organic compounds
2-O-Benzhydryl-3,4-(S)-O-benzylidene-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone
aDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, England, bDepartment of Chemical Crystallography, Chemical Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, England, and cFaculty of Business and Science, University of Akureyri, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland
*Correspondence e-mail: sarah.jenkinson@chem.ox.ac.uk
X-ray crystallography unequivocally showed that protection of the free hydroxyl group of 3,5-O-benzylidene-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone with diphenyldiazomethane proceeded with to give the title compound, C25H22O5. The consists of layers of interlocked molecules lying parallel to the a axis.
Related literature
For related literature see: Jackson et al. (1982); Petursson & Webber (1982); Petursson et al. (2007); Petursson (2001, 2003); Draths et al. (1992); Collins & Ferrier (1995); Görbitz (1999); Larson (1970).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1997); cell DENZO/SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO/SCALEPACK; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994); program(s) used to refine structure: CRYSTALS (Betteridge et al., 2003); molecular graphics: CAMERON (Watkin et al., 1996); software used to prepare material for publication: CRYSTALS.
Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807059739/lh2567sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807059739/lh2567Isup2.hkl
The title compound was recrystallized from a 1:1 mixture of ethyl acetate and cyclohexane: m.p.: 461–463 K; [α]D19 +75.6 (c, 0.87 in chloroform).
In the absence of significant
Friedel pairs were merged and the was assigned from the starting material.The relatively large ratio of minimum to maximum corrections applied in the multiscan process (1:1.5) reflect changes in the illuminated volume of the crystal. Changes in illuminated volume were kept to a minimum, and were taken into account (Görbitz, 1999) by the multi-scan inter-frame scaling (DENZO/SCALEPACK, Otwinowski & Minor, 1997).
The H atoms were all located in a difference map, but those attached to carbon atoms were repositioned geometrically. The H atoms were initially refined with soft restraints on the bond lengths and angles to regularize their geometry (C—H in the range 0.93–0.98 Å) and Uiso(H) (in the range 1.2–1.5 times Ueq of the parent atom), after which the positions were refined with riding constraints.
Carbohydrates are relatively inexpensive and are useful starting materials for the synthesis of small chiral molecules (Collins & Ferrier, 1995) and chiral building blocks (Draths et al., 1992). Much of their synthetic utility is however dependent on developing successful protecting group strategies. Diazodiphenylmethane has been found to be a useful protecting group in the synthesis of methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-[α]-D-glucopyranoside and kojibiose octa-acetate (Jackson et al., 1982), and monoalkylations of vicinal diols have been achieved with this reagent and other diaryldiazoalkanes with high regioselectivities (Petursson & Webber, 1982; Petursson et al., 2007; Petursson, 2003; Petursson, 2001). This is of particular interest as the reaction is carried out under neutral conditions.
The utility of the benzhydryl group as a protecting group in carbohydrate chemistry has here been demonstrated with the reaction of 3,5-O-benzylidene-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone 1 with diphenyldiazomethane (Fig. 1). Such
are susceptible to at C-2; however x-ray crystallography unequivocally showed that this had not occurred and the protection had proceeded with retention of stereochemistry (Fig. 2). The consists of layers of interlocked molecules (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), lying parallel to the a-axis. There are no short range intermolecular interactions and no unusual bond lengths or angles. The was determined by the use of D-lyxonolactone as the starting material.For related literature see: Jackson et al. (1982); Petursson & Webber (1982); Petursson et al. (2007); Petursson (2001, 2003); Draths et al. (1992); Collins & Ferrier (1995); Görbitz (1999); Larson (1970).
Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1997).; cell
DENZO/SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO/SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994); program(s) used to refine structure: CRYSTALS (Betteridge et al., 2003); molecular graphics: CAMERON (Watkin et al., 1996); software used to prepare material for publication: CRYSTALS (Betteridge et al., 2003).C25H22O5 | Dx = 1.318 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 402.45 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Cell parameters from 2585 reflections |
a = 9.2805 (2) Å | θ = 5–27° |
b = 11.3538 (2) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
c = 19.2493 (4) Å | T = 150 K |
V = 2028.28 (7) Å3 | Plate, colourless |
Z = 4 | 0.50 × 0.25 × 0.10 mm |
F(000) = 848 |
Area diffractometer | 2218 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.036 |
ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 5.1° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (DENZO/SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | h = −12→12 |
Tmin = 0.66, Tmax = 0.99 | k = −14→14 |
17577 measured reflections | l = −24→24 |
2610 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
Least-squares matrix: full | H-atom parameters constrained |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | Method = Modified Sheldrick w = 1/[σ2(F2) + ( 0.05P)2 + 0.05P] , where P = (max(Fo2,0) + 2Fc2)/3 |
wR(F2) = 0.077 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
S = 0.97 | Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3 |
2610 reflections | Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3 |
272 parameters | Extinction correction: Larson (1970), Equation 22 |
0 restraints | Extinction coefficient: 450 (70) |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
C25H22O5 | V = 2028.28 (7) Å3 |
Mr = 402.45 | Z = 4 |
Orthorhombic, P212121 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.2805 (2) Å | µ = 0.09 mm−1 |
b = 11.3538 (2) Å | T = 150 K |
c = 19.2493 (4) Å | 0.50 × 0.25 × 0.10 mm |
Area diffractometer | 2610 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (DENZO/SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | 2218 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.66, Tmax = 0.99 | Rint = 0.036 |
17577 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.031 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.077 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.97 | Δρmax = 0.29 e Å−3 |
2610 reflections | Δρmin = −0.26 e Å−3 |
272 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.56592 (13) | 0.07905 (11) | 0.41774 (6) | 0.0309 | |
C2 | 0.47068 (18) | 0.13932 (14) | 0.44062 (8) | 0.0235 | |
O3 | 0.42559 (13) | 0.23855 (10) | 0.40913 (5) | 0.0269 | |
C4 | 0.31374 (18) | 0.29565 (15) | 0.45100 (8) | 0.0256 | |
C5 | 0.33742 (17) | 0.24620 (13) | 0.52366 (8) | 0.0217 | |
C6 | 0.38488 (17) | 0.12108 (13) | 0.50693 (8) | 0.0217 | |
