inorganic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoSTRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY
ISSN: 2053-2296

A tetra­gonal form of dysprosium orthomolybdate at room temperature

CROSSMARK_Color_square_no_text.svg

aBaikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sakhyanova Street 6, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, bInstitute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany, and cKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: a.e.sarapulova@ifw-dresden.de

(Received 15 June 2011; accepted 18 August 2011; online 15 September 2011)

In the present tetra­gonal modification of dysprosium orthomolybdate, Dy2(MoO4)3, the Dy, one Mo and one O atom are located on a mirror plane with Wyckoff symbol 4e, while another Mo atom is located on a fourfold inverse axis, Wyckoff symbol 2a. A single crystal was selected from a polycrystalline mixture of the Dy2O3–ZrO2–MoO3 system and was stable at room temperature for at least three months. The structure refinement does not indicate the presence of Zr on the Dy sites (to within 1% accuracy). Thus, the stabilization of the tetra­gonal form is due to disordered positions for a second O atom and split positions for a third O atom that also maintain the DyO7 coordination, which is not expected for short Dy—O distances [2.243 (6)–2.393 (5) Å].

Comment

It is known that the molybdates of the rare earth elements show inter­esting fluorescence, laser, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and ferroelastic properties, and they are used as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds such as toluene and isobutene (Smet et al., 2001[Smet, F. D., Ruiz, P., Delmon, B. & Devillers, M. (2001). J. Phys. Chem. 105, 12355-12363.]; Wang et al., 2008[Wang, X., Xian, Y., Wang, G., Shi, J., Su, Q. & Gong, M. (2008). Opt. Mater. 133, 33-39.]; Nassau et al., 1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]; Wenxing et al., 1999[Wenxing, K., Yining, F., Kaidong, C. & Yi, C. (1999). J. Catal. 186, 310-317.]). The crystal chemistry of molybdenum compounds is very rich because Mo adopts different oxidation states and therefore forms various coordination polyhedra, such as tetra­hedra (Nassau et al., 1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]), pyramids (Alonso et al., 2004[Alonso, J. A., Rivillas, F., Martínez-Lope, M. J. & Pomjakushin, V. (2004). J. Solid State Chem. 177, 2470-2476.]) and octa­hedra (Gall et al., 2002[Gall, P., Barrier, N., Gautier, R. & Gougeon, R. (2002). Inorg. Chem. 41, 2879-2885.]). For example, Gall et al. (2002[Gall, P., Barrier, N., Gautier, R. & Gougeon, R. (2002). Inorg. Chem. 41, 2879-2885.]) synthesized molybdates R4Mo4O11 (R = Gd–Tm) with an average oxidation state for Mo of +2.5 and explained the stabilization of the crystal structures through the distortion of trans-edge-sharing Mo octa­hedra, based on theoretical calculations. With higher oxidation states Mo forms fivefold oxygen coordination, as in the Dy2MoO6 structure (Alonso et al., 2004[Alonso, J. A., Rivillas, F., Martínez-Lope, M. J. & Pomjakushin, V. (2004). J. Solid State Chem. 177, 2470-2476.]).

Rare earth molybdates with M2(MoO4)3 stoichiometry exist in several polymorphs, depending on the temperature and the specific rare earth element (Nassau et al., 1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]). A high-temperature β-form is stable at temperatures above 1023–1153 K. The transition from the β-modification to the room-temperature α-form is kinetically prevented during cooling and takes place via a β′ phase, which is metastable at room temperature for a long time. For example, crystals of Gd2(MoO4)3 exist in the metastable Pba2 (Keve et al., 1970[Keve, E. T., Abrahams, S. C., Nassau, K. & Glass, A. M. (1970). Solid State Commun. 8, 1517-1520.]) form under ambient conditions for years, although the stable low-temperature form is monoclinic (Nassau et al., 1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]). Both the tetra­gonal and ortho­rhom­bic polymorphic modifications contain a network of corner-sharing polyhedra, in which Gd and Mo cations are coordinated by seven and four O atoms, respectively.

Borchardt & Bierstedt (1967[Borchardt, H. J. & Bierstedt, P. E. (1967). J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2057-2061.]) showed that Gd2(MoO4)3 and the isostructural molybdates of Sm, Eu, Tb and Dy undergo ferroelectric phase transformations in the temperature range 423 K < T0 < 463 K. Gadolinium molybdate, Gd2(MoO4)3, with a ferroelectric–ferroelastic transition temperature of about 433 K, crystallizes in the space group Pba2 (metastable form) below the phase transition and in the space group P[\overline{4}]21m above it (Jeitschko, 1972[Jeitschko, W. (1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 60-76.]). The para­electric structure at elevated temperature approaches the average structure of the two ferroelectric–ferroelastic orientations (Jeitschko, 1972[Jeitschko, W. (1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 60-76.]). Zou et al. (1999[Zou, Y.-Q., Chen, L., Gao, X.-Y., Tang, D.-Y. & Luo, Z.-D. (1999). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 18, 447-450.]) mentioned that the β-modification of (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3 with tetra­gonal symmetry can exist at room temperature.

