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organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890
Volume 65| Part 1| January 2009| Page o167
doi:10.1107/S1600536808042670

3-Phenyl­tetra­hydro­furan-2,5-dione

Li Quana and Handong Yina*

aCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Shandong 252059, People's Republic of China
*Correspondence e-mail: handongyin@163.com

(Received 24 November 2008; accepted 15 December 2008; online 20 December 2008)

In the title compound, C10H8O3, the dihedral angle between the approximately planar tetra­hydro­furan-2,5-dione ring [maximum deviation 0.014 (3) Å] and the phenyl ring is 85.68 (8)°. Weak C—H⋯O=C inter­molecular hydrogen-bonding contacts are observed in the structure.

Related literature

For the crystal structure of the related compound, 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyl­tetra­hydro­furan-2,5-dione, see: Rudler et al. (2005[Rudler, H., Parlier, A., Alvarez, C. & Vaissermann, J. (2005). J. Organomet. Chem. 690, 4087-4089. ]). For hydrogen bonds, see: Desiraju & Steiner (2001[Desiraju, G. R. & Steiner, T. (2001). The Weak Hydrogen Bond In Structural Chemistry and Biology. IUCr Monographs on Crystallography, No. 9, pp. 97-121. Oxford University Press.]); Jeffrey & Saenger (1994[Jeffrey, G. A. & Saenger, W. (1994). Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Structures, p. 157, Study Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data

  • C10H8O3

  • Mr = 176.16

  • Orthorhombic, P 21 21 21

  • a = 5.6172 (9) Å

  • b = 10.1460 (12) Å

  • c = 14.9899 (19) Å

  • V = 854.3 (2) Å3

  • Z = 4

  • Mo Kα radiation

  • μ = 0.10 mm−1

  • T = 298 (2) K

  • 0.43 × 0.18 × 0.15 mm
Data collection

  • Siemens SMART diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996[Sheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.958, Tmax = 0.985

  • 4082 measured reflections

  • 905 independent reflections

  • 583 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.048
Refinement

  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035

  • wR(F2) = 0.069

  • S = 1.14

  • 905 reflections

  • 124 parameters

  • 4 restraints

  • H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement

  • Δρmax = 0.11 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.12 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A D⋯A D—H⋯A
C3—H3B⋯O3i 1.02 (2) 2.60 (2) 3.446 (4) 140 (2)
C8—H8⋯O2ii 1.00 (2) 2.65 (2) 3.409 (4) 133 (2)
C8—H8⋯O3iii 1.00 (2) 2.58 (2) 3.373 (4) 136 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) [x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+2]; (ii) [x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+1]; (iii) [-x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+1, z-{\script{1\over 2}}].

Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996[Siemens (1996). SMART and SAINT. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: SAINT (Siemens, 1996[Siemens (1996). SMART and SAINT. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Ctyst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Ctyst. A64, 112-122.]); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997[Farrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565.]) and PLATON (Spek, 2003[Spek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7-13.]); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Ctyst. A64, 112-122.]) and PLATON.

Supporting information

Crystal structure: contains datablocks I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808042670/si2139sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808042670/si2139Isup2.hkl

checkCIF report


Comment top

Initially, the structure of the title compound (I) was refined with an absolute structure parameter x (Flack, 1983) of 0.0(1.9), which is a meaningless result. As a consequence, the Friedel pairs were averaged. Thus, the absolute structure of the title compound (Fig.1) is unknown and the chiral atom C2 indicates the S* form (Fig. 1). A similar compound, 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione, (Rudler et al. 2005) crystallized in the centrosymmetric space group P21/n, with racemic forms R* and S* in the structure.

Normally, a twist or envelope form for the THF-2,5-dione ring was expected. In the title structure, the 2,5-dione ring is essentially planar, with the chiral atom C2 within the plane, whereas in the 3,3-dimethyl-2,5-dione ring (Rudler et al. 2005), a flattened envelope form was observed, with the chiral atom C1 being slightly out-of-plane. Interestingly, the title molecule has a dihedral angle of 85.68 (8)° between the phenyl ring and the planar tetrahydrofurane-2,5-dione ring.

