inorganic compounds
KNb1.75V0.25PS10
aDivision of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
*Correspondence e-mail: hsyun@ajou.ac.kr
The title compound, potassium diniobium vanadium phosphorus decasulfide, KNb1.75V0.25PS10, was obtained by reaction of the elements with a eutectic mixture of KCl/LiCl. It is isostructural with the quaternary KNb2PS10, but the Nb sites are occupied by statistically disordered Nb (87.5%) and V (12.5%) atoms. The structure is composed of anionic ∞1[M2PS10]− chains (M = Nb/V) separated from each other by K+ ions. The chain is composed of [MS8] distorted bicapped trigonal prisms and [PS4] tetrahedra. There are no interchain bonding interactions. The crystal used for the X-ray analysis was a racemic twin.
Related literature
For related ternary compounds, see: Brec et al. (1983a,b). For related quaternary compounds, see: Goh et al. (2002); Do & Yun (1996); Kim & Yun (2002); Kwak et al. (2007); Bang et al. (2008); Do & Yun (2009). For related pentanary compounds, see: Kwak & Yun (2008); Dong et al. (2005a,b); Park & Yun (2010). For typical Nb4+—Nb4+ bond lengths, see: Angenault et al. (2000)
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006); cell RAPID-AUTO; data reduction: RAPID-AUTO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: locally modified version of ORTEP (Johnson, 1965); software used to prepare material for publication: STRUCTURE TIDY (Gelato & Parthé, 1987) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811004430/fj2392sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811004430/fj2392Isup2.hkl
The compound KNb2 - xVxPS10 was prepared by the reaction of the elemental Nb, V, P, and S with the use of the reactive alkali metal halides. A combination of the pure elements, Nb powder (CERAC 99.9%), V powder (CERAC 99.5%), P powder(CERAC99.95%), and S powder (Aldrich 99.999%) were mixed in a fused silica tube in a molar ratio of Nb: V: P: S = 1:1:1:5 with the eutectic mixture of KCl/LiCl. The mass ratio of the reactants and the halides
was 2:1. The tube was evacuated to 0.133 Pa, sealed and heated gradually (50 K/h) to 650 K, where it was kept for 72 h. The tube was cooled to 423 K at 3 K/h and then was quenched to room temperature. The excess halides were removed with distilled water and black needle shaped crystals were obtained. The crystals are stable in air and water. A microprobe analysis of the crystals was made with an EDAX equipped scanning electron microscope (Jeol JSM-6700 F). Analysis of these crystals showed only the presence of K, Nb, V, P, and S. A quantitative analysis performed with standards gave the ratio of Nb: V = 87: 13, which corresponds to KNb1.74V0.26PS10.The
of the model with occupational disorder on the M site caused significant decrease of the R-factor (wR2 = 0.042) in comparison if the full occupation by either metal had been considered (wR2 > 0.05). Also the displacement parameters in the disordered model became plausible. The disordered atoms were supposed to have the same displacement parameters. The nonstoichiometry of the K site was checked by refining the occupancy of K while those of the other atoms were fixed. With the nonstoichiometric model, the parameter remained the same. The large anisotropic displacement parameters for alkali metals are also found in the related compounds such as KNb2PS10 (Do & Yun, 1996). The highest residual electron density is 0.86 Å from the M2 site and the deepest hole is 0.85 Å from the M1 site.Data collection: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006); cell
RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006); data reduction: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: locally modified version of ORTEP (Johnson, 1965); software used to prepare material for publication: STRUCTURE TIDY (Gelato & Parthé, 1987) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).KNb1.75V0.25PS10 | F(000) = 1086 |
Mr = 2264.39 | Dx = 2.892 Mg m−3 |
Orthorhombic, Pca21 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2c -2ac | Cell parameters from 11171 reflections |
a = 12.9696 (3) Å | θ = 3.1–27.5° |
b = 7.5229 (2) Å | µ = 3.73 mm−1 |
c = 13.3248 (4) Å | T = 290 K |
V = 1300.09 (6) Å3 | Needle, black |
Z = 1 | 0.36 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm |
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 2859 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
ω scans | Rint = 0.028 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.1° |
Tmin = 0.649, Tmax = 1.000 | h = −16→16 |
11855 measured reflections | k = −9→9 |
2970 independent reflections | l = −17→17 |
Refinement on F2 | 1 restraint |
Least-squares matrix: full | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0125P)2 + 1.1461P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.019 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
wR(F2) = 0.042 | Δρmax = 0.49 e Å−3 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
2970 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1417 Friedel pairs |
130 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.47 (4) |
KNb1.75V0.25PS10 | V = 1300.09 (6) Å3 |
Mr = 2264.39 | Z = 1 |
Orthorhombic, Pca21 | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 12.9696 (3) Å | µ = 3.73 mm−1 |
b = 7.5229 (2) Å | T = 290 K |
c = 13.3248 (4) Å | 0.36 × 0.06 × 0.06 mm |
Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 2970 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) | 2859 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.649, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.028 |
11855 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.019 | 1 restraint |
wR(F2) = 0.042 | Δρmax = 0.49 e Å−3 |
S = 1.07 | Δρmin = −0.28 e Å−3 |
2970 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), 1417 Friedel pairs |
130 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.47 (4) |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
K1 | 0.38307 (10) | 0.50472 (16) | 0.30096 (10) | 0.0642 (3) | |
Nb1 | 0.023833 (17) | 0.05293 (3) | 0.03457 (3) | 0.01512 (9) | 0.861 (4) |
V1 | 0.023833 (17) | 0.05293 (3) | 0.03457 (3) | 0.01512 (9) | 0.139 (4) |
Nb2 | 0.313453 (17) | 0.07166 (3) | 0.03513 (3) | 0.01521 (10) | 0.889 (4) |
V2 | 0.313453 (17) | 0.07166 (3) | 0.03513 (3) | 0.01521 (10) | 0.111 (4) |
P1 | 0.15973 (6) | 0.40030 (12) | 0.11232 (7) | 0.02169 (18) | |
S1 | 0.03047 (5) | 0.39473 (11) | 0.02326 (8) | 0.0258 (2) | |
S2 | 0.05595 (7) | 0.15141 (14) | 0.40819 (7) | 0.0255 (2) | |