Dysprosium molybdate, Dy2(MoO4)3, shows a ferroelectric–ferroelastic transition below 418 K (Roy et al., 1989[Roy, M., Choudhary, R. N. P. & Acharya, H. N. (1989). J. Therm. Anal. 35, 1471-1476.]). According to X-ray powder diffraction, the ferroelectric phase crystallizes in ortho­rhom­bic symmetry (space group Pba2; Roy et al., 1989[Roy, M., Choudhary, R. N. P. & Acharya, H. N. (1989). J. Therm. Anal. 35, 1471-1476.]). Above 1303 K, a reconstructive phase transition into a cubic form of Dy2(MoO4)3 was reported (Roy et al., 1989[Roy, M., Choudhary, R. N. P. & Acharya, H. N. (1989). J. Therm. Anal. 35, 1471-1476.]; Brixner, 1973[Brixner, L. H. (1973). J. Cryst. Growth, 18, 297-302.]).

In this work, single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 have been obtained with the high-temperature β-form tetra­gonal crystal structure, and the structure refinement based on room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction data has been performed.

According to the single-crystal experiment, dysprosium molybdate shows tetra­gonal symmetry at room temperature, space group P[\overline{4}]21m, with unit-cell parameters a = 7.295 (2) Å and c = 10.578 (4) Å. On the one hand, the reason for the existence of the tetra­gonal high-temperature structure at room temperature is not clear, because a monoclinic form of Dy2(MoO4)3 has been observed below 1043 K (Nassau et al., 1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]). On the other hand, the symmetry of the low-temperature forms of related compounds is strongly dependent on the synthesis conditions and cation stoichiometry. For example, for the Nd-substituted phase (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3, obtained by the Czochralsky method, a tetra­gonal crystal structure was found at room temperature by Zou et al. (1999[Zou, Y.-Q., Chen, L., Gao, X.-Y., Tang, D.-Y. & Luo, Z.-D. (1999). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 18, 447-450.]). Even a 2% cation substitution of Gd through Nd stabilizes a high-temperature form in the space group P[\overline{4}]21m with a = 7.356 (1) Å and c = 10.685 (2) Å. The tetra­gonal Dy2(MoO4)3 form, obtained in the present work, is stable at room temperature for at least three months (the structure investigation was repeated after three months in storage). The stabilization of the tetra­gonal structure could be due to a small replacement of Dy by Zr atoms, analogous to (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3. However, the refinement of the Dy2(MoO4)3 structure does not indicate the presence of Zr on Dy sites to within 1% accuracy.

The field stability regions for the various types of R2(MoO4)3 structures, shown by Nassau et al. (1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]), depend on temperature and the radius of the rare earth cation. The present Dy2(MoO4)3 compound is situated between Gd2(MoO4)3, which has the metastable β′-phase at room temperature, and Y2(MoO4)3, which has a tetra­gonal modification in the extended temperature region down to room temperature. The crystal structure of Dy2(MoO4)3 is formed by corner-sharing MoO4 tetra­hedra and Dy polyhedra coordinated by seven O atoms (Figs. 1[link] and 2[link]). In this structure, there are two types of Mo tetra­hedra, a regular one and a distorted one, with average Mo—O distances of 1.743 (7) and 1.76 (5) Å, respectively. The DyO7 polyhedron is characterized by Dy—O distances in the range 2.243 (6)–2.393 (5) Å (Table 1[link]), slightly shorter than those for the coordination polyhedron of Gd in the previously published (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3 structure mentioned above [2.258 (12)–2.418 (8) Å]. Such compression of the structure can be explained by the slightly smaller size of the Dy3+ cation (0.97 Å) compared with the Gd3+ cation (1.0 Å), according to the Shannon ionic radii (Shannon, 1976[Shannon, R. D. (1976). Acta Cryst. A32, 751-767.]). For another molybdate, Dy2MoO6, with the MoVI oxidation state, longer Dy—O inter­atomic distances [2.381 (6), 2.401 (7) and 2.421 (7) Å] lead to an eightfold oxygen coordination of Dy (Alonso et al., 2004[Alonso, J. A., Rivillas, F., Martínez-Lope, M. J. & Pomjakushin, V. (2004). J. Solid State Chem. 177, 2470-2476.]).

