metal-organic compounds
[1,2-Bis(diethylphosphino)ethane]dichloronickel(II)
aDepartment of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, England
*Correspondence e-mail: sianc.davies@bbsrc.ac.uk
The neutral title complex, [NiCl2(C10H24P2)] or [NiCl2(depe)], where depe is 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane, has two independent molecules in the The Ni atoms in both molecules are coordinated in a slightly distorted square-planar geometry by the two P atoms and two Cl− ions, with bond dimensions as expected. The geometry of the depe ligand in one of the molecules is typical; there is disorder in the ethyl groups in the second molecule, however, leading to some slightly distorted dimensions. The two independent molecules form discrete columns parallel to the crystallographic a axis; these `ordered' and `disordered' columns alternate along the crystallographic b and c directions, with short Cl⋯H van der Waals contacts linking four columns.
Comment
The title compound, (I), was prepared as a starting material for the preparation of new heterometallic nickel–iron complexes, which have structural and functional properties related to those of the active site of the enzyme NiFe-hydrogenase (Smith et al., 2002, 2003; Evans & Pickett, 2003). Good quality crystals of (I) were obtained, as unreacted starting material, from an attempted preparation of novel dinickel coordination complexes that have an analogy to the active site structures of certain other metalloenzymes (Duff et al., 2005; Evans, 2005).
There are two independent molecules in the ). Two distinct orientations were determined for the ethyl C atoms (except for one shared terminal C) in the second molecule; relative occupancies were 83.3 (4) and 16.7 (4)%. Owing to the low scattering power of the minor disordered component, bond lengths were restrained to be effectively equivalent to those in molecule 1. Each Ni atom is slightly distorted square-planar coordinated by the two P and two Cl− ions; the bond dimensions about the Ni atoms are as expected (Table 1). The Ni atoms lie 0.0185 (4) Å from the Cl2P2 mean plane in molecule 1, and 0.047 (2) and −0.061 (11) Å in 2a and 2b respectively (+ and − indicate opposite sides of the plane). The geometry of the depe ligand in molecule 1 is typical, with the bridging C atoms lying −0.120 (3) and 0.246 (3) Å from the NiP2 plane; in molecule 2 the equivalent distances are −0.387 (4) and 0.062 (5) Å in 2a, and 0.762 (15) and 0.839 (14) Å in 2b. The torsion angles in the major component of molecule 2 are also slightly larger than those in molecule 1 (Table 1). In the ordered molecule, the atoms lie in two intersecting planes, one formed by Cl2NiP2 and the bridging C atoms [designated plane 1(i)], and the second formed by P2 and the ethyl C atoms [designated plane 1(ii)] (see Fig. 2). The largest deviation from the 1(i) NiP2 sub-plane is 0.246 (3) Å for C2 and that from the 1(ii) P2C111 sub-plane is −0.170 (4) Å, for C122, with an angle between the normals to the sub-planes of 88.77 (9)°. The disorder in the ethyl groups of the second molecule results in some degree of loss of planarity in the equivalent planes. For the major component, the largest deviation from the 2a(i) NiP2 sub-plane is 0.387 (4) Å for C3, while the 2a(ii) P2C311 sub-plane shows a more marked loss of planarity, the largest deviations from the sub-plane being 0.959 (5) Å for C312 and −0.430 (6) Å for C412. The angle between the normals to the 2a(i) and 2a(ii) sub-planes is 85.01 (13)°. For the minor component, planarity is virtually completely removed, the largest distances to the 2b(i) NiP2 sub-plane being 0.839 (14) and 0.762 (15) Å for C4b and C3b respectively. The largest distances to the 2b(ii) P2C331 sub-plane are −1.246 (5), −1.156 (17) and 0.477 (23) Å for atoms C322, C442 and C332, respectively; the angle between the normals to the 2b(i) and 2a(ii) sub-planes is 71.0 (8)°. The major orientation of the disordered molecule is similar to that of the ordered molecule, the two being related by a pseudo-twofold screw axis on which the two Ni atoms lie; no crystallographic relates the minor disordered C atoms to those in the ordered molecule and so the pseudo-monoclinic symmetry of the is reduced to triclinic.
1 and 2, the second being disordered (see Fig. 1The two independent molecules of (I) in the form discrete columns parallel to the crystallographic a direction; these `ordered' and `disordered' columns alternate along the crystallographic a and b axial directions (see Fig. 3). Short van der Waals contacts (Table 2), or weak hydrogen bonds, between an H atom of each bridging alkyl C atom in the ordered molecule and a Cl atom of the major component of the disordered molecule, are present; these bonds link two ordered and two disordered molecules into tetrads about a centre of symmetry. The Cl2H4 plane is puckered, with the H2B atoms lying ±1.345 Å from the Cl42H1B2 mean plane.
Experimental
To a solution of NiCl2·6H2O (13.2 g, 55 mmol) in ethanol (50 ml), under an atmosphere of dinitrogen, was added a solution of depe (5 g, 55 mmol) in ethanol (10 ml). The red–orange solution that formed immediately was stirred for 1 h. After reducing the volume in vacuo to approximately 30 ml, the solution was placed in a freezer overnight, during which time orange material separated out. Filtration gave the product (I), which was washed with diethyl ether then dried in vacuo (8.63 g, 47%). Analysis expected for C10H24Cl2NiP2: C 35.8, H 7.2%; found C 35.9, H 7.3%. Solution 31P NMR (CD3CN; ref. phosphoric acid): 78.04 p.p.m. Crystals were obtained as recovered starting material from an attempted reaction of [Ni(depe)Cl2] with (NEt4)[Fe{SCH2CH2)3N}(CO)] in acetonitrile solvent.
