supplementary materials
4,4'-Bipyridinium bis(perchlorate)-4-aminobenzoic acid-4,4'-bipyridine-water (1/4/2/2)
4-Aminobenzoic acid (1 mmol, 0.137 g,), 4,4-bipyridine (1 mmol, 0.156 g,) and
sodium perchlorate (1 mmol, 0.123 g,) were dissolved in hot water with
stirring. Colourless single crystals were obtained at room temperature by slow
evaporation of the solvent over a period of several days.
The disordered perchlorate ion was refined into two sites with refined
occupancies of 0.724 (9) and 0.276 (9). The Cl···O and O···O distances
were restrained to be 1.44 (1) and 2.35 (1) Å, respectively. Water H
atoms were located in a difference Fourier map and refined with distance
restraints of O–H = 0.86 Å and H···H = 1.39 Å. The H atom bound to
the N5 nitrogen atom in the cation and the carboxylic H atoms were
refined with N—H and O—H distance restraints of 0.90 Å.
All other H atoms were placed at calculated positions and
treated as riding on the parent atoms, with C—H = 0.93\ %A,
N—H = 0.86 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(C, N).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).
4,4'-Bipyridinium bis(perchlorate)–4-aminobenzoic acid–4,4'-bipyridine–water
(1/4/2/2)
top
Crystal data top
| C10H10N22+·2ClO4−·4C7H7NO2·2C10H8N2·2H2O | Z = 1 |
| Mr = 1254.04 | F(000) = 654 |
| Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.424 Mg m−3 |
| Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
| a = 10.1007 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 2787 reflections |
| b = 10.1105 (4) Å | θ = 2.4–21.0° |
| c = 16.5830 (6) Å | µ = 0.19 mm−1 |
| α = 91.487 (2)° | T = 296 K |
| β = 98.529 (3)° | Block, colourless |
| γ = 118.500 (2)° | 0.20 × 0.18 × 0.15 mm |
| V = 1462.68 (10) Å3 | |
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII area-detector diffractometer | 3142 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.058 |
| graphite | θmax = 25.2°, θmin = 2.3° |
| φ and ω scans | h = −12→11 |
| 18132 measured reflections | k = −11→12 |
| 5242 independent reflections | l = −18→19 |
Refinement top
| Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.066 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
| wR(F2) = 0.198 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
| S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0835P)2 + 0.5543P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
| 5242 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| 455 parameters | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
| 74 restraints | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
Crystal data top
| C10H10N22+·2ClO4−·4C7H7NO2·2C10H8N2·2H2O | γ = 118.500 (2)° |
| Mr = 1254.04 | V = 1462.68 (10) Å3 |
| Triclinic, P1 | Z = 1 |
| a = 10.1007 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
| b = 10.1105 (4) Å | µ = 0.19 mm−1 |
| c = 16.5830 (6) Å | T = 296 K |
| α = 91.487 (2)° | 0.20 × 0.18 × 0.15 mm |
| β = 98.529 (3)° | |
Data collection top