Nassau et al. (1971[Nassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411-419.]) systematized the crystal structures of R2(MoO4)3 according to their rare earth ionic radii and oxygen coordination polyhedra ROx. For example, eightfold oxygen coordination is characteristic for the A family of R2(MoO4)3 with large rare earth cations such as La, Pr or Pm, and scheelite- or pseudoscheelite-type structures. Due to the shorter Dy—O distances in the tetra­gonal form of Dy2(MoO4)3, one would expect a sixfold oxygen coordination of Dy and an ortho­rhom­bic crystal structure like Er2(MoO4)3, but the slightly disordered oxygen positions do not distort the structure symmetry and maintain the DyO7 coordination. Disordered atoms O3 and O4 make the structure more flexible, atom O3 lying in the vicinity of a mirror plane and atom O4 on a general position. The distance from atom O3 to its mirror image is 0.44 (3) Å, and this seems advantageous for sevenfold oxygen coordination.

The shortest metal–metal distances in the title structure are Dy1⋯Mo1ii = 3.7343 (15) Å, Dy1⋯Dy1ii = 3.8572 (17) Å and Mo1⋯Mo1ii = 4.243 (3) Å [symmetry code: (ii) −y + 1, x, −z + 1].

[Figure 1]
Figure 1
The Dy2(MoO4)3 tetra­gonal unit cell, showing the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 70% probability level.
[Figure 2]
Figure 2
The structural model of Dy2(MoO4)3, viewed along the b axis. Dark-grey tetra­hedra are formed by Mo atoms and light-grey polyhedra by Dy atoms. The positions for atoms O3, O4A and O4B were taken as the average between two close values.

Experimental

Single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 were obtained during an investigation of the Dy2O3–ZrO2–MoO3 phase diagram in an evacuated sealed silica tube from a Dy2Zr(MoO4)5 composition by heating to 1273 K, followed by cooling at a rate of 5 K h−1 to 1073 K, after which the tube was cooled to room temperature by switching off the heating. From the resulting multiphase polycrystalline mixture, colourless single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 were selected using an optical microscope.

Crystal data
  • Dy2Mo3O12

  • Mr = 804.82

  • Tetragonal, [P \overline 42_1 m ]

  • a = 7.295 (2) Å

  • c = 10.578 (4) Å

  • V = 562.9 (3) Å3

  • Z = 2

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 16.41 mm−1

  • T = 296 K

  • 0.08 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2004[Bruker (2004). APEX2 (Version 1.08), SAINT (Version 7.03) and SADABS (Version 2.11). Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]) Tmin = 0.319, Tmax = 0.374

  • 2641 measured reflections

  • 723 independent reflections

  • 645 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.054

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029

  • wR(F2) = 0.045

  • S = 0.97

  • 723 reflections

  • 44 parameters

  • Δρmax = 1.04 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.88 e Å−3

  • Absolute structure: Flack (1983[Flack, H. D. (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 876-881.]), with 287 Friedel pairs

  • Flack parameter: 0.02 (2)

Table 1
Selected bond lengths and contact distances (Å)

Dy1—O2 2.243 (6)
Dy1—O3 2.304 (9)
Dy1—O4Ai 2.307 (15)
Dy1—O4Bi 2.351 (14)
Dy1—O1ii 2.393 (5)
Mo1—O4B 1.697 (13)
Mo1—O3 1.745 (9)
Mo1—O1 1.784 (8)
Mo1—O4A 1.803 (16)
Mo2—O2 1.743 (7)
Symmetry codes: (i) y, -x+1, -z+1; (ii) -y+1, x, -z+1.

Due to the large atomic displacement parameters, a split position from the original position on a mirror plane was introduced for atom O3, with an occupancy of 0.5. Atom O4 was disordered over two sites (O4A and O4B) separated by 0.63 (2) Å. Atoms O4A and O4B were refined with a common displacement parameter and their occupancy factor was constrained to sum to 1. These positions (O3, O4A and O4B) were then refined with isotropic displacement parameters.

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004[Bruker (2004). APEX2 (Version 1.08), SAINT (Version 7.03) and SADABS (Version 2.11). Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2004[Bruker (2004). APEX2 (Version 1.08), SAINT (Version 7.03) and SADABS (Version 2.11). Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2008[Brandenburg, K. (2008). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Supporting information


Comment top

It is known that the molybdates of the rare earth elements show interesting fluorescence, laser, piezoelectric, ferroelectric and ferroelastic properties, and are used as catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds such as toluene or isobutene (Smet et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2008; Nassau et al., 1971; Wenxing et al., 1999). The crystal chemistry of molybdenum compounds is very rich, because Mo adopts different oxidation states and therefore forms various coordination polyhedra, such as tetrahedra (Nassau et al., 1971), pyramids (Alonso et al., 2004) and octahedra (Gall et al., 2002). For example, Gall et al. (2002) synthesized molybdates R4Mo4O11 (R = Gd–Tm) with an average oxidation state for Mo of +2.5 and explained the stabilization of the crystal structures through the distortion of trans-edge-sharing Mo octahedra, based on theoretical calculations. With higher oxidation states Mo forms five-fold oxygen coordination, as in the Dy2MoO6 structure (Alonso et al., 2004).