O7 | 0.47250 (12) | 0.06450 (9) | 0.55632 (6) | 0.0225 | |
C8 | 0.39489 (18) | 0.02870 (14) | 0.61807 (8) | 0.0231 | |
C9 | 0.30274 (18) | −0.07850 (14) | 0.60446 (7) | 0.0226 | |
C10 | 0.16512 (18) | −0.08515 (15) | 0.63305 (8) | 0.0268 | |
C11 | 0.08162 (19) | −0.18516 (17) | 0.62452 (9) | 0.0330 | |
C12 | 0.1333 (2) | −0.27901 (16) | 0.58623 (9) | 0.0343 | |
C13 | 0.2677 (2) | −0.27227 (15) | 0.55607 (9) | 0.0317 | |
C14 | 0.35179 (19) | −0.17234 (14) | 0.56436 (8) | 0.0256 | |
C15 | 0.50938 (17) | 0.01400 (14) | 0.67385 (8) | 0.0244 | |
C16 | 0.5410 (2) | 0.11037 (15) | 0.71553 (8) | 0.0322 | |
C17 | 0.6506 (2) | 0.10513 (18) | 0.76443 (9) | 0.0411 | |
C18 | 0.7288 (2) | 0.00261 (19) | 0.77220 (9) | 0.0398 | |
C19 | 0.6970 (2) | −0.09474 (18) | 0.73217 (9) | 0.0374 | |
C20 | 0.58660 (19) | −0.08899 (16) | 0.68292 (8) | 0.0307 | |
O21 | 0.45628 (12) | 0.30226 (9) | 0.55734 (5) | 0.0220 | |
C22 | 0.44412 (18) | 0.42778 (13) | 0.55495 (8) | 0.0222 | |
O23 | 0.45259 (12) | 0.46674 (9) | 0.48571 (5) | 0.0252 | |
C24 | 0.33004 (18) | 0.42708 (14) | 0.44694 (9) | 0.0266 | |
C25 | 0.56836 (17) | 0.47882 (14) | 0.59490 (7) | 0.0215 | |
C26 | 0.62747 (18) | 0.41894 (15) | 0.65075 (8) | 0.0271 | |
C27 | 0.7432 (2) | 0.46592 (16) | 0.68709 (9) | 0.0325 | |
C28 | 0.7986 (2) | 0.57411 (16) | 0.66872 (8) | 0.0324 | |
C29 | 0.73958 (18) | 0.63525 (15) | 0.61357 (9) | 0.0312 | |
C30 | 0.62512 (17) | 0.58803 (14) | 0.57660 (9) | 0.0259 | |
H41 | 0.2201 | 0.2695 | 0.4329 | 0.0329* | |
H51 | 0.2482 | 0.2446 | 0.5518 | 0.0264* | |
H61 | 0.2989 | 0.0724 | 0.4983 | 0.0229* | |
H81 | 0.3272 | 0.0931 | 0.6347 | 0.0229* | |
H101 | 0.1291 | −0.0182 | 0.6591 | 0.0311* | |
H111 | −0.0116 | −0.1921 | 0.6444 | 0.0416* | |
H121 | 0.0759 | −0.3458 | 0.5822 | 0.0375* | |
H131 | 0.3037 | −0.3345 | 0.5304 | 0.0389* | |
H141 | 0.4444 | −0.1693 | 0.5436 | 0.0295* | |
H161 | 0.4895 | 0.1815 | 0.7110 | 0.0385* | |
H171 | 0.6701 | 0.1722 | 0.7928 | 0.0503* | |
H181 | 0.8027 | −0.0007 | 0.8051 | 0.0490* | |
H191 | 0.7479 | −0.1668 | 0.7368 | 0.0442* | |
H201 | 0.5650 | −0.1576 | 0.6565 | 0.0324* | |
H221 | 0.3486 | 0.4485 | 0.5766 | 0.0278* | |
H241 | 0.3431 | 0.4511 | 0.3995 | 0.0304* | |
H242 | 0.2454 | 0.4644 | 0.4657 | 0.0301* | |
H261 | 0.5900 | 0.3434 | 0.6651 | 0.0326* | |
H271 | 0.7810 | 0.4188 | 0.7246 | 0.0403* | |
H281 | 0.8757 | 0.6049 | 0.6915 | 0.0371* | |
H291 | 0.7803 | 0.7078 | 0.6024 | 0.0400* | |
H301 | 0.5885 | 0.6317 | 0.5379 | 0.0304* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0281 (6) | 0.0319 (6) | 0.0328 (6) | 0.0032 (6) | −0.0004 (6) | −0.0061 (6) |
C2 | 0.0221 (8) | 0.0219 (8) | 0.0267 (8) | −0.0032 (8) | −0.0045 (7) | −0.0031 (7) |
O3 | 0.0295 (6) | 0.0255 (6) | 0.0259 (5) | −0.0002 (5) | −0.0004 (5) | 0.0013 (5) |
C4 | 0.0196 (8) | 0.0247 (8) | 0.0324 (8) | −0.0007 (7) | −0.0037 (7) | −0.0007 (7) |
C5 | 0.0149 (7) | 0.0200 (8) | 0.0303 (8) | −0.0027 (7) | −0.0003 (7) | 0.0007 (7) |