Bruker APEXII area-detector diffractometer | 3142 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
| 18132 measured reflections | Rint = 0.058 |
| 5242 independent reflections | θmax = 25.2° |
Refinement top
| R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.066 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
| wR(F2) = 0.198 | Δρmax = 0.37 e Å−3 |
| S = 1.04 | Δρmin = −0.41 e Å−3 |
| 5242 reflections | Absolute structure: ? |
| 455 parameters | Flack parameter: ? |
| 74 restraints | Rogers parameter: ? |
Special details top
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)
are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken
into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles
and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only
used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic)
treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and
goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based
on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of
F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is
not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based
on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-
factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top| | x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) |
| C1 | 0.4592 (5) | 0.5702 (4) | 0.2272 (2) | 0.0780 (12) | |
| H1 | 0.4688 | 0.6561 | 0.2552 | 0.094* | |
| C2 | 0.5531 (5) | 0.5894 (4) | 0.1716 (2) | 0.0718 (11) | |
| H2 | 0.6235 | 0.6866 | 0.1627 | 0.086* | |
| C3 | 0.5438 (3) | 0.4659 (3) | 0.12897 (17) | 0.0445 (7) | |
| C4 | 0.4368 (4) | 0.3262 (4) | 0.1468 (2) | 0.0621 (9) | |
| H4 | 0.4256 | 0.2382 | 0.1204 | 0.075* | |
| C5 | 0.3468 (4) | 0.3170 (4) | 0.2035 (2) | 0.0667 (10) | |
| H5 | 0.2758 | 0.2216 | 0.2145 | 0.080* | |
| C6 | 0.6445 (3) | 0.4829 (3) | 0.06907 (17) | 0.0454 (7) | |
| C7 | 0.7468 (4) | 0.6237 (4) | 0.0504 (2) | 0.0640 (10) | |
| H7 | 0.7552 | 0.7104 | 0.0767 | 0.077* | |
| C8 | 0.8361 (4) | 0.6363 (4) | −0.0067 (2) | 0.0681 (10) | |
| H8 | 0.9044 | 0.7329 | −0.0176 | 0.082* | |
| C9 | 0.7333 (5) | 0.3836 (5) | −0.0301 (2) | 0.0774 (12) | |
| H9 | 0.7272 | 0.2990 | −0.0576 | 0.093* | |
| C10 | 0.6398 (5) | 0.3613 (4) | 0.0269 (2) | 0.0716 (11) | |
| H10 | 0.5731 | 0.2634 | 0.0368 | 0.086* | |
| C11 | 1.0179 (4) | 0.5687 (4) | 0.1962 (2) | 0.0570 (9) | |
| C12 | 0.9160 (4) | 0.5534 (4) | 0.25473 (18) | 0.0504 (8) | |
| C13 | 0.8008 (4) | 0.4134 (4) | 0.26858 (19) | 0.0529 (8) | |
| H13 | 0.7875 | 0.3258 | 0.2406 | 0.064* | |
| C14 | 0.7066 (4) | 0.4019 (4) | 0.32255 (19) | 0.0556 (8) | |
| H14 | 0.6304 | 0.3070 | 0.3307 | 0.067* | |
| C15 | 0.7238 (4) | 0.5309 (4) | 0.3653 (2) | 0.0566 (9) | |
| C16 | 0.8404 (4) | 0.6714 (4) | 0.3531 (2) | 0.0647 (10) | |
| H16 | 0.8550 | 0.7588 | 0.3820 | 0.078* | |
| C17 | 0.9340 (4) | 0.6819 (4) | 0.2984 (2) | 0.0601 (9) | |
| H17 | 1.0108 | 0.7767 | 0.2904 | 0.072* | |
| C18 | 0.8014 (5) | 0.0246 (4) | 0.0816 (2) | 0.0625 (9) | |
| C19 | 0.7278 (4) | 0.0094 (3) | 0.1525 (2) | 0.0573 (9) | |