Rare earth molybdates with M2(MoO4)3 stoichiometry exist in several polymorphs depending on the temperature and the specific rare earth element (Nassau et al., 1971). A high-temperature β-form is stable at temperatures above 1023–1153 K. The transition from the β-modification to the room-temperature α-form is kinetically prevented during cooling and takes place via a β' phase, which is metastable at room temperature for a long time. For example, crystals of Gd2(MoO4)3 exist in the metastable Pba2 (Keve et al., 1970) form under ambient conditions for years, although the stable low-temperature form is monoclinic (Nassau et al., 1971). Both tetragonal and orthorhombic polymorphic modifications contain a network of corner-sharing polyhedra, in which Gd and Mo cations are coordinated by seven and four O atoms, respectively.

Borchardt & Bierstedt (1967) showed that Gd2(MoO4)3 and the isostructural molybdates of Sm, Eu, Tb and Dy undergo ferroelectric phase transformations in the temperature range 423 K < T0 < 463 K. Gadolinium molybdate, Gd2(MoO4)3, with a ferroelectric–ferroelastic transition temperature of about 433 K, crystallizes in the space group Pba2 (metastable form) below the phase transition and in the space group P421m above it (Jeitschko, 1972). The paraelectric structure at elevated temperature approaches the average structure of the two ferroelectric–ferroelastic orientations (Jeitschko, 1972). Zou et al. (1999) mentioned that the β-modification of (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3 with tetragonal symmetry can exist at room temperature.

Dysprosium molybdate, Dy2(MoO4)3, shows a ferroelectric–ferroelastic transition below 418 K (Roy et al., 1989). According to X-ray powder diffraction, the ferroelectric phase crystallizes in orthorhombic symmetry (space group Pba2; Roy et al., 1989). Above 1303 K, a reconstructive phase transition into a cubic form of Dy2(MoO4)3 was reported (Roy et al., 1989; Brixner, 1973).

In this work, single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 with the high-temperature β-form tetragonal crystal structure have been obtained, and the structure refinement based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data has been performed at room temperature.

According to the single-crystal experiment, dysprosium molybdate shows tetragonal symmetry at room temperature, space group P421m, with unit-cell parameters a = 7.295 (2) Å and c = 10.578 (4) Å. On the one hand, the reason for the existence of the tetragonal high-temperature structure at room temperature is not clear, because a monoclinic form of Dy2(MoO4)3 has been observed below 1043 K (Nassau et al., 1971). On the other hand, the symmetry of the low-temperature forms of related compounds is strongly dependent on the synthesis conditions and cation stoichiometry. For example, for the Nd-substituted phase (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3, obtained by the Czochralsky method, a tetragonal crystal structure was found by Zou et al. (1999) at room temperature. Even a 2% cation substitution of Gd through Nd stabilizes a high-temperature form in space group P421m with a = 7.356 (1) Å and c = 10.685 (2) Å. The tetragonal Dy2(MoO4)3 form, obtained in present work, is stable at room temperature for at least three months (the structure investigation was repeated after three months in storage). The stabilization of the tetragonal structure could be due to a small replacement of Dy by Zr atoms, analogous to (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3. However, the refinement of the Dy2(MoO4)3 structure does not indicate the presence of Zr on Dy sites to within 1% inaccuracy.

The field stability regions for the various types of R2(MoO4)3 structures, shown by Nassau et al. (1971), depend on temperature and the radius of the rare earth cation. The present Dy2(MoO4)3 compound is situated between Gd2(MoO4)3, which has the metastable β'-phase at room temperature, and Y2(MoO4)3, which has a tetragonal modification in the extended temperature region down to room temperature. The crystal structure of Dy2(MoO4)3 is formed by corner-sharing MoO4 tetrahedra and Dy polyhedra coordinated by seven O atoms (Figs. 1 and 2). In this structure there are two types of Mo tetrahedra, a regular one and a distorted one, with average Mo—O distances of 1.743 (7) and 1.76 (5) Å, respectively. The DyO7 polyhedron is characterized by Dy—O distances in the range 2.243 (6)–2.393 (5) Å (Table 1), slightly shorter than those for the coordination polyhedron of Gd in the previously published (Nd0.023Gd0.977)2(MoO4)3 structure mentioned above [2.258 (12)–2.418 (8) Å]. Such compression of the structure can be explained by the slightly smaller size of the Dy3+ cation (0.97 Å) compared with the Gd3+ cation (1.0 Å), according to the Shannon ionic radii (Shannon, 1976). For another molybdate, Dy2MoO6, with the MoVI oxidation state, longer Dy—O interatomic distances [2.381 (6), 2.401 (7) and 2.421 (7) Å) lead to an eight-fold oxygen coordination of Dy (Alonso et al., 2004).

