organic compounds
N,N′-(Ethane-1,2-diyl)dibenzenecarbothioamide
aDepartment of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan, and bCenter for Analytical Instrumentation, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
*Correspondence e-mail: sasanuma@faculty.chiba-u.jp
The title compound, C16H16N2S2, adopts a gauche+–gauche+–gauche+ (g+g+g+) conformation in the NH—CH2—CH2—NH bond sequence. In the crystal, molecules are connected by pairs of N—H⋯S=C hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π interactions, forming a tape structure along the c-axis direction.
CCDC reference: 997112
Related literature
For crystal structures and conformations of related compounds with –(C=X)–C6H4–(C=X)–Y–(CH2)m–Y– (X = O or S and Y = O, S, or NH) bond sequences, see for example,: Palmer & Brisse (1980); Brisson & Brisse (1986); Abe et al. (2011); Abe & Sasanuma (2012, 2013). For the synthesis, see: Jacobson et al. (1987).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2013.
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 997112
10.1107/S1600536814008368/is5357sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536814008368/is5357Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536814008368/is5357Isup3.cml
Benzoyl chloride (4.6 ml, 40 mmol), dissolved in 1,2-dichloroethane (100 ml), was added dropwise to ethylenediamine (14 ml, 210 mmol) and 1,2-dichloroethane (300 ml) stirred by a magnetic stirrer in a three-necked flask equipped with a dropping funnel and a calcium-chloride drying tube, with the flask being bathed in ice water. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 h to yield white precipitate. The precipitate was collected by suction filtration, washed with water, and dried. The crude product was recrystallized from methanol and dried at 40 °C under reduced pressure to yield EDBA (yield 55%). In principle, this synthesis is based on the procedure of Jacobson et al. (1987).
Lawesson's reagent (1.8 g, 4.6 mmol) and EDBA (1.0 g, 3.7 mmol) were dissolved in toluene (20 ml) stirred in a three-necked flask equipped with a reflux condenser connected to a calcium-chloride drying tube. The solution was refluxed under dry nitrogen at ca 110 °C for 8 h to yield yellow precipitate. The precipitate was collected, washed with toluene, recrystallized from ethanol, and dried at 40 °C under reduced pressure to yield EDBTA (yield 79%).
A small quantity of EDBTA was dissolved in chloroform in a glass tube, whose top was sealed with a thin Teflon film. The tube was placed in a vial container including a small amount of n-hexane, and the container was capped and left to stand still in a dark place. After a day, its crystals were found to be formed in the inner tube.
All H atoms were geometrically positioned with C—H = 0.95 and 0.99 Å for the aromatic and methylene groups, respectively, and N—H = 0.87 Å, and refined as riding by Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C, N).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2007); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2007); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2007); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL2013 (Sheldrick, 2008).Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the title compound. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Isotropic H-atom thermal parameters are represented by spheres of arbitrary size. The labels of hydrogen atoms are omitted for clarity. | |