| C20 | 0.8008 (4) | 0.0010 (4) | 0.2290 (2) | 0.0653 (10) | |
| H20 | 0.8963 | 0.0066 | 0.2340 | 0.078* | |
| C21 | 0.7339 (5) | −0.0152 (4) | 0.2969 (2) | 0.0713 (11) | |
| H21 | 0.7847 | −0.0200 | 0.3473 | 0.086* | |
| C22 | 0.5911 (5) | −0.0244 (4) | 0.2912 (3) | 0.0735 (11) | |
| C23 | 0.5181 (5) | −0.0161 (4) | 0.2145 (3) | 0.0747 (11) | |
| H23 | 0.4226 | −0.0216 | 0.2094 | 0.090* | |
| C24 | 0.5850 (4) | 0.0000 (4) | 0.1471 (2) | 0.0644 (10) | |
| H24 | 0.5341 | 0.0047 | 0.0966 | 0.077* | |
| C25 | 0.2424 (5) | 0.5900 (5) | 0.3916 (2) | 0.0785 (12) | |
| H25 | 0.3251 | 0.6733 | 0.3770 | 0.094* | |
| C26 | 0.1654 (5) | 0.6129 (4) | 0.4471 (2) | 0.0716 (11) | |
| H26 | 0.1951 | 0.7107 | 0.4689 | 0.086* | |
| C27 | 0.0433 (3) | 0.4902 (4) | 0.47059 (17) | 0.0466 (7) | |
| C28 | 0.0067 (4) | 0.3484 (4) | 0.4352 (2) | 0.0657 (10) | |
| H28 | −0.0737 | 0.2620 | 0.4491 | 0.079* | |
| C29 | 0.0886 (4) | 0.3356 (5) | 0.3799 (2) | 0.0709 (11) | |
| H29 | 0.0623 | 0.2396 | 0.3567 | 0.085* | |
| N1 | 0.3567 (3) | 0.4374 (3) | 0.24310 (16) | 0.0579 (7) | |
| N2 | 0.8310 (3) | 0.5191 (4) | −0.04737 (17) | 0.0607 (8) | |
| N3 | 0.6272 (4) | 0.5201 (4) | 0.41820 (18) | 0.0758 (9) | |
| H3A | 0.5550 | 0.4328 | 0.4251 | 0.091* | |
| H3B | 0.6389 | 0.6007 | 0.4443 | 0.091* | |
| N4 | 0.5226 (5) | −0.0444 (5) | 0.3583 (2) | 0.1091 (13) | |
| H4A | 0.5680 | −0.0514 | 0.4049 | 0.131* | |
| H4B | 0.4342 | −0.0499 | 0.3540 | 0.131* | |
| N5 | 0.2031 (4) | 0.4537 (4) | 0.35815 (17) | 0.0598 (8) | |
| O1 | 0.9981 (3) | 0.4406 (3) | 0.16264 (16) | 0.0718 (7) | |
| O2 | 1.1150 (3) | 0.6913 (3) | 0.18048 (17) | 0.0787 (8) | |
| O3 | 0.7226 (3) | 0.0324 (3) | 0.01186 (18) | 0.0793 (8) | |
| O4 | 0.9250 (3) | 0.0302 (3) | 0.08352 (18) | 0.0848 (8) | |
| O5 | 0.1553 (3) | 0.9533 (3) | 0.11791 (17) | 0.0720 (7) | |
| H1C | 1.058 (4) | 0.451 (5) | 0.126 (2) | 0.119 (17)* | |
| H3C | 0.776 (5) | 0.039 (6) | −0.028 (2) | 0.122 (19)* | |
| H5A | 0.128 (4) | 0.866 (2) | 0.133 (2) | 0.078 (13)* | |
| H5B | 0.079 (3) | 0.970 (4) | 0.111 (3) | 0.12 (2)* | |
| H5C | 0.251 (5) | 0.442 (6) | 0.319 (2) | 0.14 (2)* | |
| O6 | 0.3808 (7) | 0.2312 (5) | 0.4742 (4) | 0.153 (3) | 0.724 (9) |
| O7 | 0.2540 (10) | 0.0812 (8) | 0.3516 (3) | 0.158 (3) | 0.724 (9) |
| O8 | 0.2998 (12) | −0.0234 (8) | 0.4681 (6) | 0.155 (4) | 0.724 (9) |
| O9 | 0.1258 (8) | 0.0621 (9) | 0.4610 (6) | 0.190 (4) | 0.724 (9) |
| Cl1 | 0.26368 (13) | 0.08898 (12) | 0.43474 (8) | 0.0877 (4) | 0.724 (9) |
| O6' | 0.265 (2) | 0.1766 (19) | 0.5022 (7) | 0.158 (7) | 0.276 (9) |
| O7' | 0.3803 (16) | 0.1791 (19) | 0.3902 (11) | 0.175 (8) | 0.276 (9) |
| O8' | 0.264 (2) | −0.0437 (14) | 0.4533 (12) | 0.109 (7) | 0.276 (9) |
| O9' | 0.1148 (13) | 0.0416 (13) | 0.3755 (9) | 0.115 (6) | 0.276 (9) |
| Cl1' | 0.26368 (13) | 0.08898 (12) | 0.43474 (8) | 0.0877 (4) | 0.276 (9) |
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top| | U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 |