Nassau et al. (1971) systematized the crystal structures of R2(MoO4)3 according to their rare earth ionic radius and oxygen coordination polyhedra ROx. For example, eight-fold oxygen coordination is characteristic for the A family of R2(MoO4)3 with large rare earth cations such as La, Pr or Pm, and scheelite- or pseudoscheelite-type structures. Due to the shorter Dy—O distances in the tetragonal form of Dy2(MoO4)3, one would expect a six-fold oxygen coordination of Dy and an orthorhombic crystal structure like Er2(MoO4)3, but the slightly disordered oxygen positions do not distort the structure symmetry and maintain the DyO7 coordination. Disordered atoms O3 and O4 make the structure more flexible, atom O3 lying in the vicinity of a mirror plane and atom O4 on a general position. The distance from atom O3 to its mirror image is 0.44 (3) Å, and this seems advantageous for seven-fold oxygen coordination.

The shortest metal···metal distances in the title structure are Dy1···Mo1(-y + 1, x, -z + 1) = 3.7343(15 Å, Dy1···Dy1(-y + 1, x, -z + 1) = 3.8572 (17) Å and Mo1···Mo1(-y + 1, x, -z + 1) = 4.243 (3) Å.

Related literature top

For related literature, see: Alonso et al. (2004); Borchardt & Bierstedt (1967); Brixner (1973); Gall et al. (2002); Jeitschko (1972); Keve et al. (1970); Nassau et al. (1971); Roy et al. (1989); Shannon (1976); Smet et al. (2001); Wang et al. (2008); Wenxing et al. (1999); Zou et al. (1999).

Experimental top

Single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 were obtained during an investigation of the Dy2O3–ZrO2–MoO3 phase diagram in an evacuated sealed silica tube from a Dy2Zr(MoO4)5 composition by heating up to 1273 K, followed by cooling at a rate of 5 K h-1 down to 1073 K, after which the tube was cooled to room temperature by switching off the heating. From the resulting multiphase polycrystalline mixture, colourless single crystals of Dy2(MoO4)3 were selected using an optical microscope.

Refinement top

Due to the large atomic displacement parameters, a split position from the original position on a mirror plane for atom O3 was introduced with an occupancy of 0.5. Atom O4 was disordered over two sites (O4A and O4B) separated by 0.63 (2) Å. Atoms O4A and O4B were refined with a common displacement parameter and their occupancy factor was constrained to sum to 1. These positions (O3, O4A and O4B) were then refined with isotropic displacement parameters.

