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Figure 1
(a) High-temperature centrosymmetric crystal structure (P63/mmc) of hexagonal RMnO3. The arrows indicate displacements of ions at the ferroelectric phase transition. (b) Ferroelectric P63cm structure below TC. Owing to the tilting of MnO5 bipyramids, OT and OP in (a) become inequivalent O1 and O2, and O3 and O4 (×2), respectively. Also, the tilting pushes the rare earth R1 and R2 ions along the c axis, resulting in a buckling of the rare earth ions.

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