The dione C==O groups are normally good acceptors for intermolecular weak C—H···O contacts in the absence of classic donors (O–H, N–H). In the title structure, the C—H···O==C contacts should be considered as very weak interactions. Two H···O distances are below the accepted maximum values of 2.65 - 2.66 Å which are reported in the literature (Jeffrey & Saenger, 1994, p. 157). Weak intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds are also extensively discussed, with many structural examples, by Desiraju & Steiner (2001).

For the following comparison of the title structure (I) and the related structure reported by Rudler et al. (2005) (II), the CIF of (II) has been requested from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) by using the assigned CCDC No. 266338. Calculation of geometric details for both structures and for preparing Figures 2 and 3, the programme PLATON (Spek, 2003) was used, including the check.CIF procedures. Inspection of the hydrogen bond geometry in the 3,3-dimethyl analogue structure (II) (Rudler et al. 2005) however, with C–H distances 1.00 - 1.03 Å, showed acceptable C—H···O==C bonds. For a fair comparison of both structures, hard distance restraints (DFIX 1.02 (0.02) Å) for C8–H8 and C3–H3B were applied in the re-refinement of the title structure. As a result, two of the three intermolecular contacts C—H···O==C (Table 1) with O3 as a bifurcated acceptor, showed up to form a three-dimensional hydrogen bonding network, due to the screw axes (21) distribution in the cell (Fig. 2). Interestingly, in the dimethyl-structure (II), the molecules are linked by weak intermolecular C—H···O==C hydrogen bonding contacts to form layers along the b axis (Fig. 3). The intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonding contacs in (II) have shorter H···O distances and larger angles around the H atoms, and one of the methyl groups is a donor. The calculated H···O distances are 2.36, 2.44 and 2.53 Å, the corresponding angles are 170, 162 and 159 °. These contacts are much stronger than those observed in the title compound (I).

Related literature top

For the crystal structure of the related compound, 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione, see: Rudler et al. (2005). For hydrogen bonds, see: Desiraju & Steiner (2001); Jeffrey & Saenger (1994).

Experimental top

Pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid ( 0.336 g, 2 mmol) was added to stirring toluene solution (25 ml) containing triphenylantimonyoxide (0.738 g, 2 mmol). After refluxing for 8 h, the solution was filtered. The solvent was gradually removed by evaporation under vacuum until the white solid is obtained. The solid was recrystallized from petroleum ether/dichoromethane (1:1) to give colorless crystals.

Refinement top

The H atom bound to the (phenyl) ring was constraint to values of 0.93Å, the CH and CH2 groups were 0.98Å and 0.97Å with Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq. The phenyl H atom, H8, and one of the CH2 H atoms, H3B, were refined using distance restraints (DFIX 1.02 (0.02) Å, see Table 1) for comparison with similar C—H···O hydrogen bonds (C—H = 1.00 - 1.03 Å) in the related structure (II) (but in centrosymmetric space group P21/n).

In the absence of significant anomalous dispersion effects, Friedel pairs were averaged, with the result of a poor data/parameter ratio of 7.67.