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2004); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The Dy2(MoO4)3 tetragonal unit cell, showing the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 70% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The structural model of Dy2(MoO4)3, viewed along the b axis. Dark-grey tetrahedra are formed by Mo atoms and light-grey polyhedra by Dy atoms. The positions for atoms O3, O4A and O4B were taken as the average between two close values.
Dysprosium orthomolybdate top
Crystal data top
Dy2Mo3O12Dx = 4.748 Mg m3
Mr = 804.82Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Tetragonal, P421mCell parameters from 727 reflections
Hall symbol: P -4 2abθ = 1.9–27.5°
a = 7.295 (2) ŵ = 16.41 mm1
c = 10.578 (4) ÅT = 296 K
V = 562.9 (3) Å3Prism, colourless
Z = 20.08 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm
F(000) = 708
Data collection top
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector
diffractometer
723 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube645 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.054
Detector resolution: 25 pixels mm-1θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.9°
ϕ scansh = 89
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2004)
k = 97
Tmin = 0.319, Tmax = 0.374l = 138
2641 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: full w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0063P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
wR(F2) = 0.045Δρmax = 1.04 e Å3
S = 0.97Δρmin = 0.88 e Å3
723 reflectionsExtinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
44 parametersExtinction coefficient: 0.00073 (19)
0 restraintsAbsolute structure: Flack (1983), with 287 Friedel pairs
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsAbsolute structure parameter: 0.02 (2)
Crystal data top
Dy2Mo3O12Z = 2
Mr = 804.82Mo Kα radiation
Tetragonal, P421mµ = 16.41 mm1
a = 7.295 (2) ÅT = 296 K
c = 10.578 (4) Å0.08 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm
V = 562.9 (3) Å3
Data collection top
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector
diffractometer
723 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2004)
645 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.319, Tmax = 0.374Rint = 0.054
2641 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0290 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.045Δρmax = 1.04 e Å3
S = 0.97Δρmin = 0.88 e Å3
723 reflectionsAbsolute structure: Flack (1983), with 287 Friedel pairs
44 parametersAbsolute structure parameter: 0.02 (2)
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Dy10.81307 (5)0.31307 (5)0.26269 (5)0.00987 (17)
Mo10.79435 (11)0.29435 (11)0.64262 (10)0.0107 (3)
Mo21.00000.00000.00000.0127 (4)
O10.6285 (8)0.1285 (8)0.6903 (9)0.014 (2)
O20.9586 (8)0.1890 (9)0.0967 (6)0.0226 (15)
O30.8279 (18)0.2853 (18)0.4794 (8)0.014 (3)*0.50
O4A0.683 (3)0.505 (2)0.6869 (16)0.020 (2)*0.48 (2)
O4B0.762 (3)0.5017 (18)0.7117 (14)0.020 (2)*0.52 (2)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Dy10.0104 (2)0.0104 (2)0.0087 (3)0.0025 (3)0.00039 (19)0.00039 (19)
Mo10.0109 (3)0.0109 (3)0.0102 (6)0.0027 (5)0.0001 (3)0.0001 (3)
Mo20.0165 (5)0.0165 (5)0.0052 (7)0.0000.0000.000
O10.010 (3)0.010 (3)0.022 (5)0.001 (3)0.001 (3)0.001 (3)
O20.026 (4)0.027 (4)0.015 (3)0.002 (4)0.006 (3)0.008 (4)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Dy1—O2i2.243 (6)Mo1—O11.784 (8)
Dy1—O22.243 (6)Mo1—O4A1.803 (16)
Dy1—O3i2.304 (9)Mo1—O4Ai1.803 (16)
Dy1—O32.304 (9)Mo2—O2vi1.743 (7)
Dy1—O4Aii2.307 (15)Mo2—O21.743 (7)
Dy1—O4Aiii2.307 (15)Mo2—O2vii1.743 (7)
Dy1—O4Bii2.351 (14)Mo2—O2viii1.743 (7)
Dy1—O4Biii2.351 (14)O1—Dy1ii2.393 (5)
Dy1—O1iv2.393 (5)O1—Dy1ix2.393 (5)
Dy1—O1v2.393 (5)O3—O3i0.44 (3)
Mo1—O4Bi1.697 (13)O4A—O4B0.632 (17)
Mo1—O4B1.697 (13)O4A—Dy1iv2.307 (15)
Mo1—O31.745 (9)O4B—Dy1iv2.351 (14)
Mo1—O3i1.745 (9)
O2i—Dy1—O276.6 (3)O4Biii—Dy1—O4Ax62.2 (7)
