inorganic compounds
2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3
of the langbeinite-type mixed-metal phosphate KaDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University, 64/13, Volodymyrska St, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
*Correspondence e-mail: zvigo@yandex.ru
Dipotassium [nickel(II) zirconium(IV)] tris(orthophosphate) was prepared from a self-flux in the system K2O–P2O5–NiO–K2ZrF6. The title compound belongs to the langbeinite family and is built up from two [MO6] octahedra [M = Ni:Zr with mixed occupancy in ratios of 0.21 (4):0.79 (4) and 0.29 (4):0.71 (4), respectively] and [PO4] tetrahedra interlinked via vertices into a 3∞[M2(PO4)3] framework. Two independent K+ cations are located in large cavities of the framework, with coordination numbers to O2− anions of nine and twelve. The K, Ni, and Zr sites are located on threefold rotation axes.
CCDC reference: 1007892
Related literature
For the structure of the mineral langbeinite, see: Zemann & Zemann (1957). For langbeinite-related phosphates based on different pairs of polyvalent metals, see: Wulff et al. (1992) for K2REZr(PO4)3 (RE = Y, Gd); Orlova et al. (2003) for K2FeZr(PO4)3; Ogorodnyk et al. (2007a) for K1.96Mn0.57Zr1.43(PO4)3 and K1.93Mn0.53Hf1.47(PO4)3; Ogorodnyk et al. (2007b) for K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3. For the profile function used in the see: Thompson et al. (1987).
Experimental
Crystal data
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Data collection: PCXRD (Shimadzu, 2006); cell DICVOL-2004 (Boultif & Louër, 2004); data reduction: FULLPROF (Rodriguez-Carvajal, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: FULLPROF; program(s) used to refine structure: FULLPROF; molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 1999); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and enCIFer (Allen et al., 2004).
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1007892
https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536814013658/wm5021sup1.cif
contains datablocks global, I. DOI:Rietveld powder data: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536814013658/wm5021Isup2.rtv
A well-ground mixture of 11.8 g KPO3 and 1.12 g NiO was placed in a platinum crucible and then was heated up to 1273 K. The temperature was kept constant during one hour and after that it was decreased to 1173 K. 4.25 g of K2ZrF6 were added to the
under stirring with a platinum stirrer (initial K:P, Zr:P and Zr:Ni ratio equal to 1.3, 0.15, and 1.0, respectively). The crystallization of the melt was performed in the temperature range from 1173 to 913 K at an rate of 25 K/h. Finally, the crucible was cooled down to room temperature. The obtained material of (I) was recovered by washing with hot deionized water. The small crystals of (I) had the form of regular tetrahedra and were of light-yellow colour. The atomic ratio of the elements in (I) was found to be 4:1:3:6 for K/Ni/Zr/P, respectively: The sample was dissolved in 80% sulfuric acid under heating. The amount of the elements was then determined by atomic emission spectroscopy with inductive coupled plasma, AES-ICP, Spectroflame Modula ICP "Spectro".The powder pattern of (I) was indexed in the cubic system using DICVOL-2004 (Boultif & Louër, 2004). The pattern indexing showed that the sample was a single phase. Atomic coordinates of K1.96Mn0.57Zr1.43(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007a) were used during ≈ 1.44 Å while another was close to 1.57 Å). Experimental, calculated and difference patterns are shown in Fig. 1.
as a starting model. For profile a pseudo-Voigt function with axial divergence asymmetry (Thompson et al., 1987) was used. First, the scaling factor, background, cell parameters etc. were refined during profile matching. Atomic coordinates were then refined during the next step. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters of corresponding Zr and Ni sites were constrained to be the same. Isotropic displacement parameters of all atoms were appended to the The occupancies of K, Ni and Zr were refined taking into account that the occupancies of the hexacoordinated metal site should be equal to unity which was done using occupancy constraints. As the occupancy of the K sites was found to be 1, the occupancy factors of K1 and K2 were fixed at 1. The displacement factors of the O atoms were spread over a large range which is meaningless in this case due to the quality of the powder diffraction data. Thus Uiso values for all O atoms were constrained to be equal. As a result, the values of Uiso and their e.s.d.'s have close values. At the final cycles two geometric restraints were applied to the lengths of P—O bonds because their values were unsatisfactory for the model (without restraints, one wasPhosphates of the langbeinite structure type are considered as favorable for environmentally safe crystalline forms of ∞[M2(PO4)3] can be composed of various polyvalent metal pairs, for example, K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b), K1.96Mn0.57Zr1.43(PO4)3 and K1.93Mn0.53Hf1.47(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b), K2FeZr(PO4)3 (Orlova et al., 2003), K2REZr(PO4)3, RE = Y, Gd (Wulff et al., 1992). Herein the powder X-ray of a phosphate, structurally isotypic with the mineral langbenite, K2Mg2(SO4)3 (Zemann & Zemann, 1957), K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3, (I), is presented (Fig. 1).
