organic compounds
2-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-6-amine dihydrate
aAnkara University, Department of Chemistry, 06100 Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey, bAnadolu University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 26470 Yenibağlar, Eskişehir, Turkey, and cHacettepe University, Department of Physics, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
*Correspondence e-mail: merzifon@hacettepe.edu.tr
The title benzimidazole molecule, C8H8N4O2·2H2O, is planar with a maximum deviation of 0.079 (2) Å (for one of the O atoms in the nitro group). It crystallized as a dihydrate and intermolecular O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the uncoordinated water molecules, and the nitro and amine groups, respectively. In the crystal, N—H⋯O, O—H⋯N, O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form a three-dimensional network. A π–π contact between the benzene rings, [centroid–centroid distance = 3.588 (1) Å] may further stabilize the crystal structure.
Related literature
For the antitumor, antihelmintic, antibacterial, virucidal and fungucidal properties of benzimidazole derivatives, see: Refaat (2010); Laryea et al. (2010); Horton et al. (2003); Spasov et al. (1999); Soula & Luu-Duc (1986). For the coordination and corrosion inhibitor abilities of benzimidazoles, see: Kuznetsov & Kazansky (2008); Subramanyam & Mayanna (1985). For the use of benzimidazole derivatives as photographic materials and dyes, see: Hoffmann et al. (2011); Alamgir et al. (2007). For related structures, see: Hökelek et al. (2002); Dinçer et al. (2011).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
Supporting information
10.1107/S1600536811034647/su2305sup1.cif
contains datablocks I, global. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811034647/su2305Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811034647/su2305Isup3.cml
For the preparation of the title compound, a solution of Na2S.9H2O (35.0 g) and S (9.0 g) in warm water (150 ml) was added slowly to a solution of 2-methyl-5,6-dinitro-1H-benzimidazole (30.0 g) in water (150 ml,) and the mixture was warmed at 333-343 K for 20 min. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was filtered, acidified with dilute HCl and heated until termination of H2S and SO2 formation. After cooling, the reaction mixture was treated with dilute ammonium hydroxide. The precipitate was filtered and crystallized from ethanol to give red rod-shaped crystals of the the title compound (m.p. 563-565 K).
Atoms H4 (of the NH group), H21 and H22 (of the NH2 group), H31, H32, H41 and H42 (of the water molecules) were located in a difference Fourier map and were freely refined. The C-bound H-atoms were positioned geometrically with C—H = 0.93 and 0.96 Å, for aromatic and methyl H-atoms, respectively, and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with Uiso(H) = k × Ueq(C), where k = 1.5 for methyl H-atoms and k = 1.2 for all other H-atoms.
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, with the crystallographic labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level. The O-H···O and N-H···O hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (see Table 1 for details). | |