O2i—Dy1—O3i136.2 (4)O1iv—Dy1—O4Ax117.2 (3)
O2—Dy1—O3i147.1 (4)O1v—Dy1—O4Ax50.5 (3)
O2i—Dy1—O3147.1 (4)O4Aiv—Dy1—O4Ax161.0 (5)
O2—Dy1—O3136.2 (4)O4Bi—Mo1—O4B93.7 (13)
O3i—Dy1—O311.0 (8)O4Bi—Mo1—O3107.2 (7)
O2i—Dy1—O4Aii77.4 (4)O4B—Mo1—O3118.7 (7)
O2—Dy1—O4Aii130.3 (5)O4Bi—Mo1—O3i118.7 (7)
O3i—Dy1—O4Aii71.6 (5)O4B—Mo1—O3i107.2 (7)
O3—Dy1—O4Aii79.4 (5)O3—Mo1—O3i14.5 (11)
O2i—Dy1—O4Aiii130.3 (5)O4Bi—Mo1—O1112.8 (6)
O2—Dy1—O4Aiii77.4 (4)O4B—Mo1—O1112.8 (6)
O3i—Dy1—O4Aiii79.4 (5)O3—Mo1—O1110.4 (4)
O3—Dy1—O4Aiii71.6 (5)O3i—Mo1—O1110.4 (4)
O4Aii—Dy1—O4Aiii88.3 (10)O4Bi—Mo1—O4A114.2 (13)
O2i—Dy1—O4Bii79.1 (4)O4B—Mo1—O4A20.5 (6)
O2—Dy1—O4Bii117.0 (5)O3—Mo1—O4A110.7 (7)
O3i—Dy1—O4Bii79.1 (5)O3i—Mo1—O4A96.9 (8)
O3—Dy1—O4Bii84.9 (4)O1—Mo1—O4A101.5 (6)
O4Aii—Dy1—O4Bii15.6 (4)O4Bi—Mo1—O4Ai20.5 (6)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O4Bii76.1 (8)O4B—Mo1—O4Ai114.2 (13)
O2i—Dy1—O4Biii117.0 (5)O3—Mo1—O4Ai96.9 (8)
O2—Dy1—O4Biii79.1 (4)O3i—Mo1—O4Ai110.7 (7)
O3i—Dy1—O4Biii84.9 (4)O1—Mo1—O4Ai101.5 (6)
O3—Dy1—O4Biii79.1 (5)O4A—Mo1—O4Ai134.6 (14)
O4Aii—Dy1—O4Biii76.1 (8)O4Bi—Mo1—O4Bxi71.0 (8)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O4Biii15.6 (4)O4B—Mo1—O4Bxi34.6 (6)
O4Bii—Dy1—O4Biii62.5 (9)O3—Mo1—O4Bxi100.1 (4)
O2i—Dy1—O1iv77.2 (3)O3i—Mo1—O4Bxi95.1 (4)
O2—Dy1—O1iv117.8 (3)O1—Mo1—O4Bxi145.5 (3)
O3i—Dy1—O1iv76.3 (3)O4A—Mo1—O4Bxi51.1 (6)
O3—Dy1—O1iv82.5 (4)O4Ai—Mo1—O4Bxi90.0 (9)
O4Aii—Dy1—O1iv96.5 (6)O4Bi—Mo1—O4Bxii34.6 (6)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O1iv152.3 (5)O4B—Mo1—O4Bxii71.0 (8)
O4Bii—Dy1—O1iv111.8 (5)O3—Mo1—O4Bxii95.1 (4)
O4Biii—Dy1—O1iv161.1 (4)O3i—Mo1—O4Bxii100.1 (4)
O2i—Dy1—O1v117.8 (3)O1—Mo1—O4Bxii145.5 (3)
O2—Dy1—O1v77.2 (3)O4A—Mo1—O4Bxii90.0 (9)
O3i—Dy1—O1v82.5 (4)O4Ai—Mo1—O4Bxii51.1 (6)
O3—Dy1—O1v76.3 (3)O4Bxi—Mo1—O4Bxii39.8 (5)
O4Aii—Dy1—O1v152.3 (5)O2vi—Mo2—O2110.1 (2)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O1v96.5 (6)O2vi—Mo2—O2vii110.1 (2)
O4Bii—Dy1—O1v161.1 (4)O2—Mo2—O2vii108.1 (4)
O4Biii—Dy1—O1v111.8 (5)O2vi—Mo2—O2viii108.2 (4)
O1iv—Dy1—O1v67.3 (3)O2—Mo2—O2viii110.1 (2)
O2i—Dy1—O4Aiv60.1 (3)O2vii—Mo2—O2viii110.1 (2)
O2—Dy1—O4Aiv136.4 (3)O3i—O3—Mo182.8 (5)
O3i—Dy1—O4Aiv76.1 (5)O3i—O3—Dy184.5 (4)
O3—Dy1—O4Aiv87.1 (5)Mo1—O3—Dy1167.0 (9)
O4Aii—Dy1—O4Aiv47.8 (8)O4B—O4A—Mo170 (2)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O4Aiv134.7 (4)O4B—O4A—Dy1iv86 (2)
O4Bii—Dy1—O4Aiv62.2 (7)Mo1—O4A—Dy1iv152.3 (11)
O4Biii—Dy1—O4Aiv123.9 (4)O4B—O4A—Dy1ii126 (2)
O1iv—Dy1—O4Aiv50.5 (3)Mo1—O4A—Dy1ii79.9 (5)
O1v—Dy1—O4Aiv117.2 (3)Dy1iv—O4A—Dy1ii127.1 (7)
O2i—Dy1—O4Ax136.4 (3)O4A—O4B—Mo189 (2)
O2—Dy1—O4Ax60.0 (3)O4A—O4B—Dy1iv78 (2)
O3i—Dy1—O4Ax87.1 (5)Mo1—O4B—Dy1iv160.6 (9)
O3—Dy1—O4Ax76.1 (5)O4A—O4B—Mo1xii135 (2)
O4Aii—Dy1—O4Ax134.7 (4)Mo1—O4B—Mo1xii98.8 (7)
O4Aiii—Dy1—O4Ax47.8 (8)Dy1iv—O4B—Mo1xii80.5 (4)
O4Bii—Dy1—O4Ax123.9 (4)
Symmetry codes: (i) y+1/2, x1/2, z; (ii) y, x+1, z+1; (iii) x+3/2, y1/2, z+1; (iv) y+1, x, z+1; (v) y+1, x+1, z+1; (vi) y+1, x1, z; (vii) x+2, y, z; (viii) y+1, x+1, z; (ix) y+1, x1, z+1; (x) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1; (xi) y+3/2, x+3/2, z; (xii) x+2, y+1, z.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaDy2Mo3O12
Mr804.82
Crystal system, space groupTetragonal, P421m
Temperature (K)296
a, c (Å)7.295 (2), 10.578 (4)
V3)562.9 (3)
Z2
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)16.41
Crystal size (mm)0.08 × 0.06 × 0.06
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Bruker, 2004)
Tmin, Tmax0.319, 0.374
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
2641, 723, 645
Rint0.054
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.650
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.029, 0.045, 0.97
No. of reflections723
No. of parameters44
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)1.04, 0.88
Absolute structureFlack (1983), with 287 Friedel pairs
Absolute structure parameter0.02 (2)