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell refinement: SAINT (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT (Siemens, 1996); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and PLATON (Spek, 2003); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek (2003).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, showing displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 30% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. A projection of the title compound (I) viewed down the a axis. Weak C—H···O contacts are indicated as dashed lines.
[Figure 3] Fig. 3. A section of the structure of (II) viewed down the a axis (II = 3,3-dimethyl-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione). The C—H···O bonds extending along the b axis are shown as dashed lines.
3-Phenyltetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione top
Crystal data top
C10H8O3Dx = 1.370 Mg m−3
Mr = 176.16Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, P212121Cell parameters from 826 reflections
a = 5.6172 (9) Åθ = 2.7–29.9°
b = 10.1460 (12) ŵ = 0.10 mm−1
c = 14.9899 (19) ÅT = 298 K
V = 854.3 (2) Å3Block, colorless
Z = 40.43 × 0.18 × 0.15 mm
F(000) = 368
Data collection top
Siemens SMART
diffractometer		905 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube583 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.048
ϕ and ω scansθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 2.4°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)		h = −6→6
Tmin = 0.958, Tmax = 0.985k = −12→9
4082 measured reflectionsl = −15→17
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.035Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.069H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.14 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0218P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
905 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
124 parametersΔρmax = 0.11 e Å−3
4 restraintsΔρmin = −0.12 e Å−3
Crystal data top
C10H8O3V = 854.3 (2) Å3
Mr = 176.16Z = 4
Orthorhombic, P212121Mo Kα radiation
a = 5.6172 (9) ŵ = 0.10 mm−1
b = 10.1460 (12) ÅT = 298 K
c = 14.9899 (19) Å0.43 × 0.18 × 0.15 mm
Data collection top
Siemens SMART
diffractometer		905 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)		583 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.958, Tmax = 0.985Rint = 0.048
4082 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0354 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.069H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.14Δρmax = 0.11 e Å−3
905 reflectionsΔρmin = −0.12 e Å−3
124 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.4229 (4)0.1359 (2)0.81130 (15)0.0641 (6)
O20.2752 (5)0.0346 (2)0.69260 (15)0.0814 (8)
O30.4849 (4)0.2600 (3)0.93134 (16)0.0959 (10)
C10.2504 (7)0.1168 (3)0.7480 (2)0.0538 (8)
C20.0469 (6)0.2115 (3)0.76195 (17)0.0539 (8)
H2−0.09750.16070.77470.065*
C30.1200 (7)0.2861 (3)0.84658 (19)0.0657 (10)
H3A0.13040.38000.83490.079*
H3B0.001 (4)0.267 (3)0.8964 (14)0.079*
C40.3563 (7)0.2335 (3)0.8716 (2)0.0608 (9)
C50.0043 (5)0.2936 (3)0.67943 (17)0.0450 (7)
C60.1636 (5)0.3888 (3)0.65339 (19)0.0525 (8)
H60.30010.40320.68710.063*
C70.1241 (7)0.4634 (3)0.5779 (2)0.0623 (9)
H70.23420.52710.56110.075*
C8−0.0773 (7)0.4438 (3)0.5275 (2)0.0614 (9)
H8−0.115 (5)0.505 (2)0.4773 (14)0.074*
C9−0.2372 (6)0.3485 (3)0.55219 (19)0.0626 (10)
H9−0.37330.33430.51820.075*
C10−0.1959 (5)0.2734 (3)0.62758 (19)0.0550 (8)
H10−0.30430.20830.64360.066*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0586 (15)0.0705 (14)0.0630 (14)0.0132 (13)0.0002 (13)0.0001 (13)
O20.115 (2)0.0673 (15)0.0614 (14)0.0060 (15)0.0136 (17)−0.0120 (12)
O30.099 (2)0.104 (2)0.0843 (17)−0.0020 (17)−0.0379 (17)−0.0119 (15)
C10.068 (2)0.052 (2)0.0422 (18)0.001 (2)0.009 (2)0.0096 (17)
C20.048 (2)0.0672 (18)0.0463 (19)0.0028 (19)0.0053 (16)0.0059 (17)
C30.081 (3)0.079 (2)0.0376 (18)0.022 (2)0.0030 (18)0.0019 (17)
C40.073 (3)0.059 (2)0.050 (2)0.001 (2)−0.007 (2)0.0065 (19)
C50.0393 (19)0.0519 (18)0.0438 (17)0.0014 (17)0.0004 (16)0.0007 (15)
C60.045 (2)0.063 (2)0.0499 (19)−0.0080 (18)−0.0062 (16)−0.0024 (16)
C70.072 (3)0.055 (2)0.060 (2)−0.0102 (19)0.003 (2)0.0008 (18)
C80.078 (3)0.057 (2)0.049 (2)0.010 (2)−0.006 (2)−0.0008 (16)
C90.054 (2)0.081 (3)0.053 (2)0.004 (2)−0.014 (2)−0.0067 (17)
C100.043 (2)0.068 (2)0.0545 (19)−0.0044 (19)0.0001 (17)−0.0010 (17)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O1—C11.371 (3)C5—C61.374 (3)
O1—C41.392 (3)C5—C101.382 (4)
O2—C11.185 (3)C6—C71.378 (4)
O3—C41.182 (3)C6—H60.9300
C1—C21.508 (4)C7—C81.375 (4)
C2—C51.510 (3)C7—H70.9300
C2—C31.533 (4)C8—C91.371 (4)
C2—H20.9800C8—H81.00 (2)
C3—C41.479 (4)C9—C101.383 (4)
C3—H3A0.9700C9—H90.9300
C3—H3B1.02 (2)C10—H100.9300
C1—O1—C4111.1 (2)C6—C5—C10118.3 (3)
O2—C1—O1120.1 (3)C6—C5—C2121.2 (3)
O2—C1—C2129.4 (3)C10—C5—C2120.5 (3)
O1—C1—C2110.5 (2)C7—C6—C5120.9 (3)
C1—C2—C5110.9 (2)C7—C6—H6119.5
C1—C2—C3103.1 (3)C5—C6—H6119.5
C5—C2—C3116.6 (3)C8—C7—C6120.3 (3)
C1—C2—H2108.6C8—C7—H7119.9
C5—C2—H2108.6C6—C7—H7119.9
C3—C2—H2108.6C9—C8—C7119.5 (3)
C4—C3—C2105.8 (3)C9—C8—H8120.4 (16)
C4—C3—H3A110.3C7—C8—H8119.7 (15)
C2—C3—H3A110.6C8—C9—C10120.0 (3)
C4—C3—H3B109.4 (14)C8—C9—H9120.0
C2—C3—H3B109.6 (14)C10—C9—H9120.0
H3A—C3—H3B111.1C5—C10—C9120.9 (3)
O3—C4—O1119.3 (3)C5—C10—H10119.5
O3—C4—C3131.2 (4)C9—C10—H10119.5
O1—C4—C3109.5 (3)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C3—H3B···O3i1.02 (2)2.60 (2)3.446 (4)140 (2)
C8—H8···O2ii1.00 (2)2.65 (2)3.409 (4)133 (2)
C8—H8···O3iii1.00 (2)2.58 (2)3.373 (4)136 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1; (iii) −x+1/2, −y+1, z−1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC10H8O3
Mr176.16
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K)298
a, b, c (Å)5.6172 (9), 10.1460 (12), 14.9899 (19)
V (Å3)854.3 (2)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm−1)0.10
Crystal size (mm)0.43 × 0.18 × 0.15
Data collection
DiffractometerSiemens SMART
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.958, 0.985
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections		4082, 905, 583
Rint0.048
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1)0.595
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.035, 0.069, 1.14
No. of reflections905
No. of parameters124
No. of restraints4
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.11, −0.12