Crystal data
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Data collection
Refinement
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The reflection (20) was found to be unreliable and was not used in the final Ueq/Uiso(C), respectively.
cycles. In the minor disordered molecule, with an occupancy factor of 0.167 (4), bond lengths were restrained to be effectively equivalent to those in the ordered molecule; the C atoms of the minor disorder component were refined isotropically. H atoms were included in idealized positions and set to ride on their parent atoms, with C—H distances of 0.99 and 0.98 A for ethyl and methyl C atoms, respectively; isotropic displacement parameters were set to be 1.2 and 1.5 timesData collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1992); cell CAD-4 EXPRESS; data reduction: CAD4 (Hursthouse, 1976); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680502386X/sj6120sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S160053680502386X/sj6120Isup2.hkl
Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1992); cell
CAD-4 EXPRESS; data reduction: CAD4 (Hursthouse, 1976); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.C10H24Cl2NiP2 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 335.84 | F(000) = 704 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.426 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å |
a = 8.947 (2) Å | Cell parameters from 25 reflections |
b = 14.082 (8) Å | θ = 10–11° |
c = 13.604 (2) Å | µ = 1.76 mm−1 |
α = 91.51 (2)° | T = 150 K |
β = 98.18 (2)° | Block, orange |
γ = 112.27 (2)° | 0.55 × 0.48 × 0.41 mm |
V = 1564.0 (10) Å3 |
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4 diffractometer | 5564 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | Rint = 0.011 |
Graphite monochromator | θmax = 28.0°, θmin = 1.5° |
scintillation counter; ω/θ scans | h = −11→11 |
Absorption correction: ψ scan (EMPABS; Sheldrick et al., 1977) | k = −18→18 |
Tmin = 0.395, Tmax = 0.486 | l = 0→17 |
7878 measured reflections | 3 standard reflections every 167 min |
7515 independent reflections | intensity decay: none |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.033 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.089 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.07 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.034P)2 + 0.317P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
7514 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
358 parameters | Δρmax = 0.34 e Å−3 |
62 restraints | Δρmin = −0.37 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Cell parameters were refined and the structure solved in space group C-1 (equivalent to No. 2; angles closest to 90°) with subsequent cell reduction using Delauney reduction prior to final cycles of refinement (Delauney, 1933). Data were corrected using BAYES (French and Wilson, 1978) to eliminate negative intensities prior to structure solution. The reflection (-1 2 0) was found to be unreliable and was not used in the final refinement cycles. The minor disordered component was restrained to have bond lengths as in the ordered molecule using the instruction SADI. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. Delauney, B. N. (1933). Z. Kristallogr. 84, 109–149. French, S. & Wilson, K. (1978). Acta Cryst. A34, 517–525. BAYES program to eliminate negative intensities. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Ni1 | 0.42110 (3) | 0.23592 (2) | 0.27269 (2) | 0.03919 (8) | |
Cl1 | 0.61161 (8) | 0.37505 (5) | 0.35782 (5) | 0.06274 (17) | |