| C1 | 0.101 (3) | 0.059 (2) | 0.088 (3) | 0.041 (2) | 0.048 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
| C2 | 0.087 (3) | 0.048 (2) | 0.086 (3) | 0.029 (2) | 0.045 (2) | 0.0136 (19) |
| C3 | 0.0441 (17) | 0.0503 (19) | 0.0398 (16) | 0.0236 (15) | 0.0071 (13) | 0.0044 (13) |
| C4 | 0.068 (2) | 0.050 (2) | 0.067 (2) | 0.0218 (18) | 0.0303 (18) | 0.0017 (16) |
| C5 | 0.065 (2) | 0.057 (2) | 0.071 (2) | 0.0190 (18) | 0.0278 (18) | 0.0058 (18) |
| C6 | 0.0450 (17) | 0.0509 (19) | 0.0415 (16) | 0.0240 (15) | 0.0085 (13) | 0.0076 (14) |
| C7 | 0.062 (2) | 0.051 (2) | 0.070 (2) | 0.0167 (17) | 0.0244 (18) | 0.0000 (17) |
| C8 | 0.057 (2) | 0.062 (2) | 0.068 (2) | 0.0113 (18) | 0.0246 (18) | 0.0100 (19) |
| C9 | 0.099 (3) | 0.066 (3) | 0.084 (3) | 0.043 (2) | 0.051 (2) | 0.014 (2) |
| C10 | 0.088 (3) | 0.051 (2) | 0.086 (3) | 0.033 (2) | 0.050 (2) | 0.0181 (19) |
| C11 | 0.051 (2) | 0.067 (2) | 0.053 (2) | 0.0286 (19) | 0.0115 (16) | 0.0133 (18) |
| C12 | 0.0505 (19) | 0.058 (2) | 0.0458 (17) | 0.0287 (17) | 0.0082 (14) | 0.0096 (15) |
| C13 | 0.057 (2) | 0.055 (2) | 0.0496 (18) | 0.0293 (17) | 0.0115 (15) | 0.0056 (15) |
| C14 | 0.054 (2) | 0.059 (2) | 0.0524 (19) | 0.0248 (17) | 0.0139 (15) | 0.0097 (16) |
| C15 | 0.056 (2) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0492 (19) | 0.0380 (19) | 0.0113 (16) | 0.0105 (17) |
| C16 | 0.073 (2) | 0.063 (2) | 0.066 (2) | 0.039 (2) | 0.0136 (19) | 0.0012 (18) |
| C17 | 0.059 (2) | 0.054 (2) | 0.065 (2) | 0.0247 (17) | 0.0153 (17) | 0.0110 (17) |
| C18 | 0.066 (2) | 0.047 (2) | 0.077 (3) | 0.0274 (18) | 0.018 (2) | 0.0114 (17) |
| C19 | 0.056 (2) | 0.0402 (18) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0217 (16) | 0.0126 (17) | 0.0086 (16) |
| C20 | 0.062 (2) | 0.057 (2) | 0.077 (3) | 0.0304 (19) | 0.0102 (19) | 0.0050 (18) |
| C21 | 0.084 (3) | 0.059 (2) | 0.069 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.011 (2) | 0.0068 (18) |
| C22 | 0.082 (3) | 0.050 (2) | 0.089 (3) | 0.027 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.014 (2) |
| C23 | 0.061 (2) | 0.064 (2) | 0.103 (3) | 0.031 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.019 (2) |
| C24 | 0.061 (2) | 0.056 (2) | 0.079 (3) | 0.0292 (18) | 0.0149 (19) | 0.0149 (18) |
| C25 | 0.090 (3) | 0.067 (3) | 0.083 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.050 (2) | 0.017 (2) |
| C26 | 0.088 (3) | 0.053 (2) | 0.083 (3) | 0.033 (2) | 0.047 (2) | 0.0095 (18) |
| C27 | 0.0489 (18) | 0.0546 (19) | 0.0420 (16) | 0.0294 (16) | 0.0090 (13) | 0.0066 (14) |
| C28 | 0.060 (2) | 0.056 (2) | 0.078 (2) | 0.0229 (18) | 0.0246 (18) | −0.0046 (18) |
| C29 | 0.066 (2) | 0.063 (2) | 0.077 (3) | 0.026 (2) | 0.021 (2) | −0.0122 (19) |
| N1 | 0.0571 (17) | 0.067 (2) | 0.0516 (16) | 0.0300 (15) | 0.0159 (13) | 0.0041 (14) |
| N2 | 0.0552 (17) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0550 (17) | 0.0302 (16) | 0.0203 (13) | 0.0093 (15) |
| N3 | 0.073 (2) | 0.093 (2) | 0.072 (2) | 0.0439 (19) | 0.0284 (17) | 0.0050 (18) |