solidification (Orlova et al., 2003). Langbeinite-type frameworks 3The K, Ni, and Zr sites lie on threefold rotation axes in positions 4 a with the sequence {(Zr,Ni)1—(Zr,Ni)2—K1—K2} where (Zr,Ni)1 and (Zr,Ni)2 are metal sites with a mixed occupancy (Fig. 2). P and O atoms are located in 12 b positions.
The structure of (I) contains two independent [(Zr,Ni)O6] octahedra and one [PO4] tetrahedron which are linked together via common vertices, forming a three-dimensional framework (Fig. 3). The (Zr,Ni)–O bond lengths are 2.070 (14) Å, 2.098 (14) Å and 2.036 (12) Å, 2.041 (16) Å for [(Zr,Ni)1O6] and [(Zr,Ni)2O6], respectively. It should be noted that the occupancy of the metal sites by Ni2+ is slightly different (0.21 (4) for the M1 site and 0.29 (4) for the M2 site) whereas in case of K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b) Ni2+ ions are almost equally distributed (occupancy of 0.25 for both positions), with ((Ti,Ni)—O bonds ranging from 1.938 (5) to 1.962 (5) Å. The three-dimensional framework 3∞[(Zr,Ni)2(PO4)3] has large closed cavities where the two independent K+ cations are located. K1 is coordinated by nine O atoms, while K2 is surrounded by twelve O atoms (Fig. 4), with K—O bond lengths ranging from 2.956 (16) to 3.332 (15) Å (Table 1).
For the structure of the mineral langbeinite, see: Zemann & Zemann (1957). For langbeinite-related phosphates based on different pairs of polyvalent metals, see: Wulff et al. (1992) for K2REZr(PO4)3 (RE = Y, Gd); Orlova et al. (2003) for K2FeZr(PO4)3; Ogorodnyk et al. (2007a) for K1.96Mn0.57Zr1.43(PO4)3 and K1.93Mn0.53Hf1.47(PO4)3; Ogorodnyk et al. (2007b) for K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3. For the profile function used in the
see: Thompson et al. (1987).Data collection: PCXRD (Shimadzu, 2006); cell
DICVOL-2004 (Boultif & Louër, 2004); data reduction: FULLPROF (Rodriguez-Carvajal, 2006); program(s) used to solve structure: FULLPROF (Rodriguez-Carvajal, 2006); program(s) used to refine structure: FULLPROF (Rodriguez-Carvajal, 2006); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 1999); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and enCIFer (Allen et al., 2004).Fig. 1. Results of the Rietveld refinement of K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3. Experimental (dots), calculated (red curve) and difference (blue curve) data. | |
Fig. 2. A view of the asymmetric unit of K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3. Displacement ellipsoid are drawn at the 50% probability level. | |
Fig. 3. A projection of the structure of (I) along [111]. PO4 tetrahedra are pink, (Zr,Ni)1O6 octahedra are turquoise, (Zr,Ni)2O6 octahedra are green, K+ cations are shown as yellow spheres. | |
Fig. 4. The O environment of K1+ and K2+ cations for (I). Displacement ellipsoid are drawn at the 50% probability level. |