Cl2 | 0.21712 (8) | 0.25060 (6) | 0.33620 (5) | 0.06474 (18) | |
P1 | 0.60665 (8) | 0.22224 (5) | 0.19714 (5) | 0.05002 (15) | |
C111 | 0.6740 (4) | 0.3266 (2) | 0.1167 (2) | 0.0707 (8) | |
H11A | 0.7458 | 0.3908 | 0.1583 | 0.085* | |
H11B | 0.7396 | 0.3104 | 0.0710 | 0.085* | |
C112 | 0.5351 (4) | 0.3444 (3) | 0.0563 (3) | 0.0854 (10) | |
H11C | 0.5784 | 0.4062 | 0.0208 | 0.128* | |
H11D | 0.4636 | 0.3539 | 0.1005 | 0.128* | |
H11E | 0.4724 | 0.2848 | 0.0080 | 0.128* | |
C121 | 0.7959 (3) | 0.2296 (2) | 0.2712 (3) | 0.0726 (8) | |
H12A | 0.8658 | 0.2176 | 0.2260 | 0.087* | |
H12B | 0.8544 | 0.3002 | 0.3042 | 0.087* | |
C122 | 0.7756 (4) | 0.1541 (3) | 0.3499 (3) | 0.0971 (12) | |
H12C | 0.8832 | 0.1648 | 0.3879 | 0.146* | |
H12D | 0.7243 | 0.0836 | 0.3179 | 0.146* | |
H12E | 0.7061 | 0.1648 | 0.3950 | 0.146* | |
C1 | 0.5313 (4) | 0.1019 (2) | 0.1163 (2) | 0.0694 (8) | |
H1A | 0.5750 | 0.1157 | 0.0529 | 0.083* | |
H1B | 0.5718 | 0.0523 | 0.1492 | 0.083* | |
C2 | 0.3470 (4) | 0.0551 (2) | 0.0943 (2) | 0.0648 (7) | |
H2A | 0.3093 | −0.0209 | 0.0890 | 0.078* | |
H2B | 0.3096 | 0.0754 | 0.0292 | 0.078* | |
P2 | 0.25418 (8) | 0.09540 (5) | 0.19029 (5) | 0.04841 (15) | |
C211 | 0.0596 (3) | 0.0929 (2) | 0.1258 (2) | 0.0725 (8) | |
H21A | −0.0007 | 0.0250 | 0.0875 | 0.087* | |
H21B | −0.0064 | 0.0993 | 0.1763 | 0.087* | |
C212 | 0.0732 (5) | 0.1751 (3) | 0.0564 (3) | 0.0990 (13) | |
H21C | −0.0363 | 0.1658 | 0.0225 | 0.148* | |
H21D | 0.1402 | 0.1706 | 0.0068 | 0.148* | |
H21E | 0.1246 | 0.2428 | 0.0943 | 0.148* | |
C221 | 0.1896 (4) | −0.0096 (2) | 0.2703 (2) | 0.0762 (9) | |
H22A | 0.1243 | 0.0061 | 0.3165 | 0.091* | |
H22B | 0.1173 | −0.0734 | 0.2283 | 0.091* | |
C222 | 0.3281 (5) | −0.0294 (3) | 0.3308 (3) | 0.0991 (12) | |
H22C | 0.2835 | −0.0857 | 0.3726 | 0.149* | |
H22D | 0.4002 | 0.0331 | 0.3732 | 0.149* | |
H22E | 0.3906 | −0.0483 | 0.2858 | 0.149* | |
Ni2 | 0.45422 (15) | 0.74390 (13) | 0.21859 (15) | 0.0431 (2) | 0.833 (4) |
Cl3 | 0.2401 (3) | 0.7574 (2) | 0.12745 (18) | 0.0679 (4) | 0.833 (4) |
Cl4 | 0.6425 (3) | 0.8765 (2) | 0.1648 (3) | 0.0672 (6) | 0.833 (4) |
P3 | 0.2928 (2) | 0.61808 (13) | 0.28562 (12) | 0.0548 (4) | 0.833 (4) |
C311 | 0.2006 (5) | 0.6705 (3) | 0.3745 (3) | 0.0739 (11) | 0.833 (4) |
H31A | 0.2890 | 0.7151 | 0.4276 | 0.089* | 0.833 (4) |
H31B | 0.1508 | 0.7146 | 0.3392 | 0.089* | 0.833 (4) |
C312 | 0.0710 (5) | 0.5910 (4) | 0.4231 (4) | 0.1002 (17) | 0.833 (4) |
H31C | 0.0305 | 0.6262 | 0.4696 | 0.150* | 0.833 (4) |
H31D | 0.1188 | 0.5474 | 0.4595 | 0.150* | 0.833 (4) |
H31E | −0.0200 | 0.5482 | 0.3717 | 0.150* | 0.833 (4) |
C321 | 0.1250 (5) | 0.5178 (3) | 0.2046 (3) | 0.0782 (12) | 0.833 (4) |
H32A | 0.0731 | 0.4606 | 0.2451 | 0.094* | 0.833 (4) |
H32B | 0.0419 | 0.5459 | 0.1800 | 0.094* | 0.833 (4) |
C322 | 0.1689 (5) | 0.4746 (3) | 0.1168 (4) | 0.1172 (15) | |
H32C | 0.0698 | 0.4226 | 0.0774 | 0.176* | 0.833 (4) |
H32D | 0.2462 | 0.4426 | 0.1399 | 0.176* | 0.833 (4) |
H32E | 0.2195 | 0.5301 | 0.0754 | 0.176* | 0.833 (4) |
H32F | 0.1409 | 0.4079 | 0.0795 | 0.176* | 0.167 (4) |
H32G | 0.2344 | 0.5300 | 0.0800 | 0.176* | 0.167 (4) |
H32H | 0.0682 | 0.4839 | 0.1252 | 0.176* | 0.167 (4) |
C3 | 0.4052 (4) | 0.5516 (3) | 0.3599 (4) | 0.0696 (11) | 0.833 (4) |
H3A | 0.3491 | 0.5229 | 0.4165 | 0.083* | 0.833 (4) |
H3B | 0.4087 | 0.4941 | 0.3182 | 0.083* | 0.833 (4) |
C4 | 0.5732 (6) | 0.6260 (3) | 0.3976 (4) | 0.0765 (15) | 0.833 (4) |
H4A | 0.6470 | 0.5882 | 0.4069 | 0.092* | 0.833 (4) |
H4B | 0.5751 | 0.6579 | 0.4637 | 0.092* | 0.833 (4) |
P4 | 0.6528 (3) | 0.72846 (19) | 0.31533 (19) | 0.0547 (5) | 0.833 (4) |