Fig. 2. Packing diagrams of the title compound, viewed down the (a) a and (b) b axes. The dotted lines represent C=S···H—N and C—H···π interactions. |
C16H16N2S2 | V = 780.67 (2) Å3 |
Mr = 300.43 | Z = 2 |
Triclinic, P1 | F(000) = 316 |
a = 8.6652 (1) Å | Dx = 1.278 Mg m−3 |
b = 9.4596 (1) Å | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å |
c = 10.3457 (1) Å | µ = 3.01 mm−1 |
α = 105.5452 (7)° | T = 223 K |
β = 98.9293 (7)° | Needle, yellow |
γ = 101.5370 (6)° | 0.20 × 0.05 × 0.05 mm |
Bruker APEXII Ultra CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2763 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Bruker TXS fine-focus rotating anode | 2568 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Bruker Helios multilayer mirror monochromator | Rint = 0.014 |
ϕ and ω scans | θmax = 68.2°, θmin = 4.6° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2001) | h = −10→10 |
Tmin = 0.58, Tmax = 0.86 | k = −11→11 |
10280 measured reflections | l = −10→12 |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0481P)2 + 0.2337P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.04 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
2763 reflections | Δρmax = 0.28 e Å−3 |
181 parameters | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
C16H16N2S2 | γ = 101.5370 (6)° |
Mr = 300.43 | V = 780.67 (2) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 8.6652 (1) Å | Cu Kα radiation |
b = 9.4596 (1) Å | µ = 3.01 mm−1 |
c = 10.3457 (1) Å | T = 223 K |
α = 105.5452 (7)° | 0.20 × 0.05 × 0.05 mm |
β = 98.9293 (7)° |
Bruker APEXII Ultra CCD area-detector diffractometer | 2763 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2001) | 2568 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.58, Tmax = 0.86 | Rint = 0.014 |
10280 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.029 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.083 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 0.28 e Å−3 |
2763 reflections | Δρmin = −0.18 e Å−3 |
181 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 was performed with all reflections. The weighted R-factor (wR) and goodness of fit (S) are based on F2, while the R-factor on F. The threshold expression of F2 > 2.0 σ(F2) was used only for calculating R-factor. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.55284 (15) | 0.70259 (14) | 0.66245 (14) | 0.0269 (3) | |
C2 | 0.39798 (16) | 0.74362 (15) | 0.62755 (14) | 0.0267 (3) | |
C3 | 0.25373 (17) | 0.65794 (16) | 0.63997 (14) | 0.0306 (3) | |
H3 | 0.2543 | 0.5762 | 0.6752 | 0.037* | |
C4 | 0.10937 (17) | 0.69267 (17) | 0.60064 (16) | 0.0356 (3) | |
H4 | 0.0121 | 0.6341 | 0.6086 | 0.043* | |
C5 | 0.10820 (18) | 0.81363 (18) | 0.54961 (16) | 0.0373 (3) | |
H5 | 0.0101 | 0.8369 | 0.5226 | 0.045* | |
C6 | 0.25101 (18) | 0.90021 (18) | 0.53830 (17) | 0.0379 (3) | |
H6 | 0.2501 | 0.9829 | 0.5044 | 0.046* | |
C7 | 0.39529 (17) | 0.86538 (16) | 0.57682 (15) | 0.0325 (3) | |
H7 | 0.4922 | 0.9244 | 0.5687 | 0.039* | |
C8 | 0.71343 (18) | 0.60757 (18) | 0.82305 (15) | 0.0353 (3) | |
H8A | 0.7237 | 0.6194 | 0.9213 | 0.042* | |
H8B | 0.8119 | 0.6707 | 0.8121 | 0.042* | |
C9 | 0.69808 (19) | 0.44220 (18) | 0.74548 (16) | 0.0374 (3) | |
H9A | 0.7012 | 0.4325 | 0.6493 | 0.045* | |
H9B | 0.7903 | 0.4104 | 0.7855 | 0.045* | |
C10 | 0.52445 (19) | 0.29310 (17) | 0.85582 (15) | 0.0360 (3) | |