K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3 | Dx = 3.355 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 529.29 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.540598 Å |
Cubic, P213 | T = 293 K |
Hall symbol: P 2ac 2ab 3 | Particle morphology: isometric |
a = 10.15724 (13) Å | yellow |
V = 1047.92 (2) Å3 | flat sheet, 25 × 25 mm |
Z = 4 | Specimen preparation: Prepared at 293 K and 101.3 kPa |
Shimadzu LabX XRD-6000 diffractometer | Data collection mode: reflection |
Radiation source: X-ray tube, X-ray | Scan method: step |
Graphite monochromator | 2θmin = 10.910°, 2θmax = 104.911°, 2θstep = 0.020° |
Specimen mounting: glass container |
Rp = 0.100 | 107 parameters |
Rwp = 0.134 | 2 restraints |
Rexp = 0.034 | 9 constraints |
RBragg = 0.041 | Standard least squares refinement |
R(F) = 0.035 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
4701 data points | Background function: Linear Interpolation between a set background points with refinable heights |
Profile function: Thompson-Cox-Hastings pseudo-Voigt * Axial divergence asymmetry | Preferred orientation correction: March-Dollase Numeric Multiaxial Function |
K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 529.29 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.540598 Å |
Cubic, P213 | T = 293 K |
a = 10.15724 (13) Å | flat sheet, 25 × 25 mm |
V = 1047.92 (2) Å3 |
Shimadzu LabX XRD-6000 diffractometer | Scan method: step |
Specimen mounting: glass container | 2θmin = 10.910°, 2θmax = 104.911°, 2θstep = 0.020° |
Data collection mode: reflection |
Rp = 0.100 | R(F) = 0.035 |
Rwp = 0.134 | 4701 data points |
Rexp = 0.034 | 107 parameters |
RBragg = 0.041 | 2 restraints |
Geometry. Bond distances, angles etc. have been calculated using the rounded fractional coordinates. All su's are estimated from the variances of the (full) variance-covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account in the estimation of distances, angles and torsion angles |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
K1 | 0.7043 (6) | 0.7043 (6) | 0.7043 (6) | 0.054 (5)* | |
K2 | 0.9317 (7) | 0.9317 (7) | 0.9317 (7) | 0.052 (4)* | |
Zr1 | 0.1448 (2) | 0.1448 (2) | 0.1448 (2) | 0.007 (2)* | 0.79 (4) |
Zr2 | 0.4146 (3) | 0.4146 (3) | 0.4146 (3) | 0.004 (2)* | 0.71 (4) |
Ni1 | 0.1448 (2) | 0.1448 (2) | 0.1448 (2) | 0.007 (2)* | 0.21 (4) |
Ni2 | 0.4146 (3) | 0.4146 (3) | 0.4146 (3) | 0.004 (2)* | 0.29 (4) |
P1 | 0.4581 (6) | 0.2296 (8) | 0.1286 (7) | 0.004 (2)* | |
O1 | 0.3180 (14) | 0.2335 (14) | 0.0844 (15) | 0.003 (2)* | |
O2 | 0.5417 (12) | 0.2950 (14) | 0.0238 (14) | 0.003 (2)* | |
O3 | 0.5025 (12) | 0.0869 (16) | 0.1471 (13) | 0.003 (2)* | |
O4 | 0.4729 (14) | 0.3039 (12) | 0.2580 (10) | 0.003 (2)* |
K1—O1i | 2.956 (16) | Zr1—O1xiii | 2.070 (14) |
K1—O2ii | 3.165 (14) | Zr1—O2xiv | 2.098 (14) |
K1—O4ii | 3.325 (14) | Zr2—O4 | 2.036 (12) |
K1—O1iii | 2.956 (16) | Zr2—O3i | 2.041 (16) |