C411 | 0.7860 (6) | 0.8421 (4) | 0.3958 (3) | 0.0958 (16) | 0.833 (4) |
H41A | 0.8600 | 0.8232 | 0.4454 | 0.115* | 0.833 (4) |
H41B | 0.8546 | 0.8932 | 0.3553 | 0.115* | 0.833 (4) |
C412 | 0.6940 (9) | 0.8905 (4) | 0.4494 (4) | 0.122 (2) | 0.833 (4) |
H41C | 0.7717 | 0.9519 | 0.4912 | 0.183* | 0.833 (4) |
H41D | 0.6286 | 0.8411 | 0.4914 | 0.183* | 0.833 (4) |
H41E | 0.6214 | 0.9102 | 0.4007 | 0.183* | 0.833 (4) |
C421 | 0.7981 (6) | 0.7041 (5) | 0.2478 (4) | 0.1023 (17) | 0.833 (4) |
H42A | 0.8514 | 0.7657 | 0.2128 | 0.123* | 0.833 (4) |
H42B | 0.8843 | 0.6961 | 0.2971 | 0.123* | 0.833 (4) |
C422 | 0.7303 (8) | 0.6131 (5) | 0.1742 (4) | 0.118 (2) | 0.833 (4) |
H42C | 0.8181 | 0.6081 | 0.1415 | 0.178* | 0.833 (4) |
H42D | 0.6458 | 0.6202 | 0.1241 | 0.178* | 0.833 (4) |
H42E | 0.6822 | 0.5508 | 0.2081 | 0.178* | 0.833 (4) |
Ni2B | 0.4425 (9) | 0.7305 (7) | 0.2314 (8) | 0.0565 (19) | 0.167 (4) |
Cl3B | 0.2129 (15) | 0.7365 (13) | 0.1488 (11) | 0.088 (4) | 0.167 (4) |
Cl4B | 0.5889 (14) | 0.8687 (11) | 0.1619 (14) | 0.064 (3) | 0.167 (4) |
P3B | 0.3093 (11) | 0.5943 (6) | 0.2923 (6) | 0.075 (3) | 0.167 (4) |
C331 | 0.1133 (13) | 0.5851 (12) | 0.3207 (12) | 0.095 (7)* | 0.167 (4) |
H33A | 0.0535 | 0.6045 | 0.2629 | 0.115* | 0.167 (4) |
H33B | 0.0481 | 0.5127 | 0.3311 | 0.115* | 0.167 (4) |
C332 | 0.128 (2) | 0.6521 (18) | 0.4104 (15) | 0.084 (7)* | 0.167 (4) |
H33C | 0.0202 | 0.6504 | 0.4180 | 0.127* | 0.167 (4) |
H33D | 0.2014 | 0.7229 | 0.4032 | 0.127* | 0.167 (4) |
H33E | 0.1738 | 0.6273 | 0.4694 | 0.127* | 0.167 (4) |
C341 | 0.262 (2) | 0.4773 (8) | 0.2135 (8) | 0.121 (10)* | 0.167 (4) |
H34A | 0.3656 | 0.4708 | 0.2044 | 0.146* | 0.167 (4) |
H34B | 0.1991 | 0.4174 | 0.2477 | 0.146* | 0.167 (4) |
C3B | 0.4165 (16) | 0.5717 (12) | 0.4098 (9) | 0.18 (2)* | 0.167 (4) |
H3BA | 0.3710 | 0.5896 | 0.4665 | 0.215* | 0.167 (4) |
H3BB | 0.3979 | 0.4978 | 0.4095 | 0.215* | 0.167 (4) |
C4B | 0.5926 (14) | 0.6335 (13) | 0.4230 (8) | 0.043 (5)* | 0.167 (4) |
H4B1 | 0.6544 | 0.5883 | 0.4343 | 0.051* | 0.167 (4) |
H4B2 | 0.6253 | 0.6843 | 0.4818 | 0.051* | 0.167 (4) |
P4B | 0.6389 (13) | 0.7000 (7) | 0.3113 (8) | 0.049 (2) | 0.167 (4) |
C431 | 0.8232 (14) | 0.8138 (10) | 0.3518 (13) | 0.118 (11)* | 0.167 (4) |
H43A | 0.9149 | 0.7919 | 0.3729 | 0.142* | 0.167 (4) |
H43B | 0.8493 | 0.8552 | 0.2943 | 0.142* | 0.167 (4) |
C432 | 0.813 (3) | 0.8792 (15) | 0.4337 (17) | 0.092 (8)* | 0.167 (4) |
H43C | 0.9231 | 0.9275 | 0.4631 | 0.138* | 0.167 (4) |
H43D | 0.7616 | 0.8362 | 0.4847 | 0.138* | 0.167 (4) |
H43E | 0.7468 | 0.9179 | 0.4083 | 0.138* | 0.167 (4) |
C441 | 0.7098 (15) | 0.6201 (9) | 0.2393 (9) | 0.046 (3)* | 0.167 (4) |
H44A | 0.7836 | 0.5971 | 0.2848 | 0.056* | 0.167 (4) |
H44B | 0.6146 | 0.5580 | 0.2085 | 0.056* | 0.167 (4) |
C442 | 0.798 (2) | 0.6744 (12) | 0.1598 (11) | 0.055 (4)* | 0.167 (4) |
H44C | 0.8351 | 0.6283 | 0.1241 | 0.083* | 0.167 (4) |
H44D | 0.8926 | 0.7358 | 0.1898 | 0.083* | 0.167 (4) |
H44E | 0.7240 | 0.6949 | 0.1130 | 0.083* | 0.167 (4) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Ni1 | 0.03773 (15) | 0.03539 (15) | 0.04404 (16) | 0.01446 (11) | 0.00512 (11) | 0.00025 (11) |
Cl1 | 0.0531 (4) | 0.0484 (3) | 0.0756 (4) | 0.0135 (3) | −0.0035 (3) | −0.0140 (3) |
Cl2 | 0.0486 (3) | 0.0822 (5) | 0.0652 (4) | 0.0277 (3) | 0.0113 (3) | −0.0117 (3) |
P1 | 0.0442 (3) | 0.0471 (3) | 0.0625 (4) | 0.0198 (3) | 0.0148 (3) | 0.0042 (3) |
C111 | 0.0690 (18) | 0.0661 (18) | 0.0755 (19) | 0.0176 (15) | 0.0295 (15) | 0.0151 (15) |
C112 | 0.099 (3) | 0.078 (2) | 0.078 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.0142 (19) | 0.0235 (17) |