C11 | 0.35708 (19) | 0.20806 (17) | 0.84557 (15) | 0.0363 (3) | |
C12 | 0.2252 (2) | 0.25356 (18) | 0.79138 (16) | 0.0400 (4) | |
H12 | 0.2417 | 0.3354 | 0.7556 | 0.048* | |
C13 | 0.0696 (2) | 0.1792 (2) | 0.78978 (18) | 0.0504 (4) | |
H13 | −0.0187 | 0.2121 | 0.7548 | 0.06* | |
C14 | 0.0438 (2) | 0.0564 (2) | 0.8396 (2) | 0.0569 (5) | |
H14 | −0.0618 | 0.0058 | 0.8383 | 0.068* | |
C15 | 0.1734 (3) | 0.0089 (2) | 0.89112 (19) | 0.0553 (5) | |
H15 | 0.1559 | −0.0756 | 0.9235 | 0.066* | |
C16 | 0.3285 (2) | 0.08408 (19) | 0.89556 (17) | 0.0453 (4) | |
H16 | 0.4162 | 0.0517 | 0.9326 | 0.054* | |
N1 | 0.57488 (14) | 0.66031 (14) | 0.77434 (12) | 0.0312 (3) | |
H1 | 0.5012 | 0.6642 | 0.8226 | 0.037* | |
N2 | 0.54942 (16) | 0.34276 (14) | 0.75044 (12) | 0.0361 (3) | |
H2 | 0.4702 | 0.3133 | 0.6785 | 0.043* | |
S1 | 0.68758 (4) | 0.70858 (4) | 0.56244 (4) | 0.03447 (12) | |
S2 | 0.67017 (5) | 0.32702 (6) | 0.99595 (4) | 0.04788 (14) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0259 (6) | 0.0285 (6) | 0.0259 (7) | 0.0067 (5) | 0.0055 (5) | 0.0083 (5) |
C2 | 0.0270 (6) | 0.0306 (6) | 0.0236 (7) | 0.0092 (5) | 0.0072 (5) | 0.0080 (5) |
C3 | 0.0319 (7) | 0.0325 (7) | 0.0311 (8) | 0.0095 (6) | 0.0100 (6) | 0.0130 (6) |
C4 | 0.0262 (7) | 0.0414 (8) | 0.0396 (9) | 0.0069 (6) | 0.0104 (6) | 0.0125 (6) |
C5 | 0.0299 (7) | 0.0492 (9) | 0.0379 (9) | 0.0186 (6) | 0.0074 (6) | 0.0154 (7) |
C6 | 0.0407 (8) | 0.0415 (8) | 0.0422 (9) | 0.0190 (7) | 0.0127 (7) | 0.0220 (7) |
C7 | 0.0303 (7) | 0.0356 (7) | 0.0366 (8) | 0.0092 (6) | 0.0116 (6) | 0.0164 (6) |
C8 | 0.0350 (7) | 0.0483 (8) | 0.0265 (8) | 0.0169 (6) | 0.0040 (6) | 0.0146 (6) |
C9 | 0.0429 (8) | 0.0509 (9) | 0.0288 (8) | 0.0240 (7) | 0.0129 (6) | 0.0176 (6) |
C10 | 0.0488 (9) | 0.0408 (8) | 0.0268 (8) | 0.0243 (7) | 0.0112 (6) | 0.0129 (6) |
C11 | 0.0507 (9) | 0.0385 (8) | 0.0238 (8) | 0.0186 (7) | 0.0097 (6) | 0.0102 (6) |
C12 | 0.0493 (9) | 0.0439 (8) | 0.0310 (8) | 0.0175 (7) | 0.0090 (7) | 0.0142 (6) |
C13 | 0.0482 (10) | 0.0628 (11) | 0.0392 (10) | 0.0172 (8) | 0.0077 (7) | 0.0128 (8) |
C14 | 0.0600 (11) | 0.0595 (11) | 0.0434 (11) | 0.0015 (9) | 0.0154 (8) | 0.0110 (8) |
C15 | 0.0809 (14) | 0.0453 (9) | 0.0417 (10) | 0.0100 (9) | 0.0196 (9) | 0.0175 (8) |
C16 | 0.0657 (11) | 0.0440 (9) | 0.0324 (9) | 0.0218 (8) | 0.0114 (7) | 0.0158 (7) |
N1 | 0.0325 (6) | 0.0418 (6) | 0.0256 (6) | 0.0160 (5) | 0.0096 (5) | 0.0140 (5) |
N2 | 0.0444 (7) | 0.0439 (7) | 0.0251 (6) | 0.0188 (6) | 0.0073 (5) | 0.0138 (5) |
S1 | 0.02655 (19) | 0.0504 (2) | 0.0359 (2) | 0.01414 (15) | 0.01281 (14) | 0.02216 (16) |
S2 | 0.0469 (2) | 0.0748 (3) | 0.0317 (2) | 0.0247 (2) | 0.00711 (17) | 0.0264 (2) |
C1—N1 | 1.3216 (17) | C9—H9A | 0.98 |
C1—C2 | 1.4882 (18) | C9—H9B | 0.98 |
C1—S1 | 1.6783 (13) | C10—N2 | 1.3278 (19) |
C2—C7 | 1.3906 (19) | C10—C11 | 1.484 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.3915 (19) | C10—S2 | 1.6791 (15) |
C3—C4 | 1.384 (2) | C11—C12 | 1.390 (2) |
C3—H3 | 0.94 | C11—C16 | 1.397 (2) |
C4—C5 | 1.384 (2) | C12—C13 | 1.386 (2) |
C4—H4 | 0.94 | C12—H12 | 0.94 |
C5—C6 | 1.381 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.385 (3) |
C5—H5 | 0.94 | C13—H13 | 0.94 |
C6—C7 | 1.382 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.376 (3) |
C6—H6 | 0.94 | C14—H14 | 0.94 |
C7—H7 | 0.94 | C15—C16 | 1.377 (3) |
C8—N1 | 1.4598 (17) | C15—H15 | 0.94 |