K1—O2iv | 3.165 (14) | Zr2—O4xi | 2.036 (12) |
K1—O4iv | 3.325 (14) | Zr2—O3iii | 2.041 (16) |
K1—O1v | 2.956 (16) | Zr2—O4xiii | 2.036 (12) |
K1—O2vi | 3.165 (14) | Zr2—O3v | 2.041 (16) |
K1—O4vi | 3.325 (14) | Ni1—O2xii | 2.098 (14) |
K2—O3ii | 2.973 (15) | Ni1—O1xiii | 2.070 (14) |
K2—O2vii | 3.026 (16) | Ni1—O2xiv | 2.098 (14) |
K2—O4ii | 3.127 (15) | Ni1—O1xi | 2.070 (14) |
K2—O4vii | 3.332 (15) | Ni1—O1 | 2.070 (14) |
K2—O3iv | 2.973 (15) | Ni1—O2x | 2.098 (14) |
K2—O2viii | 3.026 (16) | Ni2—O4 | 2.036 (12) |
K2—O4iv | 3.127 (15) | Ni2—O3v | 2.041 (16) |
K2—O4viii | 3.332 (15) | Ni2—O3i | 2.041 (16) |
K2—O3vi | 2.973 (15) | Ni2—O4xi | 2.036 (12) |
K2—O2ix | 3.026 (16) | Ni2—O3iii | 2.041 (16) |
K2—O4vi | 3.127 (15) | Ni2—O4xiii | 2.036 (12) |
K2—O4ix | 3.332 (15) | P1—O3 | 1.530 (18) |
Zr1—O1 | 2.070 (14) | P1—O4 | 1.523 (13) |
Zr1—O2x | 2.098 (14) | P1—O2 | 1.515 (15) |
Zr1—O1xi | 2.070 (14) | P1—O1 | 1.493 (16) |
Zr1—O2xii | 2.098 (14) | ||
O1—Zr1—O2x | 93.2 (5) | O1—Ni1—O2x | 93.2 (5) |
O1—Zr1—O1xi | 90.6 (6) | O1—Ni1—O1xi | 90.6 (6) |
O1—Zr1—O2xii | 175.9 (5) | O1—Ni1—O2xii | 175.9 (5) |
O1—Zr1—O1xiii | 90.6 (6) | O1—Ni1—O1xiii | 90.6 (6) |
O1—Zr1—O2xiv | 87.7 (6) | O1—Ni1—O2xiv | 87.7 (6) |
O1xi—Zr1—O2x | 87.7 (6) | O1xi—Ni1—O2x | 87.7 (6) |
O2x—Zr1—O2xii | 88.6 (5) | O2x—Ni1—O2xii | 88.6 (5) |
O1xiii—Zr1—O2x | 175.9 (5) | O1xiii—Ni1—O2x | 175.9 (5) |
O2x—Zr1—O2xiv | 88.6 (5) | O2x—Ni1—O2xiv | 88.6 (5) |
O1xi—Zr1—O2xii | 93.2 (5) | O4xi—Ni2—O4xiii | 87.5 (5) |
O1xi—Zr1—O1xiii | 90.6 (6) | O3v—Ni2—O4xi | 170.8 (5) |
O1xi—Zr1—O2xiv | 175.9 (5) | O3iii—Ni2—O4xiii | 84.5 (5) |
O1xiii—Zr1—O2xii | 87.7 (6) | O3iii—Ni2—O3v | 92.1 (5) |
O2xii—Zr1—O2xiv | 88.6 (5) | O3v—Ni2—O4xiii | 96.5 (5) |
O1xiii—Zr1—O2xiv | 93.2 (5) | O3i—Ni2—O3iii | 92.1 (5) |
O3i—Zr2—O4 | 96.5 (5) | O3i—Ni2—O4 | 96.5 (5) |
O4—Zr2—O4xi | 87.5 (5) | O4—Ni2—O4xi | 87.5 (5) |
O3iii—Zr2—O4 | 170.8 (5) | O3iii—Ni2—O4 | 170.8 (5) |
O4—Zr2—O4xiii | 87.5 (5) | O4—Ni2—O4xiii | 87.5 (5) |
O3v—Zr2—O4 | 84.5 (5) | O3v—Ni2—O4 | 84.5 (5) |
O3i—Zr2—O4xi | 84.5 (5) | O3i—Ni2—O4xi | 84.5 (5) |
O3i—Zr2—O3iii | 92.1 (5) | O3iii—Ni2—O4xi | 96.5 (5) |
O3i—Zr2—O4xiii | 170.8 (5) | O3i—Ni2—O4xiii | 170.8 (5) |
O3i—Zr2—O3v | 92.1 (5) | O3i—Ni2—O3v | 92.1 (5) |
O3iii—Zr2—O4xi | 96.5 (5) | O3—P1—O4 | 109.5 (8) |
O4xi—Zr2—O4xiii | 87.5 (5) | O1—P1—O2 | 108.1 (9) |
O3v—Zr2—O4xi | 170.8 (5) | O1—P1—O3 | 110.1 (9) |
O3iii—Zr2—O4xiii | 84.5 (5) | O1—P1—O4 | 109.9 (9) |
O3iii—Zr2—O3v | 92.1 (5) | O2—P1—O3 | 109.7 (8) |
O3v—Zr2—O4xiii | 96.5 (5) | O2—P1—O4 | 109.5 (9) |
O1xi—Ni1—O2xii | 93.2 (5) | Zr1—O1—P1 | 135.2 (10) |
O1xi—Ni1—O1xiii | 90.6 (6) | Ni1—O1—P1 | 135.2 (10) |
O1xi—Ni1—O2xiv | 175.9 (5) | Zr1xv—O2—P1 | 168.8 (10) |
O1xiii—Ni1—O2xii | 87.7 (6) | Zr2xvi—O3—P1 | 153.7 (9) |
O2xii—Ni1—O2xiv | 88.6 (5) | Zr2—O4—P1 | 156.8 (9) |