Fig. 2. A view of the crystal packing of the title compound. Hydrogen bonds are shown as dashed lines (see Table 1 for details). |
C8H8N4O2·2H2O | Z = 2 |
Mr = 228.22 | F(000) = 240 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.506 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 7.0475 (3) Å | Cell parameters from 2308 reflections |
b = 7.2801 (3) Å | θ = 3.0–28.1° |
c = 10.9906 (4) Å | µ = 0.12 mm−1 |
α = 76.754 (3)° | T = 100 K |
β = 71.686 (2)° | Rod-shaped, red |
γ = 71.809 (2)° | 0.43 × 0.19 × 0.10 mm |
V = 503.18 (4) Å3 |
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2533 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 1800 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.036 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 28.7°, θmin = 2.0° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2001) | h = −9→8 |
Tmin = 0.973, Tmax = 0.988 | k = −9→9 |
8838 measured reflections | l = −14→14 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.03 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0524P)2 + 0.1317P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2533 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
174 parameters | Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3 |
4 restraints | Δρmin = −0.31 e Å−3 |
C8H8N4O2·2H2O | γ = 71.809 (2)° |
Mr = 228.22 | V = 503.18 (4) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 7.0475 (3) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 7.2801 (3) Å | µ = 0.12 mm−1 |
c = 10.9906 (4) Å | T = 100 K |
α = 76.754 (3)° | 0.43 × 0.19 × 0.10 mm |
β = 71.686 (2)° |
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2533 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2001) | 1800 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.973, Tmax = 0.988 | Rint = 0.036 |
8838 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | 4 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.113 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 1.03 | Δρmax = 0.32 e Å−3 |
2533 reflections | Δρmin = −0.31 e Å−3 |
174 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > 2sigma(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
O1 | 0.42086 (18) | 0.73704 (16) | 0.82496 (11) | 0.0228 (3) | |
O2 | 0.52698 (19) | 0.97324 (17) | 0.68889 (11) | 0.0249 (3) | |
O3 | 0.0077 (2) | 0.36444 (17) | 0.67272 (12) | 0.0217 (3) | |
H31 | 0.006 (3) | 0.245 (2) | 0.697 (2) | 0.036 (6)* | |
H32 | −0.104 (4) | 0.434 (5) | 0.646 (3) | 0.099 (11)* | |
O4 | 0.3036 (2) | 0.39114 (18) | 0.43791 (12) | 0.0254 (3) | |
H41 | 0.218 (5) | 0.370 (6) | 0.517 (2) | 0.148 (17)* | |
H42 | 0.339 (4) | 0.292 (3) | 0.400 (2) | 0.051 (7)* | |
N1 | 0.4333 (2) | 0.90831 (19) | 0.79926 (13) | 0.0182 (3) | |
N2 | 0.4577 (2) | 1.3147 (2) | 0.76156 (15) | 0.0218 (3) | |
H21 | 0.466 (3) | 1.434 (3) | 0.7566 (18) | 0.027 (5)* | |
H22 | 0.521 (3) | 1.251 (3) | 0.698 (2) | 0.031 (6)* | |
N3 | 0.0180 (2) | 1.01263 (18) | 1.24009 (12) | 0.0167 (3) | |
N4 | 0.0340 (2) | 1.32261 (19) | 1.20831 (13) | 0.0164 (3) | |
H4 | 0.013 (3) | 1.445 (3) | 1.231 (2) | 0.040 (6)* | |
C1 | 0.3378 (2) | 1.0322 (2) | 0.89745 (15) | 0.0158 (3) | |