Computer programs: SMART (Siemens, 1996), SAINT (Siemens, 1996), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997) and PLATON (Spek, 2003), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008) and PLATON (Spek (2003).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C3—H3B···O3i1.02 (2)2.60 (2)3.446 (4)140 (2)
C8—H8···O2ii1.00 (2)2.65 (2)3.409 (4)133 (2)
C8—H8···O3iii1.00 (2)2.58 (2)3.373 (4)136 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+2; (ii) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z+1; (iii) −x+1/2, −y+1, z−1/2.
 

Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 20771053).

References

First citationDesiraju, G. R. & Steiner, T. (2001). The Weak Hydrogen Bond In Structural Chemistry and Biology. IUCr Monographs on Crystallography, No. 9, pp. 97–121. Oxford University Press.  Google Scholar
 First citationFarrugia, L. J. (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30, 565.  CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
 First citationFlack, H. D. (1983). Acta Cryst. A39, 876–881.  CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
 First citationJeffrey, G. A. & Saenger, W. (1994). Hydrogen Bonding in Biological Structures, p. 157, Study Edition. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.  Google Scholar
 First citationRudler, H., Parlier, A., Alvarez, C. & Vaissermann, J. (2005). J. Organomet. Chem. 690, 4087–4089.   Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
 First citationSheldrick, G. M. (1996). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
 First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Ctyst. A64, 112-122.  CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
 First citationSiemens (1996). SMART and SAINT. Siemens Analytical X-ray Instruments Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
 First citationSpek, A. L. (2003). J. Appl. Cryst. 36, 7–13.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar

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Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890
Volume 65| Part 1| January 2009| Page o167
doi:10.1107/S1600536808042670
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