C121 | 0.0463 (15) | 0.079 (2) | 0.100 (2) | 0.0314 (15) | 0.0149 (15) | 0.0117 (17) |
C122 | 0.069 (2) | 0.109 (3) | 0.122 (3) | 0.044 (2) | 0.009 (2) | 0.041 (2) |
C1 | 0.0761 (19) | 0.0619 (17) | 0.0802 (19) | 0.0347 (15) | 0.0240 (16) | −0.0054 (14) |
C2 | 0.0764 (19) | 0.0510 (15) | 0.0622 (16) | 0.0184 (14) | 0.0169 (14) | −0.0109 (12) |
P2 | 0.0480 (3) | 0.0389 (3) | 0.0506 (3) | 0.0085 (3) | 0.0087 (3) | −0.0017 (2) |
C211 | 0.0493 (15) | 0.074 (2) | 0.0771 (19) | 0.0116 (14) | −0.0052 (14) | −0.0175 (16) |
C212 | 0.094 (3) | 0.085 (2) | 0.105 (3) | 0.040 (2) | −0.036 (2) | −0.005 (2) |
C221 | 0.085 (2) | 0.0503 (16) | 0.0769 (19) | 0.0035 (15) | 0.0248 (17) | 0.0087 (14) |
C222 | 0.136 (3) | 0.066 (2) | 0.100 (3) | 0.039 (2) | 0.029 (3) | 0.0286 (19) |
Ni2 | 0.0508 (4) | 0.0379 (4) | 0.0446 (6) | 0.0214 (2) | 0.0071 (3) | 0.0097 (3) |
Cl3 | 0.0777 (7) | 0.0737 (9) | 0.0632 (11) | 0.0458 (7) | −0.0028 (7) | 0.0145 (8) |
Cl4 | 0.0763 (14) | 0.0525 (6) | 0.0682 (7) | 0.0149 (9) | 0.0237 (11) | 0.0176 (5) |
P3 | 0.0464 (6) | 0.0464 (6) | 0.0675 (7) | 0.0153 (5) | 0.0015 (4) | 0.0180 (5) |
C311 | 0.058 (2) | 0.086 (3) | 0.079 (2) | 0.0261 (19) | 0.0196 (19) | 0.024 (2) |
C312 | 0.062 (2) | 0.133 (4) | 0.097 (3) | 0.022 (3) | 0.025 (2) | 0.049 (3) |
C321 | 0.059 (2) | 0.059 (2) | 0.097 (3) | 0.0050 (17) | 0.000 (2) | 0.012 (2) |
C322 | 0.111 (3) | 0.075 (3) | 0.142 (4) | 0.015 (2) | 0.014 (3) | −0.023 (3) |
C3 | 0.068 (2) | 0.0472 (18) | 0.095 (3) | 0.0248 (16) | 0.0056 (19) | 0.0297 (19) |
C4 | 0.095 (3) | 0.061 (2) | 0.061 (2) | 0.030 (2) | −0.026 (2) | 0.014 (2) |
P4 | 0.0519 (7) | 0.0549 (11) | 0.0569 (7) | 0.0223 (7) | 0.0035 (5) | 0.0053 (6) |
C411 | 0.091 (3) | 0.091 (3) | 0.061 (3) | −0.006 (3) | −0.008 (2) | 0.008 (3) |
C412 | 0.206 (7) | 0.081 (3) | 0.071 (3) | 0.057 (4) | −0.006 (3) | −0.006 (2) |
C421 | 0.080 (3) | 0.141 (5) | 0.109 (4) | 0.068 (3) | 0.017 (3) | 0.008 (3) |
C422 | 0.150 (5) | 0.125 (5) | 0.115 (4) | 0.099 (5) | 0.006 (4) | −0.020 (4) |
Ni2B | 0.097 (4) | 0.045 (3) | 0.039 (2) | 0.039 (2) | 0.0112 (18) | 0.0162 (16) |
Cl3B | 0.113 (7) | 0.112 (9) | 0.063 (5) | 0.072 (7) | 0.003 (4) | 0.037 (4) |
Cl4B | 0.075 (7) | 0.049 (4) | 0.079 (4) | 0.030 (5) | 0.026 (6) | 0.014 (3) |
P3B | 0.086 (5) | 0.077 (6) | 0.079 (4) | 0.043 (4) | 0.031 (4) | 0.043 (4) |
P4B | 0.043 (3) | 0.051 (5) | 0.050 (3) | 0.017 (3) | −0.002 (2) | −0.001 (3) |
Ni1—Cl1 | 2.2073 (12) | C322—H32F | 0.980 |
Ni1—Cl2 | 2.2012 (8) | C322—H32G | 0.980 |
Ni1—P1 | 2.1372 (8) | C322—H32H | 0.980 |
Ni1—P2 | 2.1376 (12) | C3—C4 | 1.476 (6) |
P1—C1 | 1.833 (3) | C3—H3A | 0.990 |
P1—C111 | 1.823 (3) | C3—H3B | 0.990 |
P1—C121 | 1.808 (3) | C4—P4 | 1.837 (4) |
C111—C112 | 1.497 (4) | C4—H4A | 0.990 |
C111—H11A | 0.990 | C4—H4B | 0.990 |
C111—H11B | 0.990 | P4—C411 | 1.808 (6) |
C112—H11C | 0.980 | P4—C421 | 1.820 (5) |
C112—H11D | 0.980 | C411—C412 | 1.499 (8) |
C112—H11E | 0.980 | C411—H41A | 0.990 |
C121—C122 | 1.510 (4) | C411—H41B | 0.990 |
C121—H12A | 0.990 | C412—H41C | 0.980 |
C121—H12B | 0.990 | C412—H41D | 0.980 |
C122—H12C | 0.980 | C412—H41E | 0.980 |
C122—H12D | 0.980 | C421—C422 | 1.477 (7) |
C122—H12E | 0.980 | C421—H42A | 0.990 |
C1—C2 | 1.507 (4) | C421—H42B | 0.990 |
C1—H1A | 0.990 | C422—H42C | 0.980 |
C1—H1B | 0.990 | C422—H42D | 0.980 |
C2—P2 | 1.829 (3) | C422—H42E | 0.980 |
C2—H2A | 0.990 | Ni2B—Cl3B | 2.230 (9) |
C2—H2B | 0.990 | Ni2B—Cl4B | 2.217 (9) |
P2—C211 | 1.822 (3) | Ni2B—P3B | 2.102 (8) |
P2—C221 | 1.822 (3) | Ni2B—P4B | 2.123 (8) |
C211—C212 | 1.494 (5) | P3B—C3B | 1.843 (8) |
C211—H21A | 0.990 | P3B—C331 | 1.806 (8) |