C8—C9 | 1.523 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.94 |
C8—H8A | 0.98 | N1—H1 | 0.87 |
C8—H8B | 0.98 | N2—H2 | 0.87 |
C9—N2 | 1.452 (2) | ||
N1—C1—C2 | 115.89 (11) | N2—C9—H9B | 109.2 |
N1—C1—S1 | 123.18 (10) | C8—C9—H9B | 109.2 |
C2—C1—S1 | 120.93 (10) | H9A—C9—H9B | 107.9 |
C7—C2—C3 | 119.15 (12) | N2—C10—C11 | 116.16 (13) |
C7—C2—C1 | 119.98 (12) | N2—C10—S2 | 122.96 (13) |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.82 (12) | C11—C10—S2 | 120.86 (11) |
C4—C3—C2 | 120.26 (13) | C12—C11—C16 | 118.40 (16) |
C4—C3—H3 | 119.9 | C12—C11—C10 | 120.86 (13) |
C2—C3—H3 | 119.9 | C16—C11—C10 | 120.69 (14) |
C5—C4—C3 | 120.02 (13) | C13—C12—C11 | 120.52 (15) |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.0 | C13—C12—H12 | 119.7 |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.0 | C11—C12—H12 | 119.7 |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.08 (13) | C14—C13—C12 | 120.19 (17) |
C6—C5—H5 | 120.0 | C14—C13—H13 | 119.9 |
C4—C5—H5 | 120.0 | C12—C13—H13 | 119.9 |
C5—C6—C7 | 120.05 (13) | C15—C14—C13 | 119.69 (18) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.0 | C15—C14—H14 | 120.2 |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.0 | C13—C14—H14 | 120.2 |
C6—C7—C2 | 120.42 (13) | C14—C15—C16 | 120.44 (17) |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.8 | C14—C15—H15 | 119.8 |
C2—C7—H7 | 119.8 | C16—C15—H15 | 119.8 |
N1—C8—C9 | 112.27 (12) | C15—C16—C11 | 120.74 (16) |
N1—C8—H8A | 109.1 | C15—C16—H16 | 119.6 |
C9—C8—H8A | 109.1 | C11—C16—H16 | 119.6 |
N1—C8—H8B | 109.1 | C1—N1—C8 | 124.96 (12) |
C9—C8—H8B | 109.1 | C1—N1—H1 | 117.5 |
H8A—C8—H8B | 107.9 | C8—N1—H1 | 117.5 |
N2—C9—C8 | 112.14 (12) | C10—N2—C9 | 125.36 (13) |
N2—C9—H9A | 109.2 | C10—N2—H2 | 117.3 |
C8—C9—H9A | 109.2 | C9—N2—H2 | 117.3 |
N1—C1—C2—C7 | 140.90 (14) | S2—C10—C11—C16 | −38.65 (19) |
S1—C1—C2—C7 | −39.89 (17) | C16—C11—C12—C13 | 1.3 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | −41.60 (18) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | −176.08 (15) |
S1—C1—C2—C3 | 137.61 (12) | C11—C12—C13—C14 | −1.4 (3) |
C7—C2—C3—C4 | 0.8 (2) | C12—C13—C14—C15 | 0.2 (3) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | −176.74 (13) | C13—C14—C15—C16 | 1.1 (3) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.4 (2) | C14—C15—C16—C11 | −1.2 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | −0.2 (2) | C12—C11—C16—C15 | 0.0 (2) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 0.6 (2) | C10—C11—C16—C15 | 177.37 (15) |
C5—C6—C7—C2 | −0.2 (2) | C2—C1—N1—C8 | 176.47 (13) |
C3—C2—C7—C6 | −0.5 (2) | S1—C1—N1—C8 | −2.7 (2) |
C1—C2—C7—C6 | 177.09 (13) | C9—C8—N1—C1 | −79.82 (18) |
N1—C8—C9—N2 | −55.40 (17) | C11—C10—N2—C9 | 172.70 (13) |
N2—C10—C11—C12 | −39.7 (2) | S2—C10—N2—C9 | −5.6 (2) |
S2—C10—C11—C12 | 138.62 (13) | C8—C9—N2—C10 | −79.40 (17) |
N2—C10—C11—C16 | 143.00 (15) |
Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C2–C7 and C11–C16 phenyl rings, respectively. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···S2i | 0.87 | 2.56 | 3.4186 (13) | 168 |
N2—H2···S1ii | 0.87 | 2.58 | 3.4097 (13) | 159 |
C8—H8A···Cg2i | 0.99 | 2.78 | 3.5376 (17) | 134 |
C9—H9A···Cg1i | 0.99 | 2.87 | 3.6685 (17) | 140 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Cg1 and Cg2 are the centroids of the C2–C7 and C11–C16 phenyl rings, respectively. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H1···S2i | 0.87 | 2.56 | 3.4186 (13) | 168 |