C6 | 0.0189 (8) | 0.0172 (7) | 0.0290 (8) | −0.0031 (7) | −0.0036 (7) | 0.0015 (7) |
O7 | 0.0193 (6) | 0.0208 (5) | 0.0274 (5) | −0.0006 (5) | −0.0007 (5) | 0.0031 (5) |
C8 | 0.0225 (8) | 0.0198 (7) | 0.0272 (7) | −0.0021 (7) | 0.0016 (7) | −0.0001 (7) |
C9 | 0.0230 (8) | 0.0214 (8) | 0.0234 (7) | −0.0016 (7) | −0.0039 (7) | 0.0035 (7) |
C10 | 0.0242 (9) | 0.0301 (9) | 0.0262 (8) | −0.0011 (8) | −0.0030 (7) | 0.0021 (7) |
C11 | 0.0234 (9) | 0.0414 (11) | 0.0343 (8) | −0.0109 (9) | −0.0040 (8) | 0.0100 (8) |
C12 | 0.0366 (11) | 0.0280 (9) | 0.0383 (9) | −0.0130 (8) | −0.0142 (9) | 0.0106 (8) |
C13 | 0.0401 (10) | 0.0211 (8) | 0.0340 (8) | 0.0005 (8) | −0.0103 (9) | 0.0004 (8) |
C14 | 0.0247 (9) | 0.0234 (8) | 0.0287 (8) | 0.0005 (7) | −0.0020 (7) | 0.0018 (7) |
C15 | 0.0226 (8) | 0.0274 (8) | 0.0233 (7) | −0.0059 (7) | 0.0007 (7) | 0.0016 (7) |
C16 | 0.0424 (11) | 0.0264 (9) | 0.0280 (8) | −0.0085 (9) | −0.0015 (9) | 0.0021 (7) |
C17 | 0.0514 (12) | 0.0423 (11) | 0.0297 (8) | −0.0159 (11) | −0.0102 (9) | 0.0005 (8) |
C18 | 0.0333 (10) | 0.0584 (13) | 0.0278 (8) | −0.0122 (10) | −0.0072 (8) | 0.0076 (9) |
C19 | 0.0290 (9) | 0.0475 (12) | 0.0358 (9) | 0.0027 (10) | −0.0026 (8) | 0.0066 (9) |
C20 | 0.0288 (9) | 0.0321 (9) | 0.0313 (8) | 0.0019 (8) | −0.0037 (8) | −0.0036 (8) |
O21 | 0.0221 (6) | 0.0156 (5) | 0.0283 (5) | −0.0016 (5) | −0.0024 (5) | −0.0003 (5) |
C22 | 0.0226 (8) | 0.0158 (7) | 0.0283 (8) | 0.0007 (7) | 0.0033 (7) | 0.0007 (7) |
O23 | 0.0260 (6) | 0.0223 (5) | 0.0272 (5) | −0.0045 (5) | −0.0028 (5) | 0.0044 (5) |
C24 | 0.0230 (8) | 0.0244 (8) | 0.0325 (8) | −0.0016 (8) | −0.0054 (8) | 0.0038 (8) |
C25 | 0.0188 (8) | 0.0198 (7) | 0.0261 (7) | 0.0004 (7) | 0.0056 (7) | −0.0043 (7) |
C26 | 0.0316 (9) | 0.0252 (8) | 0.0246 (7) | −0.0035 (8) | 0.0042 (8) | −0.0012 (7) |
C27 | 0.0351 (10) | 0.0353 (10) | 0.0271 (8) | 0.0007 (9) | −0.0012 (8) | −0.0033 (8) |
C28 | 0.0261 (9) | 0.0366 (10) | 0.0345 (9) | −0.0067 (8) | −0.0009 (8) | −0.0098 (8) |
C29 | 0.0266 (9) | 0.0240 (9) | 0.0428 (9) | −0.0057 (8) | 0.0038 (9) | −0.0029 (8) |
C30 | 0.0219 (8) | 0.0214 (8) | 0.0344 (8) | −0.0001 (7) | 0.0038 (7) | −0.0007 (7) |
O1—C2 | 1.2015 (19) | C15—C20 | 1.382 (2) |
C2—O3 | 1.3461 (19) | C16—C17 | 1.387 (3) |
C2—C6 | 1.519 (2) | C16—H161 | 0.942 |
O3—C4 | 1.465 (2) | C17—C18 | 1.380 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.523 (2) | C17—H171 | 0.955 |
C4—C24 | 1.502 (2) | C18—C19 | 1.379 (3) |
C4—H41 | 0.982 | C18—H181 | 0.934 |
C5—C6 | 1.522 (2) | C19—C20 | 1.397 (2) |
C5—O21 | 1.4291 (18) | C19—H191 | 0.948 |
C5—H51 | 0.990 | C20—H201 | 0.952 |
C6—O7 | 1.4063 (18) | O21—C22 | 1.4303 (18) |
C6—H61 | 0.984 | C22—O23 | 1.4065 (18) |
O7—C8 | 1.4482 (19) | C22—C25 | 1.502 (2) |
C8—C9 | 1.510 (2) | C22—H221 | 1.008 |
C8—C15 | 1.520 (2) | O23—C24 | 1.4329 (19) |
C8—H81 | 1.016 | C24—H241 | 0.961 |
C9—C10 | 1.393 (2) | C24—H242 | 0.962 |
C9—C14 | 1.392 (2) | C25—C26 | 1.385 (2) |
C10—C11 | 1.385 (2) | C25—C30 | 1.393 (2) |
