metal-organic compounds
[4-Chloro-N′-(3-methoxy-2-oxidobenzylidene)benzohydrazidato]dimethyltin(IV)
aCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: handongyin@163.com
In the title molecule, [Sn(CH3)2(C15H11ClN2O3)], the two benzene rings form a dihedral angle of 6.37 (2)°. The Sn atom is coordinated by one N [Sn—N = 2.187 (3) Å], two O [Sn—O = 2.123 (3) and 2.174 (3) Å] and two C [Sn—C = 2.096 (4) and 2.101 (4) Å] atoms in a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. The crystal packing exhibits weak intermolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with an Sn⋯Sn separation of 4.330 (6) Å, and π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance of 3.690 (5) Å between the benzene rings of neighbouring molecules].
Experimental
Crystal data
|
Refinement
|
Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell SAINT (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536808040786/cv2482sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808040786/cv2482Isup2.hkl
The reaction was carried out under nitrogen atmosphere. o-vanillin 4-chlorobenzhydrazone(1 mmol) and sodium ethoxide (1.2 mmol) were added to the solution of benzene(30 ml) in a Schlenk flask and stirred for 0.5 h. Dimethyltin dichloride (1 mmol) was then added to the reactor and the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at 313 K.The resulting clear solution was evaporated under vacuum. The product was crystallized from a mixture of dichloromethane/methanol (1:1). Analysis calculated (75%) for C17H17ClN2O3Sn (Mr = 451.47): C, 45.22; H, 3.80; N, 6.20, found: C, 45.09; H, 3.76; N, 6.35.
All H atoms attached to C atoms were fixed geometrically and treated as riding with, with aromatic C—H distances of 0.93 Å, methyl C—H distances of 0.96 Å. The Uiso(H) values were set at 1.5Uiso(C) for the methyl H atoms, and at 1.2Uiso(C) for the other H atoms.
Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell
SMART (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT (Siemens, 1996); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I), showing 30% probability displacement ellipsoids and the atom-numbering scheme. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. |
[Sn(CH3)2(C15H11ClN2O3)] | F(000) = 1792 |
Mr = 451.47 | Dx = 1.687 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 30.015 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 4052 reflections |
b = 9.5039 (10) Å | θ = 2.3–28.1° |
c = 13.5615 (18) Å | µ = 1.60 mm−1 |
β = 113.189 (2)° | T = 298 K |
V = 3556.0 (7) Å3 | Block, orange |
Z = 8 | 0.50 × 0.20 × 0.08 mm |
Siemens SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3113 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2392 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.061 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.3° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −35→35 |
Tmin = 0.501, Tmax = 0.882 | k = −10→11 |
8568 measured reflections | l = −8→16 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.080 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0351P)2 + 0.1164P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