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004), SAINT (Bruker, 2004), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2008).

Selected bond lengths (Å) top
Dy1—O2i2.243 (6)Mo1—O4B1.697 (13)
Dy1—O22.243 (6)Mo1—O31.745 (9)
Dy1—O3i2.304 (9)Mo1—O3i1.745 (9)
Dy1—O32.304 (9)Mo1—O11.784 (8)
Dy1—O4Aii2.307 (15)Mo1—O4A1.803 (16)
Dy1—O4Aiii2.307 (15)Mo1—O4Ai1.803 (16)
Dy1—O4Bii2.351 (14)Mo2—O2vi1.743 (7)
Dy1—O4Biii2.351 (14)Mo2—O21.743 (7)
Dy1—O1iv2.393 (5)Mo2—O2vii1.743 (7)
Dy1—O1v2.393 (5)Mo2—O2viii1.743 (7)
Mo1—O4Bi1.697 (13)
Symmetry codes: (i) y+1/2, x1/2, z; (ii) y, x+1, z+1; (iii) x+3/2, y1/2, z+1; (iv) y+1, x, z+1; (v) y+1, x+1, z+1; (vi) y+1, x1, z; (vii) x+2, y, z; (viii) y+1, x+1, z.
 

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) (postdoctoral fellowship grant to SD).

References

First citationAlonso, J. A., Rivillas, F., Martínez-Lope, M. J. & Pomjakushin, V. (2004). J. Solid State Chem. 177, 2470–2476.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationBorchardt, H. J. & Bierstedt, P. E. (1967). J. Appl. Phys. 38, 2057–2061.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationBrandenburg, K. (2008). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationBrixner, L. H. (1973). J. Cryst. Growth, 18, 297–302.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationBruker (2004). APEX2 (Version 1.08), SAINT (Version 7.03) and SADABS (Version 2.11). Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationFlack, H. D. (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 876–881.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationGall, P., Barrier, N., Gautier, R. & Gougeon, R. (2002). Inorg. Chem. 41, 2879–2885.  Web of Science CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
First citationJeitschko, W. (1972). Acta Cryst. B28, 60–76.  CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationKeve, E. T., Abrahams, S. C., Nassau, K. & Glass, A. M. (1970). Solid State Commun. 8, 1517–1520.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationNassau, K., Shiever, J. W. & Keve, E. T. (1971). J. Solid State Chem. 3, 411–419.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationRoy, M., Choudhary, R. N. P. & Acharya, H. N. (1989). J. Therm. Anal. 35, 1471–1476.  CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
First citationShannon, R. D. (1976). Acta Cryst. A32, 751–767.  CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Web of Science Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationSmet, F. D., Ruiz, P., Delmon, B. & Devillers, M. (2001). J. Phys. Chem. 105, 12355–12363.  Google Scholar
First citationWang, X., Xian, Y., Wang, G., Shi, J., Su, Q. & Gong, M. (2008). Opt. Mater. 133, 33–39.  Google Scholar
First citationWenxing, K., Yining, F., Kaidong, C. & Yi, C. (1999). J. Catal. 186, 310–317.  Google Scholar
First citationZou, Y.-Q., Chen, L., Gao, X.-Y., Tang, D.-Y. & Luo, Z.-D. (1999). Chin. J. Struct. Chem. 18, 447–450.  CAS Google Scholar

© International Union of Crystallography. Prior permission is not required to reproduce short quotations, tables and figures from this article, provided the original authors and source are cited. For more information, click here.

Journal logoSTRUCTURAL
CHEMISTRY
ISSN: 2053-2296
Follow Acta Cryst. C
Sign up for e-alerts
Follow Acta Cryst. on Twitter
Follow us on facebook
Sign up for RSS feeds