C2 | 0.2319 (2) | 0.9471 (2) | 1.01679 (15) | 0.0156 (3) | |
H2 | 0.2269 | 0.8178 | 1.0293 | 0.019* | |
C3 | 0.1361 (2) | 1.0585 (2) | 1.11424 (15) | 0.0148 (3) | |
C4 | 0.1479 (2) | 1.2541 (2) | 1.09322 (15) | 0.0149 (3) | |
C5 | 0.2526 (2) | 1.3396 (2) | 0.97763 (15) | 0.0162 (3) | |
H5 | 0.2572 | 1.4686 | 0.9674 | 0.019* | |
C6 | 0.3532 (2) | 1.2294 (2) | 0.87459 (15) | 0.0163 (3) | |
C7 | −0.0386 (2) | 1.1733 (2) | 1.29146 (15) | 0.0157 (3) | |
C8 | −0.1690 (3) | 1.1990 (2) | 1.42471 (15) | 0.0206 (4) | |
H8A | −0.2829 | 1.3129 | 1.4215 | 0.031* | |
H8B | −0.0876 | 1.2148 | 1.4752 | 0.031* | |
H8C | −0.2210 | 1.0861 | 1.4637 | 0.031* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1 | 0.0276 (7) | 0.0150 (6) | 0.0264 (6) | −0.0065 (5) | −0.0035 (5) | −0.0080 (5) |
O2 | 0.0287 (7) | 0.0235 (6) | 0.0194 (6) | −0.0106 (5) | 0.0037 (5) | −0.0061 (5) |
O3 | 0.0281 (7) | 0.0135 (6) | 0.0253 (6) | −0.0070 (5) | −0.0066 (5) | −0.0045 (5) |
O4 | 0.0267 (7) | 0.0215 (7) | 0.0261 (7) | −0.0046 (5) | −0.0012 (6) | −0.0099 (5) |
N1 | 0.0168 (7) | 0.0178 (7) | 0.0215 (7) | −0.0041 (5) | −0.0047 (6) | −0.0066 (5) |
N2 | 0.0257 (8) | 0.0174 (7) | 0.0207 (8) | −0.0083 (6) | −0.0001 (6) | −0.0043 (6) |
N3 | 0.0174 (7) | 0.0154 (7) | 0.0180 (7) | −0.0042 (5) | −0.0042 (6) | −0.0046 (5) |
N4 | 0.0191 (7) | 0.0129 (7) | 0.0175 (7) | −0.0041 (5) | −0.0038 (6) | −0.0043 (5) |
C1 | 0.0147 (8) | 0.0156 (8) | 0.0180 (8) | −0.0023 (6) | −0.0047 (6) | −0.0061 (6) |
C2 | 0.0151 (8) | 0.0131 (7) | 0.0210 (8) | −0.0038 (6) | −0.0064 (6) | −0.0045 (6) |
C3 | 0.0139 (8) | 0.0147 (7) | 0.0175 (8) | −0.0043 (6) | −0.0063 (6) | −0.0021 (6) |
C4 | 0.0140 (8) | 0.0142 (7) | 0.0186 (8) | −0.0027 (6) | −0.0066 (6) | −0.0043 (6) |
C5 | 0.0177 (8) | 0.0112 (7) | 0.0211 (8) | −0.0039 (6) | −0.0067 (7) | −0.0025 (6) |
C6 | 0.0140 (8) | 0.0175 (8) | 0.0185 (8) | −0.0038 (6) | −0.0062 (6) | −0.0022 (6) |
C7 | 0.0158 (8) | 0.0146 (7) | 0.0187 (8) | −0.0044 (6) | −0.0065 (6) | −0.0031 (6) |
C8 | 0.0239 (9) | 0.0182 (8) | 0.0191 (8) | −0.0051 (7) | −0.0034 (7) | −0.0053 (6) |
O1—N1 | 1.2383 (17) | C2—C1 | 1.401 (2) |
O2—N1 | 1.2487 (17) | C2—C3 | 1.364 (2) |
O3—H31 | 0.854 (16) | C2—H2 | 0.9300 |
O3—H32 | 0.890 (18) | C4—N4 | 1.376 (2) |
O4—H41 | 0.899 (19) | C4—C3 | 1.414 (2) |
O4—H42 | 0.845 (16) | C4—C5 | 1.372 (2) |
N1—C1 | 1.429 (2) | C5—C6 | 1.409 (2) |
N2—C6 | 1.352 (2) | C5—H5 | 0.9300 |
N2—H21 | 0.87 (2) | C6—C1 | 1.433 (2) |
N2—H22 | 0.85 (2) | C8—C7 | 1.482 (2) |
N3—C3 | 1.398 (2) | C8—H8A | 0.9600 |
N3—C7 | 1.310 (2) | C8—H8B | 0.9600 |
N4—C7 | 1.370 (2) | C8—H8C | 0.9600 |
N4—H4 | 0.94 (2) | ||
H31—O3—H32 | 111 (3) | C2—C3—C4 | 119.69 (14) |
H42—O4—H41 | 110 (3) | N4—C4—C3 | 104.44 (13) |
O1—N1—O2 | 120.75 (13) | C5—C4—N4 | 132.73 (14) |
O1—N1—C1 | 119.17 (13) | C5—C4—C3 | 122.82 (14) |
O2—N1—C1 | 120.08 (13) | C4—C5—C6 | 119.18 (14) |
C6—N2—H21 | 118.8 (13) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.4 |
C6—N2—H22 | 120.7 (14) | C6—C5—H5 | 120.4 |
H21—N2—H22 | 120.4 (19) | N2—C6—C1 | 124.24 (15) |
C7—N3—C3 | 104.78 (13) | N2—C6—C5 | 118.63 (14) |
C4—N4—H4 | 128.3 (13) | C5—C6—C1 | 117.13 (14) |
C7—N4—C4 | 107.67 (13) | N3—C7—N4 | 113.09 (14) |