3113 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
220 parameters | Δρmax = 0.66 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.57 e Å−3 |
[Sn(CH3)2(C15H11ClN2O3)] | V = 3556.0 (7) Å3 |
Mr = 451.47 | Z = 8 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 30.015 (3) Å | µ = 1.60 mm−1 |
b = 9.5039 (10) Å | T = 298 K |
c = 13.5615 (18) Å | 0.50 × 0.20 × 0.08 mm |
β = 113.189 (2)° |
Siemens SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3113 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 2392 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.501, Tmax = 0.882 | Rint = 0.061 |
8568 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.080 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.00 | Δρmax = 0.66 e Å−3 |
3113 reflections | Δρmin = −0.57 e Å−3 |
220 parameters |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Sn1 | 0.032667 (8) | 0.79772 (3) | 0.059696 (18) | 0.03884 (12) | |
Cl1 | 0.23989 (4) | 0.12286 (15) | 0.38025 (11) | 0.0824 (4) | |
N1 | 0.03655 (10) | 0.5011 (3) | 0.1544 (2) | 0.0386 (7) | |
N2 | 0.00348 (9) | 0.6097 (3) | 0.1058 (2) | 0.0343 (7) | |
O1 | 0.08954 (9) | 0.6394 (3) | 0.1128 (2) | 0.0516 (7) | |
O2 | −0.04042 (8) | 0.8667 (3) | 0.0035 (2) | 0.0481 (7) | |
O3 | −0.11949 (8) | 1.0208 (3) | −0.0695 (2) | 0.0593 (8) | |
C1 | 0.07925 (12) | 0.5289 (4) | 0.1536 (3) | 0.0375 (9) | |
C2 | 0.11826 (12) | 0.4249 (4) | 0.2063 (3) | 0.0373 (9) | |
C3 | 0.11002 (14) | 0.3030 (4) | 0.2523 (3) | 0.0452 (10) | |
H3 | 0.0788 | 0.2837 | 0.2472 | 0.054* | |
C4 | 0.14663 (14) | 0.2095 (4) | 0.3054 (3) | 0.0484 (10) | |
H4 | 0.1405 | 0.1282 | 0.3361 | 0.058* | |
C5 | 0.19244 (14) | 0.2392 (5) | 0.3119 (3) | 0.0515 (11) | |
C6 | 0.20167 (14) | 0.3569 (5) | 0.2656 (4) | 0.0706 (14) | |
H6 | 0.2328 | 0.3747 | 0.2696 | 0.085* | |
C7 | 0.16426 (14) | 0.4496 (5) | 0.2123 (4) | 0.0603 (12) | |
H7 | 0.1704 | 0.5297 | 0.1803 | 0.072* | |
C8 | −0.03937 (12) | 0.5902 (4) | 0.1040 (3) | 0.0394 (9) | |
H8 | −0.0445 | 0.5060 | 0.1330 | 0.047* | |
C9 | −0.07999 (13) | 0.6841 (4) | 0.0622 (3) | 0.0392 (9) | |
C10 | −0.07884 (13) | 0.8150 (4) | 0.0152 (3) | 0.0396 (9) | |
C11 | −0.12244 (12) | 0.8960 (4) | −0.0225 (3) | 0.0446 (10) | |
C12 | −0.16337 (14) | 0.8486 (5) | −0.0114 (3) | 0.0570 (12) | |
H12 | −0.1911 | 0.9040 | −0.0351 | 0.068* | |
C13 | −0.16372 (15) | 0.7186 (5) | 0.0348 (4) | 0.0655 (14) | |
H13 | −0.1917 | 0.6872 | 0.0417 | 0.079* | |
C14 | −0.12297 (13) | 0.6366 (5) | 0.0703 (3) | 0.0529 (11) | |
H14 | −0.1236 | 0.5488 | 0.1001 | 0.063* | |
C15 | −0.16273 (14) | 1.1007 (5) | −0.1172 (4) | 0.0785 (16) | |
H15A | −0.1874 | 1.0434 | −0.1683 | 0.118* | |
H15B | −0.1566 | 1.1810 | −0.1529 | 0.118* | |
H15C | −0.1733 | 1.1315 | −0.0626 | 0.118* | |
C16 | 0.03486 (14) | 0.8041 (4) | −0.0928 (3) | 0.0450 (10) | |
H16A | 0.0310 | 0.8996 | −0.1180 | 0.068* | |
H16B | 0.0091 | 0.7475 | −0.1416 | 0.068* | |
H16C | 0.0654 | 0.7683 | −0.0887 | 0.068* | |
C17 | 0.05918 (14) | 0.9110 (4) | 0.2044 (3) | 0.0508 (11) | |
H17A | 0.0896 | 0.8717 | 0.2515 | 0.076* | |
H17B | 0.0363 | 0.9053 | 0.2378 | 0.076* | |
H17C | 0.0637 | 1.0077 | 0.1901 | 0.076* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Sn1 | 0.03741 (16) | 0.0408 (2) | 0.04022 (17) | 0.00259 (12) | 0.01728 (12) | 0.00166 (12) |