N2—H2···S1ii | 0.87 | 2.58 | 3.4097 (13) | 159 |
C8—H8A···Cg2i | 0.99 | 2.78 | 3.5376 (17) | 134 |
C9—H9A···Cg1i | 0.99 | 2.87 | 3.6685 (17) | 140 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (ii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
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In our previous studies, conformational characteristics and configurational properties of aromatic polythioesters (X = O and Y = S) and polydithioesters (X = Y = S) (Abe & Sasanuma, 2012) expressed as [–(C=X)–C6H4–(C=X)–Y–(CH2)m–Y–]n were investigated through molecular orbital (MO) calculations and NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on their model compounds (Abe et al., 2011; Abe & Sasanuma, 2013). The theoretical and experimental data thus obtained were applied to the ab initio statistical mechanics to derive bond conformations, configurational properties, and thermodynamic quantities on the target polymers. In the present study, we have treated aromatic polyamides (X = O and Y = NH), polythioamides (X = S and Y = NH), and their model compounds, C6H5–(C=X)–NH–(CH2)m–NH–(C=X)–C6H5. Crystal structures of the model compounds (X = O and m = 2 and 3) of poly(ethylene terephthalamide) and poly(trimethylene terephthalamide) were already determined (Palmer & Brisse, 1980; Brisson & Brisse, 1986). This paper reports the crystal structure of N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)benzenecarbothioamide (X = S and m = 2, referred to hereafter as EDBTA) corresponding to the model compound of poly(ethylene terephthalthioamide).
Figure 1 shows the molecular structure of EDBTA, whose NH–CH2–CH2–NH bonds adopt the g+g+g+ conformation. The MO calculations at the B3LYP/6–311+G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6–311+G(2d,p) level including the solvent effect of dimethyl sulfoxide have predicted conformational preferences of EDBTA; the first and second most stable conformers are tg+g– (–0.99) and g+g+g+ (–0.76), respectively, where the values in the parentheses are Gibbs free energies in kcal mol–1 relative to that of the all-trans state.
According to the MO calculations, the tg+g– conformer of EDBTA seems to form intramolecular C=S···H–N and C=S···C–H attractions. As shown in Figure 2, the crystallized EDBTA molecule, lying in the g+g+g+ conformation, forms intermolecular C=S···H–N and C–H..π interactions. Probably, the crystalline EDBTA chooses the intermolecular C=S···H–N interaction rather than the intramolecular one to acquire a larger energy stability. The MO calculations predicted that stable conformers of N,N'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)dibenzamide (X = O and m =2, abbreviated as EDBA), the model compound of poly(ethylene terephthalamide), are, in the ascending order of free energy, tg+g–, g+tg+, g+g+g+, g+tg–,···; the energy difference between g+tg– and tg+g– was estimated as 0.89 kcal mol-1. Nevertheless, the EDBA molecule crystallizes to adopt the fourth stable conformation, g+tg– (Palmer & Brisse, 1980). In contrast with models of the polythioester (X = O, Y = S, and m = 2) and polydithioester (X = Y = S and m = 2) (Abe et al., 2011; Abe & Sasanuma, 2012), EDBA and EDBTA do not crystallize in the most stable conformation suggested by the MO calculations probably because of the significant stabilization of the intermolecular C=O···H—N and C=S···H—N hydrogen bonds.