C211—H21B | 0.990 | P3B—C341 | 1.815 (8) |
C212—H21C | 0.980 | C331—C332 | 1.481 (10) |
C212—H21D | 0.980 | C331—H33A | 0.990 |
C212—H21E | 0.980 | C331—H33B | 0.990 |
C221—C222 | 1.508 (5) | C332—H33C | 0.980 |
C221—H22A | 0.990 | C332—H33D | 0.980 |
C221—H22B | 0.990 | C332—H33E | 0.980 |
C222—H22C | 0.980 | C341—H34A | 0.990 |
C222—H22D | 0.980 | C341—H34B | 0.990 |
C222—H22E | 0.980 | C3B—C4B | 1.465 (11) |
Ni2—Cl3 | 2.2035 (18) | C3B—H3BA | 0.990 |
Ni2—Cl4 | 2.214 (2) | C3B—H3BB | 0.990 |
Ni2—P3 | 2.139 (2) | C4B—P4B | 1.822 (9) |
Ni2—P4 | 2.140 (2) | C4B—H4B1 | 0.990 |
P3—C3 | 1.839 (4) | C4B—H4B2 | 0.990 |
P3—C311 | 1.840 (5) | P4B—C431 | 1.812 (8) |
P3—C321 | 1.818 (4) | P4B—C441 | 1.812 (8) |
C311—C312 | 1.520 (5) | C431—C432 | 1.463 (10) |
C311—H31A | 0.990 | C431—H43A | 0.990 |
C311—H31B | 0.990 | C431—H43B | 0.990 |
C312—H31C | 0.980 | C432—H43C | 0.980 |
C312—H31D | 0.980 | C432—H43D | 0.980 |
C312—H31E | 0.980 | C432—H43E | 0.980 |
C321—C322 | 1.493 (6) | C441—C442 | 1.485 (10) |
C321—H32A | 0.990 | C441—H44A | 0.990 |
C321—H32B | 0.990 | C441—H44B | 0.990 |
C322—C341 | 1.445 (10) | C442—H44C | 0.980 |
C322—H32C | 0.980 | C442—H44D | 0.980 |
C322—H32D | 0.980 | C442—H44E | 0.980 |
C322—H32E | 0.980 | ||
Cl2—Ni1—Cl1 | 95.24 (4) | H32F—C322—H32G | 109.5 |
P1—Ni1—Cl1 | 87.71 (4) | C341—C322—H32H | 109.5 |
P2—Ni1—Cl1 | 174.57 (3) | C321—C322—H32H | 49.4 |
P1—Ni1—Cl2 | 174.44 (3) | H32C—C322—H32H | 66.3 |
P2—Ni1—Cl2 | 89.51 (4) | H32D—C322—H32H | 146.9 |
P1—Ni1—P2 | 87.78 (4) | H32E—C322—H32H | 102.4 |
C1—P1—Ni1 | 111.96 (10) | H32F—C322—H32H | 109.5 |
C111—P1—Ni1 | 110.18 (11) | H32G—C322—H32H | 109.5 |
C121—P1—Ni1 | 118.32 (11) | C4—C3—P3 | 108.9 (2) |
C111—P1—C1 | 106.46 (15) | P3—C3—H3A | 109.9 |
C121—P1—C1 | 105.75 (15) | P3—C3—H3B | 109.9 |
C121—P1—C111 | 103.24 (14) | C4—C3—H3A | 109.9 |
C112—C111—P1 | 113.1 (2) | C4—C3—H3B | 109.9 |
C112—C111—H11A | 109.0 | H3A—C3—H3B | 108.3 |
P1—C111—H11A | 109.0 | C3—C4—P4 | 114.0 (3) |
C112—C111—H11B | 109.0 | P4—C4—H4A | 108.8 |
P1—C111—H11B | 109.0 | P4—C4—H4B | 108.8 |
H11A—C111—H11B | 107.8 | C3—C4—H4A | 108.8 |
C111—C112—H11C | 109.5 | C3—C4—H4B | 108.8 |
C111—C112—H11D | 109.5 | H4A—C4—H4B | 107.7 |
H11C—C112—H11D | 109.5 | C4—P4—Ni2 | 109.96 (18) |
C111—C112—H11E | 109.5 | C411—P4—Ni2 | 115.8 (2) |
H11C—C112—H11E | 109.5 | C421—P4—Ni2 | 112.8 (2) |
H11D—C112—H11E | 109.5 | C411—P4—C4 | 106.3 (2) |
C122—C121—P1 | 114.8 (2) | C421—P4—C4 | 110.4 (3) |
C122—C121—H12A | 108.6 | C411—P4—C421 | 101.1 (3) |
P1—C121—H12A | 108.6 | C412—C411—P4 | 112.9 (4) |
C122—C121—H12B | 108.6 | P4—C411—H41A | 109.0 |
P1—C121—H12B | 108.6 | P4—C411—H41B | 109.0 |
H12A—C121—H12B | 107.6 | C412—C411—H41A | 109.0 |
C121—C122—H12C | 109.5 | C412—C411—H41B | 109.0 |
C121—C122—H12D | 109.5 | H41A—C411—H41B | 107.8 |
H12C—C122—H12D | 109.5 | C411—C412—H41C | 109.5 |
C121—C122—H12E | 109.5 | C411—C412—H41D | 109.5 |
H12C—C122—H12E | 109.5 | H41C—C412—H41D | 109.5 |
H12D—C122—H12E | 109.5 | C411—C412—H41E | 109.5 |
C2—C1—P1 | 111.48 (19) | H41C—C412—H41E | 109.5 |
P1—C1—H1A | 109.3 | H41D—C412—H41E | 109.5 |
P1—C1—H1B | 109.3 | C422—C421—P4 | 116.3 (4) |
C2—C1—H1A | 109.3 | P4—C421—H42A | 108.2 |
C2—C1—H1B | 109.3 | P4—C421—H42B | 108.2 |
H1A—C1—H1B | 108.0 | C422—C421—H42A | 108.2 |
C1—C2—P2 | 112.39 (19) | C422—C421—H42B | 108.2 |
P2—C2—H2A | 109.1 | H42A—C421—H42B | 107.4 |
P2—C2—H2B | 109.1 | C421—C422—H42C | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2A | 109.1 | C421—C422—H42D | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2B | 109.1 | H42C—C422—H42D | 109.5 |