| N4 | 0.125 (3) | 0.118 (3) | 0.103 (3) | 0.062 (3) | 0.060 (3) | 0.037 (3) |
| N5 | 0.0637 (19) | 0.077 (2) | 0.0497 (16) | 0.0412 (18) | 0.0156 (14) | 0.0034 (15) |
| O1 | 0.0788 (18) | 0.0675 (17) | 0.0739 (17) | 0.0323 (14) | 0.0395 (14) | 0.0093 (14) |
| O2 | 0.0747 (17) | 0.0691 (17) | 0.0948 (19) | 0.0289 (15) | 0.0418 (15) | 0.0247 (15) |
| O3 | 0.0734 (18) | 0.095 (2) | 0.0739 (19) | 0.0426 (16) | 0.0169 (15) | 0.0200 (15) |
| O4 | 0.0781 (19) | 0.101 (2) | 0.098 (2) | 0.0563 (17) | 0.0312 (16) | 0.0246 (16) |
| O5 | 0.0724 (18) | 0.0648 (18) | 0.0782 (18) | 0.0317 (15) | 0.0163 (14) | 0.0169 (14) |
| O6 | 0.165 (5) | 0.067 (3) | 0.187 (6) | 0.018 (3) | 0.060 (4) | −0.015 (3) |
| O7 | 0.213 (8) | 0.156 (5) | 0.086 (4) | 0.072 (5) | 0.043 (4) | 0.021 (3) |
| O8 | 0.199 (8) | 0.095 (5) | 0.177 (7) | 0.077 (5) | 0.030 (6) | 0.017 (4) |
| O9 | 0.148 (6) | 0.210 (7) | 0.237 (8) | 0.084 (5) | 0.114 (6) | 0.047 (6) |
| Cl1 | 0.0960 (9) | 0.0596 (7) | 0.1150 (10) | 0.0368 (6) | 0.0438 (7) | 0.0144 (6) |
| O6' | 0.195 (12) | 0.143 (10) | 0.156 (10) | 0.094 (9) | 0.056 (8) | −0.036 (7) |
| O7' | 0.172 (11) | 0.162 (11) | 0.170 (12) | 0.048 (8) | 0.082 (9) | 0.058 (9) |
| O8' | 0.115 (9) | 0.063 (9) | 0.145 (11) | 0.045 (7) | −0.003 (7) | 0.037 (7) |
| O9' | 0.095 (8) | 0.096 (8) | 0.139 (10) | 0.051 (6) | −0.030 (7) | −0.010 (6) |
| Cl1' | 0.0960 (9) | 0.0596 (7) | 0.1150 (10) | 0.0368 (6) | 0.0438 (7) | 0.0144 (6) |
Geometric parameters (Å, °) top
| C1—N1 | 1.310 (5) | C18—C19 | 1.456 (5) |
| C1—C2 | 1.371 (5) | C19—C24 | 1.388 (5) |
| C1—H1 | 0.9300 | C19—C20 | 1.396 (5) |
| C2—C3 | 1.376 (5) | C20—C21 | 1.372 (5) |
| C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C20—H20 | 0.9300 |
| C3—C4 | 1.382 (4) | C21—C22 | 1.388 (6) |
| C3—C6 | 1.481 (4) | C21—H21 | 0.9300 |
| C4—C5 | 1.378 (5) | C22—N4 | 1.366 (5) |
| C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C22—C23 | 1.397 (6) |
| C5—N1 | 1.321 (4) | C23—C24 | 1.365 (5) |
| C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C23—H23 | 0.9300 |
| C6—C10 | 1.375 (5) | C24—H24 | 0.9300 |
| C6—C7 | 1.380 (4) | C25—N5 | 1.318 (5) |
| C7—C8 | 1.371 (5) | C25—C26 | 1.371 (5) |
| C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C25—H25 | 0.9300 |
| C8—N2 | 1.323 (5) | C26—C27 | 1.385 (5) |
| C8—H8 | 0.9300 | C26—H26 | 0.9300 |
| C9—N2 | 1.322 (5) | C27—C28 | 1.387 (5) |
| C9—C10 | 1.381 (5) | C27—C27i | 1.472 (6) |
| C9—H9 | 0.9300 | C28—C29 | 1.365 (5) |
| C10—H10 | 0.9300 | C28—H28 | 0.9300 |
| C11—O2 | 1.224 (4) | C29—N5 | 1.312 (5) |
| C11—O1 | 1.308 (4) | C29—H29 | 0.9300 |
| C11—C12 | 1.475 (5) | N3—H3A | 0.8600 |
| C12—C17 | 1.390 (5) | N3—H3B | 0.8600 |
| C12—C13 | 1.391 (5) | N4—H4A | 0.8600 |
| C13—C14 | 1.368 (4) | N4—H4B | 0.8600 |
| C13—H13 | 0.9300 | N5—H5C | 0.90 (5) |
| C14—C15 | 1.390 (5) | O1—H1C | 0.89 (4) |
| C14—H14 | 0.9300 | O3—H3C | 0.90 (5) |
| C15—N3 | 1.375 (4) | O5—H5A | 0.852 (11) |
| C15—C16 | 1.391 (5) | O5—H5B | 0.86 (4) |
