF storage ring with an accuracy of ≤5 ps between the X-ray and laser pulses. Laser parameters are: pulse energy 1.5 mJ, pulse duration 600 fs and repetition rate 1 kHz. The pump–probe scheme is shown in Fig. 4(a)[link] in detail. X-ray photons diffracted from the sample are captured in a photomultiplier (PMT) and counted in a single-photon-counting (SPC) unit.

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