S3 | 0.15066 (9) | 0.58306 (14) | 0.21803 (9) | 0.0408 (3) | |
S4 | 0.16690 (6) | 0.13978 (11) | 0.16577 (6) | 0.01913 (18) | |
S5 | 0.29187 (5) | 0.41184 (10) | 0.02883 (11) | 0.03005 (19) | |
S6 | 0.33126 (6) | 0.05595 (12) | 0.40601 (7) | 0.02107 (19) | |
S7 | 0.44830 (7) | 0.13335 (13) | 0.16897 (6) | 0.02327 (19) | |
S8 | 0.60124 (7) | 0.10543 (14) | 0.39868 (7) | 0.0257 (2) | |
S9 | 0.60983 (7) | 0.11862 (12) | 0.66562 (6) | 0.02271 (19) | |
S10 | 0.67360 (6) | 0.15938 (11) | 0.00015 (6) | 0.02081 (17) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
K1 | 0.0831 (8) | 0.0470 (6) | 0.0625 (8) | 0.0035 (6) | −0.0317 (7) | 0.0031 (5) |
Nb1 | 0.01049 (12) | 0.01887 (15) | 0.01601 (14) | −0.00123 (9) | −0.00013 (16) | 0.00103 (15) |
V1 | 0.01049 (12) | 0.01887 (15) | 0.01601 (14) | −0.00123 (9) | −0.00013 (16) | 0.00103 (15) |
Nb2 | 0.01068 (13) | 0.01820 (15) | 0.01675 (14) | 0.00116 (9) | 0.00020 (16) | −0.00022 (15) |
V2 | 0.01068 (13) | 0.01820 (15) | 0.01675 (14) | 0.00116 (9) | 0.00020 (16) | −0.00022 (15) |
P1 | 0.0173 (4) | 0.0182 (4) | 0.0296 (5) | 0.0017 (3) | −0.0002 (3) | −0.0028 (4) |
S1 | 0.0170 (3) | 0.0225 (4) | 0.0380 (5) | 0.0025 (3) | −0.0034 (4) | 0.0057 (4) |
S2 | 0.0177 (4) | 0.0362 (5) | 0.0225 (4) | −0.0038 (4) | −0.0021 (4) | 0.0077 (4) |
S3 | 0.0463 (6) | 0.0299 (5) | 0.0462 (6) | 0.0077 (5) | −0.0039 (5) | −0.0184 (5) |
S4 | 0.0164 (4) | 0.0221 (4) | 0.0188 (4) | 0.0005 (3) | 0.0004 (3) | −0.0008 (4) |
S5 | 0.0178 (3) | 0.0214 (4) | 0.0510 (5) | −0.0009 (3) | 0.0070 (5) | 0.0067 (5) |
S6 | 0.0153 (4) | 0.0292 (5) | 0.0187 (4) | −0.0010 (3) | 0.0004 (3) | 0.0031 (3) |
S7 | 0.0203 (4) | 0.0279 (5) | 0.0216 (4) | 0.0006 (4) | −0.0003 (4) | −0.0050 (4) |
S8 | 0.0178 (4) | 0.0374 (5) | 0.0219 (4) | 0.0055 (4) | 0.0024 (3) | 0.0087 (4) |
S9 | 0.0200 (4) | 0.0274 (5) | 0.0208 (4) | 0.0013 (4) | −0.0012 (3) | −0.0034 (4) |
S10 | 0.0187 (4) | 0.0185 (4) | 0.0252 (4) | 0.0001 (3) | −0.0012 (3) | 0.0014 (3) |
Nb1—S8i | 2.4631 (10) | Nb2—S6i | 2.5490 (9) |
Nb1—S7ii | 2.4760 (9) | Nb2—S10ii | 2.5551 (8) |
Nb1—S2iii | 2.5039 (10) | Nb2—S5 | 2.5758 (8) |
Nb1—S9i | 2.5098 (9) | Nb2—S4 | 2.6279 (8) |
Nb1—S6i | 2.5431 (9) | Nb2—V1v | 2.8851 (3) |
Nb1—S10ii | 2.5562 (8) | Nb2—Nb1v | 2.8851 (3) |
Nb1—S1 | 2.5772 (9) | P1—S3 | 1.9718 (13) |
Nb1—S4 | 2.6319 (8) | P1—S5 | 2.0451 (13) |
Nb1—Nb2ii | 2.8851 (3) | P1—S1 | 2.0544 (13) |
Nb1—V2ii | 2.8851 (3) | P1—S4 | 2.0874 (13) |
Nb2—S9iv | 2.4622 (9) | S2—S8ii | 2.0235 (15) |
Nb2—S2i | 2.4678 (9) | S6—S10vi | 2.0498 (12) |
Nb2—S8iv | 2.5110 (10) | S7—S9iv | 2.0405 (14) |
Nb2—S7 | 2.5406 (9) | ||
S8i—Nb1—S7ii | 111.22 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—S7 | 48.11 (3) |
S8i—Nb1—S2iii | 48.07 (4) | S2i—Nb2—S7 | 87.95 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S2iii | 88.59 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—S7 | 107.57 (3) |
S8i—Nb1—S9i | 91.43 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—S6i | 138.35 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S9i | 48.31 (3) | S2i—Nb2—S6i | 93.10 (3) |
S2iii—Nb1—S9i | 107.66 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—S6i | 79.11 (3) |
S8i—Nb1—S6i | 89.43 (3) | S7—Nb2—S6i | 171.57 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S6i | 141.69 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—S10ii | 91.16 (3) |