Cl1 | 0.0532 (6) | 0.0705 (9) | 0.1054 (10) | 0.0202 (6) | 0.0120 (7) | 0.0138 (8) |
N1 | 0.0381 (16) | 0.0376 (19) | 0.0420 (17) | 0.0032 (14) | 0.0179 (13) | 0.0047 (15) |
N2 | 0.0349 (15) | 0.0350 (18) | 0.0347 (15) | −0.0004 (14) | 0.0156 (13) | −0.0008 (14) |
O1 | 0.0453 (15) | 0.0475 (18) | 0.0701 (18) | 0.0051 (13) | 0.0315 (14) | 0.0148 (16) |
O2 | 0.0381 (13) | 0.0485 (18) | 0.0603 (16) | 0.0043 (12) | 0.0222 (13) | 0.0120 (14) |
O3 | 0.0347 (14) | 0.0504 (19) | 0.086 (2) | 0.0068 (13) | 0.0167 (14) | 0.0133 (17) |
C1 | 0.041 (2) | 0.040 (2) | 0.0346 (19) | 0.0022 (17) | 0.0176 (16) | −0.0034 (17) |
C2 | 0.0383 (19) | 0.036 (2) | 0.040 (2) | −0.0003 (16) | 0.0178 (16) | −0.0031 (17) |
C3 | 0.042 (2) | 0.045 (3) | 0.048 (2) | −0.0001 (19) | 0.0167 (18) | −0.002 (2) |
C4 | 0.048 (2) | 0.041 (3) | 0.054 (2) | 0.0014 (19) | 0.0167 (19) | 0.008 (2) |
C5 | 0.043 (2) | 0.048 (3) | 0.055 (2) | 0.008 (2) | 0.0104 (19) | −0.002 (2) |
C6 | 0.033 (2) | 0.073 (3) | 0.101 (4) | 0.002 (2) | 0.022 (2) | 0.019 (3) |
C7 | 0.047 (2) | 0.055 (3) | 0.082 (3) | 0.001 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.018 (3) |
C8 | 0.045 (2) | 0.041 (2) | 0.0353 (19) | −0.0024 (18) | 0.0191 (16) | −0.0051 (17) |
C9 | 0.0394 (19) | 0.048 (3) | 0.0317 (18) | 0.0020 (18) | 0.0152 (16) | −0.0009 (17) |
C10 | 0.0358 (19) | 0.047 (3) | 0.0346 (19) | −0.0015 (17) | 0.0128 (16) | −0.0051 (18) |
C11 | 0.039 (2) | 0.045 (3) | 0.047 (2) | 0.0023 (19) | 0.0141 (17) | −0.001 (2) |
C12 | 0.038 (2) | 0.063 (3) | 0.071 (3) | 0.006 (2) | 0.022 (2) | 0.011 (3) |
C13 | 0.039 (2) | 0.087 (4) | 0.076 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.029 (2) | 0.019 (3) |
C14 | 0.042 (2) | 0.064 (3) | 0.056 (2) | −0.001 (2) | 0.0234 (19) | 0.011 (2) |
C15 | 0.041 (2) | 0.067 (3) | 0.113 (4) | 0.011 (2) | 0.014 (3) | 0.023 (3) |
C16 | 0.053 (2) | 0.042 (2) | 0.045 (2) | 0.0016 (19) | 0.0245 (18) | 0.0022 (19) |
C17 | 0.056 (2) | 0.047 (3) | 0.044 (2) | −0.005 (2) | 0.0149 (19) | −0.002 (2) |
Sn1—C16 | 2.096 (4) | C6—H6 | 0.9300 |
Sn1—C17 | 2.101 (4) | C7—H7 | 0.9300 |
Sn1—O2 | 2.123 (2) | C8—C9 | 1.436 (5) |
Sn1—O1 | 2.174 (3) | C8—H8 | 0.9300 |
Sn1—N2 | 2.187 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.404 (5) |
Cl1—C5 | 1.752 (4) | C9—C14 | 1.412 (5) |
N1—C1 | 1.313 (4) | C10—C11 | 1.428 (5) |
N1—N2 | 1.403 (4) | C11—C12 | 1.371 (5) |
N2—C8 | 1.290 (4) | C12—C13 | 1.387 (6) |
O1—C1 | 1.281 (4) | C12—H12 | 0.9300 |
O2—C10 | 1.319 (4) | C13—C14 | 1.368 (6) |
O3—C11 | 1.365 (5) | C13—H13 | 0.9300 |
O3—C15 | 1.421 (5) | C14—H14 | 0.9300 |
C1—C2 | 1.483 (5) | C15—H15A | 0.9600 |
C2—C7 | 1.371 (5) | C15—H15B | 0.9600 |
C2—C3 | 1.383 (5) | C15—H15C | 0.9600 |
C3—C4 | 1.376 (5) | C16—H16A | 0.9600 |
C3—H3 | 0.9300 | C16—H16B | 0.9600 |
C4—C5 | 1.372 (6) | C16—H16C | 0.9600 |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C17—H17A | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.364 (6) | C17—H17B | 0.9600 |
C6—C7 | 1.386 (6) | C17—H17C | 0.9600 |
Sn1···Sn1i | 4.3302 (6) | Cg1···Cg2ii | 3.690 (5) |
C16—Sn1—C17 | 139.41 (15) | C14—C13—H13 | 119.9 |