H2A—C2—H2B | 107.9 | C421—C422—H42E | 109.5 |
C2—P2—Ni1 | 111.28 (10) | H42C—C422—H42E | 109.5 |
C211—P2—Ni1 | 117.82 (11) | H42D—C422—H42E | 109.5 |
C221—P2—Ni1 | 111.85 (11) | Cl4B—Ni2B—Cl3B | 90.0 (5) |
C211—P2—C2 | 105.28 (15) | P3B—Ni2B—Cl4B | 176.6 (7) |
C221—P2—C2 | 107.32 (15) | P4B—Ni2B—Cl4B | 98.3 (5) |
C211—P2—C221 | 102.42 (16) | P3B—Ni2B—Cl3B | 91.3 (4) |
C212—C211—P2 | 114.9 (2) | P4B—Ni2B—Cl3B | 171.0 (6) |
P2—C211—H21A | 108.5 | P3B—Ni2B—P4B | 80.3 (4) |
P2—C211—H21B | 108.5 | C3B—P3B—Ni2B | 114.2 (5) |
C212—C211—H21A | 108.5 | C331—P3B—Ni2B | 115.3 (5) |
C212—C211—H21B | 108.5 | C341—P3B—Ni2B | 114.4 (5) |
H21A—C211—H21B | 107.5 | C331—P3B—C3B | 104.5 (5) |
C211—C212—H21C | 109.5 | C341—P3B—C3B | 102.8 (6) |
C211—C212—H21D | 109.5 | C331—P3B—C341 | 104.2 (6) |
H21C—C212—H21D | 109.5 | C332—C331—P3B | 112.8 (8) |
C211—C212—H21E | 109.5 | P3B—C331—H33A | 109.0 |
H21C—C212—H21E | 109.5 | P3B—C331—H33B | 109.0 |
H21D—C212—H21E | 109.5 | C332—C331—H33A | 109.0 |
C222—C221—P2 | 114.5 (2) | C332—C331—H33B | 109.0 |
P2—C221—H22A | 108.6 | H33A—C331—H33B | 107.8 |
P2—C221—H22B | 108.6 | C331—C332—H33C | 109.5 |
C222—C221—H22A | 108.6 | C331—C332—H33D | 109.5 |
C222—C221—H22B | 108.6 | H33C—C332—H33D | 109.5 |
H22A—C221—H22B | 107.6 | C331—C332—H33E | 109.5 |
C221—C222—H22C | 109.5 | H33C—C332—H33E | 109.5 |
C221—C222—H22D | 109.5 | H33D—C332—H33E | 109.5 |
H22C—C222—H22D | 109.5 | C322—C341—P3B | 113.3 (7) |
C221—C222—H22E | 109.5 | P3B—C341—H34A | 108.9 |
H22C—C222—H22E | 109.5 | P3B—C341—H34B | 108.9 |
H22D—C222—H22E | 109.5 | C322—C341—H34A | 108.9 |
Cl3—Ni2—Cl4 | 96.68 (11) | C322—C341—H34B | 108.9 |
P3—Ni2—Cl3 | 89.43 (8) | H34A—C341—H34B | 107.7 |
P4—Ni2—Cl3 | 176.09 (13) | C4B—C3B—P3B | 111.2 (6) |
P3—Ni2—Cl4 | 173.37 (12) | P3B—C3B—H3BA | 109.4 |
P4—Ni2—Cl4 | 86.30 (12) | P3B—C3B—H3BB | 109.4 |
P3—Ni2—P4 | 87.49 (10) | C4B—C3B—H3BA | 109.4 |
C3—P3—Ni2 | 111.43 (14) | C4B—C3B—H3BB | 109.4 |
C311—P3—Ni2 | 108.22 (15) | H3BA—C3B—H3BB | 108.0 |
C321—P3—Ni2 | 118.19 (16) | C3B—C4B—P4B | 108.8 (6) |
C3—P3—C311 | 105.7 (2) | P4B—C4B—H4B1 | 109.9 |
C321—P3—C3 | 105.8 (2) | P4B—C4B—H4B2 | 109.9 |
C321—P3—C311 | 106.7 (2) | C3B—C4B—H4B1 | 109.9 |
C312—C311—P3 | 115.6 (3) | C3B—C4B—H4B2 | 109.9 |
P3—C311—H31A | 108.4 | H4B1—C4B—H4B2 | 108.3 |
P3—C311—H31B | 108.4 | C4B—P4B—Ni2B | 114.6 (6) |
C312—C311—H31A | 108.4 | C431—P4B—Ni2B | 114.2 (5) |
C312—C311—H31B | 108.4 | C441—P4B—Ni2B | 113.8 (5) |
H31A—C311—H31B | 107.5 | C431—P4B—C4B | 105.5 (6) |
C322—C321—P3 | 116.1 (3) | C441—P4B—C4B | 104.4 (6) |
P3—C321—H32A | 108.3 | C441—P4B—C431 | 103.1 (6) |
P3—C321—H32B | 108.3 | C432—C431—P4B | 114.6 (8) |
C322—C321—H32A | 108.3 | P4B—C431—H43A | 108.6 |
C322—C321—H32B | 108.3 | P4B—C431—H43B | 108.6 |
H32A—C321—H32B | 107.4 | C432—C431—H43A | 108.6 |
C341—C322—C321 | 62.6 (6) | C432—C431—H43B | 108.6 |
C341—C322—H32C | 133.3 | H43A—C431—H43B | 107.6 |
C321—C322—H32C | 109.5 | C431—C432—H43C | 109.5 |
C341—C322—H32D | 47.8 | C431—C432—H43D | 109.5 |
C321—C322—H32D | 109.5 | H43C—C432—H43D | 109.5 |
H32C—C322—H32D | 109.5 | C431—C432—H43E | 109.5 |
C341—C322—H32E | 116.5 | H43C—C432—H43E | 109.5 |
C321—C322—H32E | 109.5 | H43D—C432—H43E | 109.5 |
H32C—C322—H32E | 109.5 | C442—C441—P4B | 112.9 (7) |
H32D—C322—H32E | 109.5 | P4B—C441—H44A | 109.0 |
C341—C322—H32F | 109.5 | P4B—C441—H44B | 109.0 |
C321—C322—H32F | 139.2 | C442—C441—H44A | 109.0 |
H32C—C322—H32F | 44.2 | C442—C441—H44B | 109.0 |
H32D—C322—H32F | 68.3 | H44A—C441—H44B | 107.8 |
H32E—C322—H32F | 109.3 | C441—C442—H44C | 109.5 |
C341—C322—H32G | 109.5 | C441—C442—H44D | 109.5 |