S2iii—Nb1—S6i | 81.83 (3) | S2i—Nb2—S10ii | 121.84 (3) |
S9i—Nb1—S6i | 167.80 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—S10ii | 79.62 (3) |
S8i—Nb1—S10ii | 117.95 (3) | S7—Nb2—S10ii | 137.82 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S10ii | 94.40 (3) | S6i—Nb2—S10ii | 47.36 (3) |
S2iii—Nb1—S10ii | 79.03 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—S5 | 130.13 (4) |
S9i—Nb1—S10ii | 140.60 (3) | S2i—Nb2—S5 | 79.09 (3) |
S6i—Nb1—S10ii | 47.40 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—S5 | 123.47 (4) |
S8i—Nb1—S1 | 79.57 (3) | S7—Nb2—S5 | 85.19 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S1 | 128.33 (3) | S6i—Nb2—S5 | 86.79 (3) |
S2iii—Nb1—S1 | 125.94 (3) | S10ii—Nb2—S5 | 126.35 (3) |
S9i—Nb1—S1 | 82.37 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—S4 | 86.44 (3) |
S6i—Nb1—S1 | 85.81 (3) | S2i—Nb2—S4 | 154.57 (3) |
S10ii—Nb1—S1 | 125.98 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—S4 | 154.40 (3) |
S8i—Nb1—S4 | 155.91 (3) | S7—Nb2—S4 | 89.85 (3) |
S7ii—Nb1—S4 | 86.50 (3) | S6i—Nb2—S4 | 85.62 (3) |
S2iii—Nb1—S4 | 152.94 (3) | S10ii—Nb2—S4 | 74.93 (3) |
S9i—Nb1—S4 | 88.62 (3) | S5—Nb2—S4 | 75.48 (3) |
S6i—Nb1—S4 | 85.65 (3) | S9iv—Nb2—V1v | 55.30 (2) |
S10ii—Nb1—S4 | 74.84 (3) | S2i—Nb2—V1v | 55.11 (2) |
S1—Nb1—S4 | 76.56 (3) | S8iv—Nb2—V1v | 53.78 (2) |
S8i—Nb1—Nb2ii | 55.33 (2) | S7—Nb2—V1v | 53.85 (2) |
S7ii—Nb1—Nb2ii | 55.95 (2) | S6i—Nb2—V1v | 132.81 (2) |
S2iii—Nb1—Nb2ii | 53.95 (2) | S10ii—Nb2—V1v | 116.74 (2) |
S9i—Nb1—Nb2ii | 53.76 (2) | S5—Nb2—V1v | 115.182 (19) |
S6i—Nb1—Nb2ii | 134.72 (2) | S4—Nb2—V1v | 138.52 (2) |
S10ii—Nb1—Nb2ii | 121.07 (2) | S9iv—Nb2—Nb1v | 55.30 (2) |
S1—Nb1—Nb2ii | 110.848 (18) | S2i—Nb2—Nb1v | 55.11 (2) |
S4—Nb1—Nb2ii | 138.22 (2) | S8iv—Nb2—Nb1v | 53.78 (2) |
S8i—Nb1—V2ii | 55.33 (2) | S7—Nb2—Nb1v | 53.85 (2) |
S7ii—Nb1—V2ii | 55.95 (2) | S6i—Nb2—Nb1v | 132.81 (2) |
S2iii—Nb1—V2ii | 53.95 (2) | S10ii—Nb2—Nb1v | 116.74 (2) |
S9i—Nb1—V2ii | 53.76 (2) | S5—Nb2—Nb1v | 115.182 (19) |
S6i—Nb1—V2ii | 134.72 (2) | S4—Nb2—Nb1v | 138.52 (2) |
S10ii—Nb1—V2ii | 121.07 (2) | V1v—Nb2—Nb1v | 0.000 (17) |
S1—Nb1—V2ii | 110.848 (18) | S3—P1—S5 | 114.14 (6) |
S4—Nb1—V2ii | 138.22 (2) | S3—P1—S1 | 112.22 (6) |
Nb2ii—Nb1—V2ii | 0.000 (18) | S5—P1—S1 | 111.74 (7) |
S9iv—Nb2—S2i | 110.37 (3) | S3—P1—S4 | 114.43 (6) |
S9iv—Nb2—S8iv | 91.42 (3) | S5—P1—S4 | 100.84 (5) |
S2i—Nb2—S8iv | 47.95 (4) | S1—P1—S4 | 102.37 (5) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1/2, y, z−1/2; (ii) x−1/2, −y, z; (iii) −x, −y, z−1/2; (iv) −x+1, −y, z−1/2; (v) x+1/2, −y, z; (vi) −x+1, −y, z+1/2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | KNb1.75V0.25PS10 |
Mr | 2264.39 |
Crystal system, space group | Orthorhombic, Pca21 |
Temperature (K) | 290 |
a, b, c (Å) | 12.9696 (3), 7.5229 (2), 13.3248 (4) |
V (Å3) | 1300.09 (6) |
Z | 1 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.73 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.36 × 0.06 × 0.06 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (ABSCOR; Higashi, 1995) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.649, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 11855, 2970, 2859 |