C10—H101 | 0.970 | C26—C27 | 1.388 (2) |
C11—C12 | 1.382 (3) | C26—H261 | 0.966 |
C11—H111 | 0.949 | C27—C28 | 1.378 (2) |
C12—C13 | 1.377 (3) | C27—H271 | 0.965 |
C12—H121 | 0.930 | C28—C29 | 1.382 (2) |
C13—C14 | 1.386 (2) | C28—H281 | 0.909 |
C13—H131 | 0.925 | C29—C30 | 1.386 (2) |
C14—H141 | 0.949 | C29—H291 | 0.931 |
C15—C16 | 1.388 (2) | C30—H301 | 0.958 |
O1—C2—O3 | 122.70 (15) | C16—C15—C20 | 118.96 (15) |
O1—C2—C6 | 128.04 (15) | C15—C16—C17 | 120.88 (17) |
O3—C2—C6 | 109.25 (13) | C15—C16—H161 | 121.0 |
C2—O3—C4 | 110.05 (12) | C17—C16—H161 | 118.1 |
O3—C4—C5 | 103.88 (12) | C16—C17—C18 | 119.71 (17) |
O3—C4—C24 | 109.85 (14) | C16—C17—H171 | 119.6 |
C5—C4—C24 | 113.54 (14) | C18—C17—H171 | 120.7 |
O3—C4—H41 | 107.3 | C17—C18—C19 | 120.16 (17) |
C5—C4—H41 | 110.0 | C17—C18—H181 | 119.6 |
C24—C4—H41 | 111.8 | C19—C18—H181 | 120.3 |
C4—C5—C6 | 101.04 (12) | C18—C19—C20 | 119.92 (18) |
C4—C5—O21 | 111.33 (13) | C18—C19—H191 | 122.1 |
C6—C5—O21 | 106.76 (12) | C20—C19—H191 | 118.0 |
C4—C5—H51 | 112.9 | C19—C20—C15 | 120.35 (17) |
C6—C5—H51 | 109.9 | C19—C20—H201 | 118.6 |
O21—C5—H51 | 114.0 | C15—C20—H201 | 121.1 |
C5—C6—C2 | 101.68 (12) | C5—O21—C22 | 111.61 (12) |
C5—C6—O7 | 116.79 (13) | O21—C22—O23 | 109.84 (12) |
C2—C6—O7 | 109.11 (12) | O21—C22—C25 | 107.90 (13) |
C5—C6—H61 | 109.0 | O23—C22—C25 | 108.72 (13) |
C2—C6—H61 | 111.1 | O21—C22—H221 | 106.8 |
O7—C6—H61 | 109.0 | O23—C22—H221 | 111.6 |
C6—O7—C8 | 113.30 (11) | C25—C22—H221 | 111.9 |
O7—C8—C9 | 111.43 (12) | C22—O23—C24 | 110.51 (12) |
O7—C8—C15 | 105.25 (12) | C4—C24—O23 | 111.41 (13) |
C9—C8—C15 | 115.46 (13) | C4—C24—H241 | 110.2 |
O7—C8—H81 | 111.4 | O23—C24—H241 | 107.8 |
C9—C8—H81 | 106.5 | C4—C24—H242 | 109.6 |
C15—C8—H81 | 106.8 | O23—C24—H242 | 108.3 |
C8—C9—C10 | 119.62 (14) | H241—C24—H242 | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C14 | 121.86 (14) | C22—C25—C26 | 120.79 (14) |
C10—C9—C14 | 118.52 (15) | C22—C25—C30 | 120.28 (14) |
C9—C10—C11 | 120.72 (16) | C26—C25—C30 | 118.92 (15) |
C9—C10—H101 | 118.6 | C25—C26—C27 | 120.58 (16) |
C11—C10—H101 | 120.7 | C25—C26—H261 | 121.1 |
C10—C11—C12 | 120.09 (17) | C27—C26—H261 | 118.4 |
C10—C11—H111 | 122.1 | C26—C27—C28 | 120.13 (17) |
C12—C11—H111 | 117.8 | C26—C27—H271 | 116.4 |
C11—C12—C13 | 119.76 (17) | C28—C27—H271 | 123.4 |
C11—C12—H121 | 118.3 | C27—C28—C29 | 119.82 (17) |
C13—C12—H121 | 121.9 | C27—C28—H281 | 120.9 |
C12—C13—C14 | 120.44 (16) | C29—C28—H281 | 119.3 |
C12—C13—H131 | 120.7 | C28—C29—C30 | 120.25 (16) |
C14—C13—H131 | 118.9 | C28—C29—H291 | 117.4 |
C9—C14—C13 | 120.39 (15) | C30—C29—H291 | 122.3 |
C9—C14—H141 | 120.1 | C25—C30—C29 | 120.29 (16) |
C13—C14—H141 | 119.5 | C25—C30—H301 | 121.6 |
C8—C15—C16 | 117.99 (15) | C29—C30—H301 | 118.1 |
C8—C15—C20 | 123.00 (14) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C4—H41···O21i | 0.98 | 2.59 | 3.502 (2) | 155 |