C321—C322—H32G | 110.7 | H44C—C442—H44D | 109.5 |
H32C—C322—H32G | 115.6 | C441—C442—H44E | 109.5 |
H32D—C322—H32G | 101.8 | H44C—C442—H44E | 109.5 |
H32E—C322—H32G | 8.2 | H44D—C442—H44E | 109.5 |
P2—Ni1—P1—C121 | −127.40 (12) | C3—C4—P4—C411 | 147.1 (4) |
Cl1—Ni1—P1—C121 | 49.57 (12) | C3—C4—P4—C421 | −104.0 (4) |
P2—Ni1—P1—C111 | 114.23 (12) | C3—C4—P4—Ni2 | 21.1 (4) |
Cl1—Ni1—P1—C111 | −68.80 (12) | P3—Ni2—P4—C411 | −122.6 (2) |
P2—Ni1—P1—C1 | −4.05 (11) | Cl4—Ni2—P4—C411 | 55.1 (2) |
Cl1—Ni1—P1—C1 | 172.92 (11) | P3—Ni2—P4—C421 | 121.6 (2) |
C121—P1—C111—C112 | −172.8 (2) | Cl4—Ni2—P4—C421 | −60.7 (3) |
C1—P1—C111—C112 | 76.0 (3) | P3—Ni2—P4—C4 | −2.1 (2) |
Ni1—P1—C111—C112 | −45.6 (3) | Cl4—Ni2—P4—C4 | 175.6 (2) |
C111—P1—C121—C122 | 176.8 (3) | C421—P4—C411—C412 | 170.6 (4) |
C1—P1—C121—C122 | −71.6 (3) | C4—P4—C411—C412 | −74.1 (4) |
Ni1—P1—C121—C122 | 54.8 (3) | Ni2—P4—C411—C412 | 48.3 (4) |
C121—P1—C1—C2 | 148.4 (2) | C411—P4—C421—C422 | 179.2 (4) |
C111—P1—C1—C2 | −102.2 (2) | C4—P4—C421—C422 | 66.9 (5) |
Ni1—P1—C1—C2 | 18.2 (3) | Ni2—P4—C421—C422 | −56.5 (5) |
P1—C1—C2—P2 | −24.5 (3) | P4B—Ni2B—P3B—C331 | 148.0 (6) |
C1—C2—P2—C211 | 150.5 (2) | Cl3B—Ni2B—P3B—C331 | −35.1 (9) |
C1—C2—P2—C221 | −100.9 (2) | P4B—Ni2B—P3B—C341 | −91.2 (7) |
C1—C2—P2—Ni1 | 21.8 (3) | Cl3B—Ni2B—P3B—C341 | 85.7 (8) |
P1—Ni1—P2—C211 | −129.98 (12) | P4B—Ni2B—P3B—C3B | 27.0 (8) |
Cl2—Ni1—P2—C211 | 45.15 (12) | Cl3B—Ni2B—P3B—C3B | −156.1 (9) |
P1—Ni1—P2—C221 | 111.74 (13) | C341—P3B—C331—C332 | 159.8 (15) |
Cl2—Ni1—P2—C221 | −73.12 (13) | C3B—P3B—C331—C332 | 52.2 (17) |
P1—Ni1—P2—C2 | −8.29 (11) | Ni2B—P3B—C331—C332 | −74.0 (16) |
Cl2—Ni1—P2—C2 | 166.84 (11) | C321—C322—C341—P3B | −40.0 (7) |
C221—P2—C211—C212 | 177.5 (3) | C331—P3B—C341—C322 | 68.3 (12) |
C2—P2—C211—C212 | −70.4 (3) | C3B—P3B—C341—C322 | 177.2 (10) |
Ni1—P2—C211—C212 | 54.4 (3) | Ni2B—P3B—C341—C322 | −58.4 (11) |
C211—P2—C221—C222 | 177.4 (3) | C331—P3B—C3B—C4B | −145.3 (12) |
C2—P2—C221—C222 | 66.8 (3) | C341—P3B—C3B—C4B | 106.1 (13) |
Ni1—P2—C221—C222 | −55.5 (3) | Ni2B—P3B—C3B—C4B | −18.4 (14) |
P4—Ni2—P3—C321 | −136.0 (2) | P3B—C3B—C4B—P4B | −5.2 (14) |
Cl3—Ni2—P3—C321 | 46.5 (2) | C3B—C4B—P4B—C441 | −97.7 (11) |
P4—Ni2—P3—C3 | −13.1 (2) | C3B—C4B—P4B—C431 | 154.0 (11) |
Cl3—Ni2—P3—C3 | 169.3 (2) | C3B—C4B—P4B—Ni2B | 27.5 (12) |
P4—Ni2—P3—C311 | 102.75 (17) | P3B—Ni2B—P4B—C441 | 89.7 (6) |
Cl3—Ni2—P3—C311 | −74.83 (18) | Cl4B—Ni2B—P4B—C441 | −87.1 (8) |
C321—P3—C311—C312 | 46.9 (3) | P3B—Ni2B—P4B—C431 | −152.3 (7) |
C3—P3—C311—C312 | −65.4 (3) | Cl4B—Ni2B—P4B—C431 | 30.9 (9) |
Ni2—P3—C311—C312 | 175.1 (3) | P3B—Ni2B—P4B—C4B | −30.4 (7) |
C3—P3—C321—C322 | −76.4 (4) | Cl4B—Ni2B—P4B—C4B | 152.7 (9) |
C311—P3—C321—C322 | 171.3 (3) | C441—P4B—C431—C432 | −163.8 (17) |
Ni2—P3—C321—C322 | 49.3 (4) | C4B—P4B—C431—C432 | −54.5 (18) |
P3—C321—C322—C341 | 51.8 (7) | Ni2B—P4B—C431—C432 | 72.2 (18) |
C321—P3—C3—C4 | 158.3 (4) | C431—P4B—C441—C442 | −53.6 (13) |
C311—P3—C3—C4 | −88.7 (4) | C4B—P4B—C441—C442 | −163.6 (11) |
Ni2—P3—C3—C4 | 28.6 (4) | Ni2B—P4B—C441—C442 | 70.6 (12) |
P3—C3—C4—P4 | −30.5 (5) |
D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A | |
C1—H1B···Cl4i | 0.99 | 2.784 (3) | 3.716 (4) | 157.2 (2) |
C2—H2B···Cl4ii | 0.99 | 2.793 (4) | 3.683 (5) | 149.8 (2) |
H1Biii···Cl4···H2Bii | 77.56 (9) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y-1, z; (ii) 1-x, 1-y, -z; (iii) x, 1+y, z. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, UK, and the John Innes Foundation (SED) for financial support.
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