| C16—C17 | 1.376 (5) | O6—Cl1 | 1.412 (4) |
| C16—H16 | 0.9300 | O7—Cl1 | 1.365 (4) |
| C17—H17 | 0.9300 | O8—Cl1 | 1.448 (5) |
| C18—O4 | 1.218 (4) | O9—Cl1 | 1.424 (5) |
| C18—O3 | 1.329 (4) | | |
| | | |
| N1—C1—C2 | 123.6 (3) | C24—C19—C20 | 118.0 (3) |
| N1—C1—H1 | 118.2 | C24—C19—C18 | 122.5 (3) |
| C2—C1—H1 | 118.2 | C20—C19—C18 | 119.5 (3) |
| C1—C2—C3 | 120.4 (3) | C21—C20—C19 | 121.0 (4) |
| C1—C2—H2 | 119.8 | C21—C20—H20 | 119.5 |
| C3—C2—H2 | 119.8 | C19—C20—H20 | 119.5 |
| C2—C3—C4 | 115.7 (3) | C20—C21—C22 | 120.8 (4) |
| C2—C3—C6 | 121.7 (3) | C20—C21—H21 | 119.6 |
| C4—C3—C6 | 122.6 (3) | C22—C21—H21 | 119.6 |
| C5—C4—C3 | 120.2 (3) | N4—C22—C21 | 120.8 (4) |
| C5—C4—H4 | 119.9 | N4—C22—C23 | 121.0 (4) |
| C3—C4—H4 | 119.9 | C21—C22—C23 | 118.2 (4) |
| N1—C5—C4 | 123.0 (3) | C24—C23—C22 | 120.9 (4) |
| N1—C5—H5 | 118.5 | C24—C23—H23 | 119.5 |
| C4—C5—H5 | 118.5 | C22—C23—H23 | 119.5 |
| C10—C6—C7 | 115.7 (3) | C23—C24—C19 | 121.1 (4) |
| C10—C6—C3 | 122.9 (3) | C23—C24—H24 | 119.4 |
| C7—C6—C3 | 121.4 (3) | C19—C24—H24 | 119.4 |
| C8—C7—C6 | 120.3 (3) | N5—C25—C26 | 122.2 (4) |
| C8—C7—H7 | 119.8 | N5—C25—H25 | 118.9 |
| C6—C7—H7 | 119.8 | C26—C25—H25 | 118.9 |
| N2—C8—C7 | 123.9 (3) | C25—C26—C27 | 119.9 (3) |
| N2—C8—H8 | 118.1 | C25—C26—H26 | 120.0 |
| C7—C8—H8 | 118.1 | C27—C26—H26 | 120.0 |
| N2—C9—C10 | 123.3 (3) | C26—C27—C28 | 116.4 (3) |
| N2—C9—H9 | 118.4 | C26—C27—C27i | 121.7 (4) |
| C10—C9—H9 | 118.4 | C28—C27—C27i | 121.9 (4) |
| C6—C10—C9 | 120.5 (3) | C29—C28—C27 | 120.0 (3) |
| C6—C10—H10 | 119.8 | C29—C28—H28 | 120.0 |
| C9—C10—H10 | 119.8 | C27—C28—H28 | 120.0 |
| O2—C11—O1 | 122.0 (3) | N5—C29—C28 | 122.5 (4) |
| O2—C11—C12 | 123.2 (3) | N5—C29—H29 | 118.8 |
| O1—C11—C12 | 114.8 (3) | C28—C29—H29 | 118.8 |
| C17—C12—C13 | 117.9 (3) | C1—N1—C5 | 117.1 (3) |
| C17—C12—C11 | 119.8 (3) | C9—N2—C8 | 116.4 (3) |
| C13—C12—C11 | 122.3 (3) | C15—N3—H3A | 120.0 |
| C14—C13—C12 | 121.3 (3) | C15—N3—H3B | 120.0 |
| C14—C13—H13 | 119.3 | H3A—N3—H3B | 120.0 |
| C12—C13—H13 | 119.3 | C22—N4—H4A | 120.0 |
| C13—C14—C15 | 120.6 (3) | C22—N4—H4B | 120.0 |
| C13—C14—H14 | 119.7 | H4A—N4—H4B | 120.0 |
| C15—C14—H14 | 119.7 | C29—N5—C25 | 119.1 (3) |
| N3—C15—C14 | 120.8 (3) | C29—N5—H5C | 120 (4) |
| N3—C15—C16 | 120.6 (3) | C25—N5—H5C | 121 (4) |
| C14—C15—C16 | 118.6 (3) | C11—O1—H1C | 114 (3) |
| C17—C16—C15 | 120.4 (3) | C18—O3—H3C | 108 (3) |
| C17—C16—H16 | 119.8 | H5A—O5—H5B | 110 (4) |
| C15—C16—H16 | 119.8 | O7—Cl1—O6 | 111.8 (4) |
| C16—C17—C12 | 121.2 (3) | O7—Cl1—O9 | 114.1 (5) |
| C16—C17—H17 | 119.4 | O6—Cl1—O9 | 107.3 (4) |
| C12—C17—H17 | 119.4 | O7—Cl1—O8 | 110.9 (4) |
| O4—C18—O3 | 120.9 (4) | O6—Cl1—O8 | 106.6 (5) |
| O4—C18—C19 | 124.5 (4) | O9—Cl1—O8 | 105.7 (5) |
| O3—C18—C19 | 114.6 (3) | | |
| | | |
| N1—C1—C2—C3 | −0.3 (7) | C13—C12—C17—C16 | −0.5 (5) |
| C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.5 (6) | C11—C12—C17—C16 | 179.7 (3) |
| C1—C2—C3—C6 | −179.4 (4) | O4—C18—C19—C24 | −178.5 (3) |