C16—Sn1—O2 | 93.81 (13) | C12—C13—H13 | 119.9 |
C17—Sn1—O2 | 97.74 (13) | C13—C14—C9 | 120.5 (4) |
C16—Sn1—O1 | 91.21 (13) | C13—C14—H14 | 119.7 |
C17—Sn1—O1 | 94.93 (13) | C9—C14—H14 | 119.7 |
O2—Sn1—O1 | 153.92 (11) | O3—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
C16—Sn1—N2 | 118.54 (12) | O3—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C17—Sn1—N2 | 101.45 (14) | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
O2—Sn1—N2 | 83.18 (10) | O3—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
O1—Sn1—N2 | 71.99 (10) | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C16—Sn1—Sn1i | 77.92 (10) | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C17—Sn1—Sn1i | 81.00 (11) | Sn1—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
O2—Sn1—Sn1i | 48.68 (7) | Sn1—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
O1—Sn1—Sn1i | 156.79 (7) | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
N2—Sn1—Sn1i | 131.22 (7) | Sn1—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C1—N1—N2 | 111.2 (3) | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C8—N2—N1 | 114.8 (3) | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C8—N2—Sn1 | 128.4 (3) | Sn1—C17—H17A | 109.5 |
N1—N2—Sn1 | 116.5 (2) | Sn1—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C1—O1—Sn1 | 114.8 (2) | H17A—C17—H17B | 109.5 |
C10—O2—Sn1 | 132.1 (2) | Sn1—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
C11—O3—C15 | 117.4 (3) | H17A—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
O1—C1—N1 | 124.8 (3) | H17B—C17—H17C | 109.5 |
O1—C1—C2 | 118.4 (3) | C3—CG1—C5 | 119.9 (3) |
N1—C1—C2 | 116.7 (3) | C3—CG1—C7 | 119.8 (2) |
C7—C2—C3 | 118.1 (4) | C5—CG1—C7 | 120.3 (2) |
C7—C2—C1 | 120.0 (4) | C3—CG1—C6 | 179.4 (3) |
C3—C2—C1 | 121.9 (3) | C5—CG1—C6 | 59.6 (3) |
C2—C3—C4 | 121.9 (4) | C7—CG1—C6 | 60.6 (2) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.0 | C3—CG1—C4 | 60.1 (2) |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.0 | C5—CG1—C4 | 59.8 (2) |
C5—C4—C3 | 118.3 (4) | C7—CG1—C4 | 179.6 (3) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.8 | C6—CG1—C4 | 119.4 (3) |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.8 | C3—CG1—C2 | 60.4 (2) |
C6—C5—C4 | 121.3 (4) | C5—CG1—C2 | 179.2 (2) |
C6—C5—Cl1 | 119.4 (3) | C7—CG1—C2 | 59.5 (2) |
C4—C5—Cl1 | 119.3 (4) | C6—CG1—C2 | 120.1 (3) |
C5—C6—C7 | 119.5 (4) | C4—CG1—C2 | 120.5 (2) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.3 | C3—CG1—CG2ii | 91.56 (16) |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.3 | C5—CG1—CG2ii | 102.81 (18) |
C2—C7—C6 | 120.8 (4) | C7—CG1—CG2ii | 75.46 (19) |
C2—C7—H7 | 119.6 | C6—CG1—CG2ii | 88.2 (2) |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.6 | C4—CG1—CG2ii | 104.11 (17) |
N2—C8—C9 | 127.1 (4) | C2—CG1—CG2ii | 77.95 (14) |
N2—C8—H8 | 116.4 | C11—CG2—C12 | 59.4 (2) |
C9—C8—H8 | 116.4 | C11—CG2—C14 | 178.1 (2) |
C10—C9—C14 | 120.4 (3) | C12—CG2—C14 | 118.9 (2) |
C10—C9—C8 | 124.2 (4) | C11—CG2—C13 | 119.3 (2) |
C14—C9—C8 | 115.5 (4) | C12—CG2—C13 | 59.9 (2) |
O2—C10—C9 | 124.3 (3) | C14—CG2—C13 | 59.0 (2) |
O2—C10—C11 | 118.5 (4) | C11—CG2—C9 | 120.8 (2) |
C9—C10—C11 | 117.2 (3) | C12—CG2—C9 | 179.5 (2) |