C7—N4—H4 | 123.9 (13) | N3—C7—C8 | 125.40 (14) |
N1—C1—C6 | 121.60 (14) | N4—C7—C8 | 121.52 (14) |
C2—C1—N1 | 115.68 (14) | C7—C8—H8A | 109.5 |
C2—C1—C6 | 122.71 (14) | C7—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
C1—C2—H2 | 120.8 | C7—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C3—C2—C1 | 118.45 (14) | H8A—C8—H8B | 109.5 |
C3—C2—H2 | 120.8 | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
N3—C3—C4 | 110.02 (13) | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.5 |
C2—C3—N3 | 130.29 (14) | ||
O1—N1—C1—C2 | −1.3 (2) | C3—C4—N4—C7 | 0.29 (16) |
O1—N1—C1—C6 | 177.83 (14) | C5—C4—N4—C7 | 179.23 (16) |
O2—N1—C1—C2 | 178.33 (14) | N4—C4—C3—C2 | 179.06 (13) |
O2—N1—C1—C6 | −2.6 (2) | N4—C4—C3—N3 | −0.32 (17) |
C7—N3—C3—C2 | −179.07 (16) | C5—C4—C3—N3 | −179.40 (14) |
C7—N3—C3—C4 | 0.23 (17) | C5—C4—C3—C2 | 0.0 (2) |
C3—N3—C7—N4 | −0.05 (17) | N4—C4—C5—C6 | −178.66 (16) |
C3—N3—C7—C8 | 179.45 (15) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | 0.1 (2) |
C4—N4—C7—N3 | −0.16 (18) | C4—C5—C6—N2 | −179.35 (14) |
C4—N4—C7—C8 | −179.68 (14) | C4—C5—C6—C1 | 0.5 (2) |
C3—C2—C1—N1 | −179.56 (13) | N2—C6—C1—N1 | −0.4 (2) |
C3—C2—C1—C6 | 1.3 (2) | N2—C6—C1—C2 | 178.59 (15) |
C1—C2—C3—N3 | 178.54 (15) | C5—C6—C1—N1 | 179.73 (14) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.7 (2) | C5—C6—C1—C2 | −1.2 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O3i | 0.94 (2) | 1.87 (2) | 2.7735 (18) | 160.4 (19) |
N2—H21···O1ii | 0.88 (2) | 2.39 (2) | 3.2212 (18) | 158.8 (17) |
N2—H21···O4iii | 0.88 (2) | 2.59 (2) | 3.163 (2) | 124.1 (15) |
N2—H22···O2 | 0.85 (2) | 2.03 (2) | 2.6387 (19) | 127.3 (19) |
O3—H31···N3iv | 0.85 (2) | 1.89 (2) | 2.7354 (18) | 176 (2) |
O3—H32···O4v | 0.89 (3) | 1.90 (3) | 2.776 (2) | 168 (3) |
O4—H41···O3 | 0.90 (2) | 1.88 (3) | 2.7727 (19) | 170 (4) |
O4—H42···O1vi | 0.85 (2) | 2.53 (2) | 3.0930 (17) | 125 (2) |
O4—H42···O2vi | 0.85 (2) | 2.17 (2) | 3.0126 (17) | 171 (3) |
C5—H5···O1ii | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.3556 (19) | 146 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (iv) −x, −y+1, −z+2; (v) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (vi) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C8H8N4O2·2H2O |
Mr | 228.22 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 100 |
a, b, c (Å) | 7.0475 (3), 7.2801 (3), 10.9906 (4) |
α, β, γ (°) | 76.754 (3), 71.686 (2), 71.809 (2) |
V (Å3) | 503.18 (4) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.12 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.43 × 0.19 × 0.10 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2001) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.973, 0.988 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 8838, 2533, 1800 |
Rint | 0.036 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.676 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.043, 0.113, 1.03 |
No. of reflections | 2533 |
No. of parameters | 174 |
No. of restraints | 4 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.32, −0.31 |
Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007), SAINT (Bruker, 2007), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N4—H4···O3i | 0.94 (2) | 1.87 (2) | 2.7735 (18) | 160.4 (19) |