| C2—C3—C4—C5 | 0.6 (5) | O3—C18—C19—C24 | 1.6 (5) |
| C6—C3—C4—C5 | 179.5 (3) | O4—C18—C19—C20 | 0.3 (5) |
| C3—C4—C5—N1 | 0.1 (6) | O3—C18—C19—C20 | −179.6 (3) |
| C2—C3—C6—C10 | 178.6 (3) | C24—C19—C20—C21 | −0.3 (5) |
| C4—C3—C6—C10 | −0.3 (5) | C18—C19—C20—C21 | −179.2 (3) |
| C2—C3—C6—C7 | −3.3 (5) | C19—C20—C21—C22 | 0.3 (5) |
| C4—C3—C6—C7 | 177.8 (3) | C20—C21—C22—N4 | 178.3 (4) |
| C10—C6—C7—C8 | −0.2 (5) | C20—C21—C22—C23 | −0.3 (5) |
| C3—C6—C7—C8 | −178.4 (3) | N4—C22—C23—C24 | −178.3 (4) |
| C6—C7—C8—N2 | 0.4 (6) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | 0.3 (6) |
| C7—C6—C10—C9 | −0.1 (6) | C22—C23—C24—C19 | −0.4 (6) |
| C3—C6—C10—C9 | 178.1 (3) | C20—C19—C24—C23 | 0.4 (5) |
| N2—C9—C10—C6 | 0.1 (7) | C18—C19—C24—C23 | 179.2 (3) |
| O2—C11—C12—C17 | −3.6 (5) | N5—C25—C26—C27 | 1.0 (7) |
| O1—C11—C12—C17 | 175.5 (3) | C25—C26—C27—C28 | 0.0 (6) |
| O2—C11—C12—C13 | 176.5 (3) | C25—C26—C27—C27i | −179.4 (4) |
| O1—C11—C12—C13 | −4.3 (5) | C26—C27—C28—C29 | −0.5 (5) |
| C17—C12—C13—C14 | 0.8 (5) | C27i—C27—C28—C29 | 178.9 (4) |
| C11—C12—C13—C14 | −179.3 (3) | C27—C28—C29—N5 | 0.1 (6) |
| C12—C13—C14—C15 | −0.1 (5) | C2—C1—N1—C5 | 1.0 (6) |
| C13—C14—C15—N3 | 178.5 (3) | C4—C5—N1—C1 | −0.9 (6) |
| C13—C14—C15—C16 | −1.1 (5) | C10—C9—N2—C8 | 0.0 (6) |
| N3—C15—C16—C17 | −178.2 (3) | C7—C8—N2—C9 | −0.3 (6) |
| C14—C15—C16—C17 | 1.4 (5) | C28—C29—N5—C25 | 0.9 (6) |
| C15—C16—C17—C12 | −0.6 (5) | C26—C25—N5—C29 | −1.5 (6) |
| Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+1, −z+1. |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
| D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
| O1—H1C···N2ii | 0.89 (4) | 1.78 (4) | 2.673 (4) | 174 (5) |
| O3—H3C···O5iii | 0.90 (5) | 1.72 (4) | 2.609 (4) | 168 (5) |
| O5—H5B···O4iv | 0.86 (4) | 1.93 (4) | 2.775 (4) | 171 (4) |
| O5—H5A···O2v | 0.85 (1) | 1.90 (1) | 2.739 (4) | 167 (3) |
| N5—H5C···N1 | 0.90 (5) | 1.78 (5) | 2.680 (4) | 175 (5) |
| N3—H3A···O6 | 0.86 | 2.24 | 3.079 (6) | 166 |
| N3—H3A···O7' | 0.86 | 2.31 | 3.113 (15) | 156 |
| N3—H3B···O6vi | 0.86 | 2.25 | 3.085 (8) | 166 |
| N3—H3B···O6'vi | 0.86 | 2.09 | 2.917 (18) | 162 |
| N4—H4A···O8vii | 0.86 | 2.22 | 3.028 (10) | 157 |
| N4—H4A···O8'vii | 0.86 | 2.55 | 3.351 (19) | 156 |
| N4—H4B···O8 | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.174 (13) | 129 |
| N4—H4B···O8' | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.25 (2) | 136 |
| Symmetry codes: (ii) −x+2, −y+1, −z; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (iv) x−1, y+1, z; (v) x−1, y, z; (vi) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (vii) −x+1, −y, −z+1. |
Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °) top
| D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
| O1—H1C···N2i | 0.89 (4) | 1.78 (4) | 2.673 (4) | 174 (5) |
| O3—H3C···O5ii | 0.90 (5) | 1.72 (4) | 2.609 (4) | 168 (5) |
| O5—H5B···O4iii | 0.86 (4) | 1.93 (4) | 2.775 (4) | 171 (4) |
| O5—H5A···O2iv | 0.85 (1) | 1.90 (1) | 2.739 (4) | 167 (3) |