Rint | 0.028 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.019, 0.042, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 2970 |
No. of parameters | 130 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.49, −0.28 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), 1417 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.47 (4) |
Computer programs: RAPID-AUTO (Rigaku, 2006), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), locally modified version of ORTEP (Johnson, 1965), STRUCTURE TIDY (Gelato & Parthé, 1987) and WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Priority Research Centers Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2010–0029617). Use was made of the X-ray facilities supported by Ajou University.
References
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Ternary group 5 metal thiophosphates have been reported to have mostly low-dimensional structures. Especially the Nb2PS10 phase has a two-dimensional layered structure (Brec et al., 1983a) and V2PS10 adopts a one-dimensional chain structure (Brec et al., 1983b). Due to empty spaces and the orbitals which can accommodate electrons, they have been of potential importance as cathode materials for secondary batteries and a number of quaternary alkali metal Nb thiophosphates, ANb2PS10 (A=monovalent metals) have been investigated. Among them are NaNb2PS10 (Goh et al., 2002), KNb2PS10 (Do & Yun, 1996), RbNb2PS10 (Kim & Yun, 2002), CsNb2PS10 (Kwak et al., 2007), TlNb2PS10 (Bang et al., 2008), Ag0.88Nb2PS10 (Do & Yun, 2009), K0.34Cu0.5Nb2PS10 (Kwak & Yun, 2008), K0.5Ag0.5Nb2PS10 (Dong et al., 2005a), Rb0.38Ag0.5Nb2PS10 (Dong et al., 2005b), and Cs0.5Ag0.5Nb2PS10 (Park & Yun, 2010). It is interesting that no V analogue of these phases has been discovered yet. As a result of efforts to find new phases in this family, we report the synthesis and characterization of a new mixed-metal quintenary thiophosphate, KNb2 - xVxPS10 (x=0.25).
The structure of KNb2 - xVxPS10 is isostructural with the quaternary KNb2PS10 and detailed description of the structure is given previously (Do & Yun, 1996). The title compound is made up of the bicapped trigonal biprismatic [M2S12] unit (M=Nb/V) and the tetrahedral [PS4] group. The M sites are occupied by the statistically disordered Nb(~87.5%) and V(~12.5%) atoms. The bicapped biprismatic [M2S12] units and its neighboring tetrahedral [PS4] groups are given in Figure 1. These [M2S12] units are linked together to form the one-dimensional chains by sharing the S22- prism edge. The one-dimensional chain composed of M, P, and S extends along [100] and can be described as ∞1[M2PS10-1].
The M atoms associate in pairs with M—M interactions alternating in the sequence of one short (2.8851 (3) Å) and one long (3.7590 (3) Å) distances. The short distance is typical of Nb4+—Nb4+ bonding interactions (Angenault et al., 2000). There are no interchain bonding interactions except the van der Waals forces and the K+ ions in this van der Waals gap stabilize the structure through the electrostatic interactions (Figure 2). Finally, the classical charge balance of this phase can be represented by [K+][M4+]2[PS43-][S22-]3 and this is consistent with the highly resistive and diamagnetic nature of the compound.