O1xiii—Ni1—O2xiv | 93.2 (5) | Ni2—O4—P1 | 156.8 (9) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x+3/2, −y+1, z+1/2; (iii) −z+1/2, −x+1, y+1/2; (iv) −y+1, z+1/2, −x+3/2; (v) y+1/2, −z+1/2, −x+1; (vi) z+1/2, −x+3/2, −y+1; (vii) −z+1, x+1/2, −y+3/2; (viii) −y+3/2, −z+1, x+1/2; (ix) x+1/2, −y+3/2, −z+1; (x) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z; (xi) z, x, y; (xii) −z, x−1/2, −y+1/2; (xiii) y, z, x; (xiv) −y+1/2, −z, x−1/2; (xv) x+1/2, −y+1/2, −z; (xvi) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
K1—O1i | 2.956 (16) | Zr1—O2iv | 2.098 (14) |
K1—O2ii | 3.165 (14) | Zr2—O4 | 2.036 (12) |
K1—O4ii | 3.325 (14) | Zr2—O3i | 2.041 (16) |
K2—O3ii | 2.973 (15) | P1—O3 | 1.530 (18) |
K2—O2iii | 3.026 (16) | P1—O4 | 1.523 (13) |
K2—O4ii | 3.127 (15) | P1—O2 | 1.515 (15) |
K2—O4iii | 3.332 (15) | P1—O1 | 1.493 (16) |
Zr1—O1 | 2.070 (14) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x+3/2, −y+1, z+1/2; (iii) −z+1, x+1/2, −y+3/2; (iv) x−1/2, −y+1/2, −z. |
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.
Phosphates of the langbeinite structure type are considered as favorable for environmentally safe crystalline forms of radioactive waste solidification (Orlova et al., 2003). Langbeinite-type frameworks 3∞[M2(PO4)3] can be composed of various polyvalent metal pairs, for example, K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b), K1.96Mn0.57Zr1.43(PO4)3 and K1.93Mn0.53Hf1.47(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b), K2FeZr(PO4)3 (Orlova et al., 2003), K2REZr(PO4)3, RE = Y, Gd (Wulff et al., 1992). Herein the powder X-ray refinement of a phosphate, structurally isotypic with the mineral langbenite, K2Mg2(SO4)3 (Zemann & Zemann, 1957), K2Ni0.5Zr1.5(PO4)3, (I), is presented (Fig. 1).
The K, Ni, and Zr sites lie on threefold rotation axes in positions 4 a with the sequence {(Zr,Ni)1—(Zr,Ni)2—K1—K2} where (Zr,Ni)1 and (Zr,Ni)2 are metal sites with a mixed occupancy (Fig. 2). P and O atoms are located in 12 b positions.
The structure of (I) contains two independent [(Zr,Ni)O6] octahedra and one [PO4] tetrahedron which are linked together via common vertices, forming a three-dimensional framework (Fig. 3). The (Zr,Ni)–O bond lengths are 2.070 (14) Å, 2.098 (14) Å and 2.036 (12) Å, 2.041 (16) Å for [(Zr,Ni)1O6] and [(Zr,Ni)2O6], respectively. It should be noted that the occupancy of the metal sites by Ni2+ is slightly different (0.21 (4) for the M1 site and 0.29 (4) for the M2 site) whereas in case of K2Ni0.5Ti1.5(PO4)3 (Ogorodnyk et al., 2007b) Ni2+ ions are almost equally distributed (occupancy of 0.25 for both positions), with ((Ti,Ni)—O bonds ranging from 1.938 (5) to 1.962 (5) Å. The three-dimensional framework 3∞[(Zr,Ni)2(PO4)3] has large closed cavities where the two independent K+ cations are located. K1 is coordinated by nine O atoms, while K2 is surrounded by twelve O atoms (Fig. 4), with K—O bond lengths ranging from 2.956 (16) to 3.332 (15) Å (Table 1).