| N5—H5C···N1 | 0.90 (5) | 1.78 (5) | 2.680 (4) | 175 (5) |
| N3—H3A···O6 | 0.86 | 2.24 | 3.079 (6) | 166 |
| N3—H3A···O7' | 0.86 | 2.31 | 3.113 (15) | 156 |
| N3—H3B···O6v | 0.86 | 2.25 | 3.085 (8) | 166 |
| N3—H3B···O6'v | 0.86 | 2.09 | 2.917 (18) | 162 |
| N4—H4A···O8vi | 0.86 | 2.22 | 3.028 (10) | 157 |
| N4—H4A···O8'vi | 0.86 | 2.55 | 3.351 (19) | 156 |
| N4—H4B···O8 | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.174 (13) | 129 |
| N4—H4B···O8' | 0.86 | 2.57 | 3.25 (2) | 136 |
| Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z; (iii) x−1, y+1, z; (iv) x−1, y, z; (v) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1; (vi) −x+1, −y, −z+1. |
The authors acknowledge South China Normal University for supporting this work.
Bruker (2004). APEX2 and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Clemente, D. A. & Marzotto, A. (2004). Acta Cryst. B60, 287–292.
Hu, D. H., Huang, W., Gou, S. H., Fang, J. L. & Fun, H. K. (2003). Polyhedron, 22, 2661–2667.
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.
Yang, G. P., Wang, Z. Y. & Chen, J. T. (2004). J. Mol. Struct., 707, 223–229.
Hydrogen-bonding interactions between ligands are specific and directional. In this sense, 4-aminobenzoic acid and 4,4-bipyridine are the excellent candidates for the construction of three-dimensional network motifs, as they form regular hydrogen bonds functioning as both hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors (Clemente & Marzotto, 2004; Hu et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2004). Recently, we obtained the title compound under hydrothermal conditions and report its crystal structure herein.
In the title compound (Fig. 1), all bond lengths and angles are unexceptional. The 4,4'-bipyridinium cation, which is located on a centre of symmetry, acts as a N—H hydrogen bond donor on both sides to unprotonated 4,4'-bipyridine molecules, which in turn act as O—H hydrogen bond acceptors from one of the two independent 4-aminobenzoic acid molecules. Two 4-aminobenzoic acid molecules, two 4,4'-bipyridine molecules and the cation are thus connected by hydrogen bonding interactions to form a linear centrosymmetric chain running parallel to the [3 0 2] direction. These chains are further connected by O—H···O and N—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 1) via the interstitial solvate water molecules, the perchlorate anions and the other 4-aminobenzoic acid molecules, forming a three-dimensional network (Fig. 2). The crystal packing is stabilized by π-π stacking interactions involving both pyridine rings of the unprotonated 4,4'-bipyridine molecule, the N5/C25-C29 pyridine ring of the cation and the C12-C17 benzene ring of one 4-aminobenzoic acid molecule: Cg1···Cg2i = 3.695 (6) Å; Cg1···Cg3 = 3.663 (6) Å; Cg3···Cg4ii = 3.674 (7) Å [Cg1, Cg2, Cg3 and Cg4 are the centroids of the N1/C1–C5, N2/C6–C10, C12–CC17 and N5/C25–C29 rings, respectively. Symmetry codes: (i) = 1-x, 1-y, -z; (ii) = 1-x, y, z].