O3—C11—C12 | 124.2 (3) | C14—CG2—C9 | 61.0 (2) |
O3—C11—C10 | 114.6 (3) | C13—CG2—C9 | 120.0 (2) |
C12—C11—C10 | 121.2 (4) | C11—CG2—C10 | 61.1 (2) |
C11—C12—C13 | 120.6 (4) | C12—CG2—C10 | 120.4 (2) |
C11—C12—H12 | 119.7 | C14—CG2—C10 | 120.6 (2) |
C13—C12—H12 | 119.7 | C13—CG2—C10 | 179.6 (3) |
C14—C13—C12 | 120.1 (4) | C9—CG2—C10 | 59.7 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+2, −z; (ii) −x, −y+1, −z. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C15—H15B···O1i | 0.96 | 2.53 | 3.290 (6) | 136 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x, −y+2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Sn(CH3)2(C15H11ClN2O3)] |
Mr | 451.47 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2/c |
Temperature (K) | 298 |
a, b, c (Å) | 30.015 (3), 9.5039 (10), 13.5615 (18) |
β (°) | 113.189 (2) |
V (Å3) | 3556.0 (7) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 1.60 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.50 × 0.20 × 0.08 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Siemens SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.501, 0.882 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 8568, 3113, 2392 |
Rint | 0.061 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.029, 0.080, 1.00 |
No. of reflections | 3113 |
No. of parameters | 220 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.66, −0.57 |
Computer programs: SMART (Siemens, 1996), SAINT (Siemens, 1996), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C15—H15B···O1i | 0.96 | 2.53 | 3.290 (6) | 136.2 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x, −y+2, −z. |
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge the financial support of the Shandong Provincial Science Foundation and the State Key Laboratory of Crystalline Materials, Shandong University.
References
Hong, M., Yin, H.-D. & Wang, D.-Q. (2006). Acta Cryst. E62, m1504–m1505. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany. Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Siemens (1996). SMART and SAINT. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
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The molecular structure of the title compound, (I), is shown in Fig. 1. The Sn atom has distorted trigonal-bipyramidal coordination geometry, with atoms O1 and O2 in axial positions [O1—Sn1—O2 = 153.92 (11)°] and the atoms C16, C17 and N2 in equatorial positions. The sum of the equatorial angles C16—Sn1—C17, C16—Sn1—N2 and C17—Sn—N2 is 359.4 (1) °, indicating approximate coplanarity for these atoms. The Sn1—N2 bond length is 2.187 (3) Å close to the sum of the non-polar covalent radii 2.15 Å, indicating a strong Sn—N interaction. The Sn-O coordinating bond lengths are close to those in the reported compound [Sn(C6H5)2(C14H10N2O3)].C2H6O (Hong et al., 2006). The crystal packing exhibits weak intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 2), which link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers with Sn···Sn separation of 4.330 (6) Å, and π–π interactions proved by short distance of 3.690 (5) between the centroids of benzene rings from the neighbouring molecules (Table 1).