C24—H242···O7i | 0.96 | 2.59 | 3.320 (2) | 133 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C25H22O5 |
Mr | 402.45 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, P212121 |
Temperature (K) | 150 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.2805 (2), 11.3538 (2), 19.2493 (4) |
V (Å3) | 2028.28 (7) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.09 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.50 × 0.25 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Area |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (DENZO/SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.66, 0.99 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 17577, 2610, 2218 |
Rint | 0.036 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.031, 0.077, 0.97 |
No. of reflections | 2610 |
No. of parameters | 272 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.29, −0.26 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1997)., DENZO/SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994), CRYSTALS (Betteridge et al., 2003), CAMERON (Watkin et al., 1996).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C4—H41···O21i | 0.98 | 2.59 | 3.502 (2) | 155 |
C24—H242···O7i | 0.96 | 2.59 | 3.320 (2) | 133 |
Symmetry code: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1. |
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Carbohydrates are relatively inexpensive and are useful starting materials for the synthesis of small chiral molecules (Collins & Ferrier, 1995) and chiral building blocks (Draths et al., 1992). Much of their synthetic utility is however dependent on developing successful protecting group strategies. Diazodiphenylmethane has been found to be a useful protecting group in the synthesis of methyl 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-[α]-D-glucopyranoside and kojibiose octa-acetate (Jackson et al., 1982), and monoalkylations of vicinal diols have been achieved with this reagent and other diaryldiazoalkanes with high regioselectivities (Petursson & Webber, 1982; Petursson et al., 2007; Petursson, 2003; Petursson, 2001). This is of particular interest as the reaction is carried out under neutral conditions.
The utility of the benzhydryl group as a protecting group in carbohydrate chemistry has here been demonstrated with the reaction of 3,5-O-benzylidene-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone 1 with diphenyldiazomethane (Fig. 1). Such lactones are susceptible to epimerization at C-2; however x-ray crystallography unequivocally showed that this had not occurred and the protection had proceeded with retention of stereochemistry (Fig. 2). The crystal structure consists of layers of interlocked molecules (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4), lying parallel to the a-axis. There are no short range intermolecular interactions and no unusual bond lengths or angles. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of D-lyxonolactone as the starting material.