Figure 6
Carbon near-edge spectromicroscopy analysis of a normal erythrocyte (c), and one infected with the P. facliparum malaria parasite (a, b). A region identified by cluster analysis on the carbon XANES images (a) agrees well with an approximate map of iron concentration taken from the ratio of images acquired above and below the Fe L-edge (b). Spectra of two cluster regions of infected (a) and uninfected (c) cells were fitted using the `X-ray Peak Fitting' tool of MANTiS; the energies of the peak centers are indicated on the spectral plots. A map of Fe concentration in the infected cell (b) was generated using the `Spectral ROI' tool to select a 702.23–704.76 eV energy range below the Fe edge and a 709.48–711.98 eV range above the edge; a ratioed image then gives the elemental concentration (Engström, 1946). A spectrum of hematin, a substitute for hemozoin (Walczak et al., 2005), is shown with a dashed spectrum. The peak at 284.31 eV in the infected cell can be attributed to a 284 eV peak in the hematin spectrum. The overlap between areas rich in elemental iron with areas rich in hemozoin confirms the strong concentration of hemozoin precipitated by the parasites. |