N2—H21···O1ii | 0.88 (2) | 2.39 (2) | 3.2212 (18) | 158.8 (17) |
N2—H21···O4iii | 0.88 (2) | 2.59 (2) | 3.163 (2) | 124.1 (15) |
N2—H22···O2 | 0.85 (2) | 2.03 (2) | 2.6387 (19) | 127.3 (19) |
O3—H31···N3iv | 0.852 (15) | 1.885 (16) | 2.7354 (18) | 175.5 (19) |
O3—H32···O4v | 0.89 (3) | 1.90 (3) | 2.776 (2) | 168 (3) |
O4—H41···O3 | 0.90 (2) | 1.88 (3) | 2.7727 (19) | 170 (4) |
O4—H42···O1vi | 0.85 (2) | 2.53 (2) | 3.0930 (17) | 124.7 (19) |
O4—H42···O2vi | 0.85 (2) | 2.17 (2) | 3.0126 (17) | 171 (3) |
C5—H5···O1ii | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.3556 (19) | 146 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) −x+1, −y+2, −z+1; (iv) −x, −y+1, −z+2; (v) −x, −y+1, −z+1; (vi) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors are indebted to Anadolu University and the Medicinal Plants and Medicine Research Centre of Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey, for use of the X-ray diffractometer.
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Benzimidazole derivatives are privileged structures in pharmaceutical chemistry because of their biological activities and clinical applications. They exhibit antitumor, anthelmintic, antibacterial, virucidal and fungucidal properties (Refaat, 2010; Laryea et al., 2010; Horton et al., 2003; Spasov et al., 1999; Soula & Luu-Duc, 1986). In addition to their biological activities, a review of the literature reveals that there are numerous studies including the coordination and corrosion inhibitor abilities of benzimidazoles (Kuznetsov & Kazansky, 2008; Subramanyam & Mayanna, 1985). Some of these derivatives, particularly nitro derivatives, are used as photographic materials in photography and on the other hand, the development of the chemistry of the benzimidazole dyes has been remarkable (Hoffmann et al., 2011; Alamgir et al., 2007). As a part of our ongoing investigations of benzimidazole derivatives, the title compound was synthesized and its crystal structure is reported herein.
The title molecule, (Fig. 1), consists of an imidazole ring with CH3, NO2 and NH2 substituents at positions 2, 5 and 6, respectively. It crystalllized with two uncoordinated water molecules. The intramolecular O—H···O and N—H···O hydrogen bonds (Table 1) link the uncoordinated water molecules and the NH2 and NO2 groups, respectively. The imidazole ring system is planar with a maximum deviation of -0.010 (2) Å (for atom C4). Atoms C8, O1, O2, N1 and N2 are 0.032 (2), 0.029 (2), -0.008 (2), -0.001 (1) and 0.079 (2) Å away from the imidazole ring mean plane, respectively.
In the crystal of the title compound N—H···O, O—H···N, O—H···O and C—H···O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form a three-dimensional network (Table 1 and Fig. 2). The π–π contact between the benzene rings, Cg1—Cg1i, [symmetry code: (i) 1 - x, - y, - z, where Cg1 is the centroid of ring (C1—C6)], may further stabilize the structure, with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.588 (1) Å.
The crystal structures of similar benzimidazole derivatives, (C7H4N4O4).H2O (Hökelek et al., 2002) and C8H7N4O4+. Cl- (Dinçer et al., 2011) have been reported.