organic compounds
H-benzimidazole
of 1-[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]-2-(thiazol-4-yl)-1aMoroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research (MASCIR), Rabat, Morocco, bLaboratoire de Chimie Organique Hétérocyclique URAC 21, Pôle de Compétence Pharmacochimie, Av. Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco, and cLaboratoire de Chimie du Solide Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP 1014, Rabat, Morocco
*Correspondence e-mail: h.gueddar@gmail.com
The benzimidazole ring in the title compound, C16H17N3O2S, is almost planar, with the greatest deviation from the mean plane being 0.032 (1) Å. The fused-ring system makes dihedral angles of 19.91 (7) and 24.51 (8)° with the best plane through each of the thiazol-4-yl and 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl rings, respectively; the latter exhibits an with the methylene C atom being the flap. Finally, the thiazol-4-yl ring makes a dihedral angle of 33.85 (9)° with the 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl ring. In the crystal, molecules are connected by a pair of C—H⋯π(imidazole) interactions to form centrosymmetric aggregates.
Keywords: crystal structure; benzimidazole; thiazol-4-yl; 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl.
CCDC reference: 1435046
1. Related literature
For the use of the title compound as an anthelmintic, see: Brown et al. (1961); Hennekeuser et al. (1969); as a food preservative and an agricultural fungicide, see: Arenas & Johnson (1994); for induction of aneuploidy and photogenotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells, see: Watanabe-Akanuma et al. (2005); as an anti-angiogenic, see: Cha et al. (2012); and as a ligand for transition metal ions, see: Gueddar et al. (2013).
2. Experimental
2.1. Crystal data
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2.3. Refinement
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Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2014/ (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip,2010).
Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1435046
https://doi.org/10.1107/S205698901502085X/tk5404sup1.cif
contains datablock I. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S205698901502085X/tk5404Isup2.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S205698901502085X/tk5404Isup3.cml
To a solution of thiabendazole (1 g, 5 × 10 -3 mol.) dissolved in DMF (20 ml) was added potassium carbonate (0.83 g, 6 × 10 -3 mol.), tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (0.13 g, 0.4 × 10 -3 mol) and tosylated solketal (2.79 g, 10 × 10 -3 mol). The mixture was heated for 48 h. After the completion of the reaction (as monitored by TLC), the inorganic material was filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue obtained was recrystallized from ethanol to afford the title compound as colourless crystals.
The H atoms were located in a difference map and treated as riding with C—H = 0.93 Å (aromatic), C—H = 0.97 (methylene), C—H = 0.98 (methine) and C—H = 0.96 Å (methyl), and with Uiso(H) = 1.2 Ueq(aromatic, methine and methylene) and Uiso(H) = 1.5 Ueq(methyl). The reflections (0 1 0) and (1 0 0), which were affected by the beam-stop, were removed from the final cycles of
owing to poor agreement.Thiabendazole [2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, TBZ], is used as a broad spectrum anthelmintic in various animals (Brown et al., 1961) and in humans (Hennekeuser et al., 1969). TBZ inhibits anaerobic respiration at the level of mitochondrial helminth-specific enzyme. This compound has also been used as a food preservative and an agricultural fungicide (Arenas and Johnson, 1994). Induction of aneuploidy and photogenotoxicity has been reported for TBZ in bacteria and cultured human cells (Watanabe-Akanuma et al., 2005). TBZ has recently been verified to be vascular disrupting agent and thus as a potential complementary therapeutic for use in combination with current anti-angiogenic therapeutics (Cha et al., 2012). TBZ is also an effective ligand to coordinate transition metal ions (Gueddar et al., 2013). The title compound is synthesized by action of TBZ on tosylated solketal under phase transfer catalysis conditions.
The molecule of the title compound is build up from fused five- and six-membered rings linked to a thiazol-4-yl cycle and, via one —CH2— link, to a 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group as shown in Fig. 1. The benzimidazole ring is essentially planar with the maximum deviation from the mean plane being 0.032 (1)° at C4 and makes dihedral angles of 19.91 (7) and 24.51 (8)° with the mean plane through the thiazol-4-yl and the 3-dioxolan-4-yl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the thiazol-4-yl cycle and the 3-dioxolan-4-yl ring is of 33.85 (9)°. Furthermore, the five-membered ring (O1O2C12C13C14) adopts an envelope conformations on C13 as indicated by the total puckering amplitude Q2 = 0.381 (2) Å and spherical polar angle φ2 = 72.2 (2)°. In the crystal, the molecules are held together by C13–H13B···π interactions involving the imidazole ring.
For the use of the title compound as an anthelmintic, see: Brown et al. (1961); Hennekeuser et al. (1969); as a food preservative and an agricultural fungicide, see: Arenas & Johnson (1994); for induction of aneuploidy and photogenotoxicity in bacteria and cultured human cells, see: Watanabe-Akanuma et al. (2005); as an anti-angiogenic, see: Cha et al. (2012); and as a ligand for transition metal ions, see: Gueddar et al. (2013).
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2009); cell
SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2009); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS2014/ (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: PLATON (Spek, 2009) and publCIF (Westrip,2010).Fig. 1. Molecular structure of the title compound with the atom-labelling scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. H atoms are represented as small circles. |
C16H17N3O2S | Z = 2 |
Mr = 315.38 | F(000) = 332 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.350 Mg m−3 |
a = 9.3177 (5) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 9.3786 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 4740 reflections |
c = 9.5418 (6) Å | θ = 2.8–30.5° |
α = 78.739 (4)° | µ = 0.22 mm−1 |
β = 78.777 (3)° | T = 296 K |
γ = 73.632 (3)° | Block, colourless |
V = 775.95 (8) Å3 | 0.36 × 0.31 × 0.26 mm |
Bruker X8 APEX diffractometer | 4740 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2804 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.037 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 30.5°, θmin = 2.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) | h = −13→13 |
Tmin = 0.700, Tmax = 0.747 | k = −13→13 |
19810 measured reflections | l = −13→13 |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0449P)2 + 0.0871P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.03 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
4740 reflections | Δρmax = 0.16 e Å−3 |
199 parameters | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
C16H17N3O2S | γ = 73.632 (3)° |
Mr = 315.38 | V = 775.95 (8) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 2 |
a = 9.3177 (5) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 9.3786 (6) Å | µ = 0.22 mm−1 |
c = 9.5418 (6) Å | T = 296 K |
α = 78.739 (4)° | 0.36 × 0.31 × 0.26 mm |
β = 78.777 (3)° |
Bruker X8 APEX diffractometer | 4740 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2009) | 2804 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.700, Tmax = 0.747 | Rint = 0.037 |
19810 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.043 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.03 | Δρmax = 0.16 e Å−3 |
4740 reflections | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
199 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
C1 | 0.9210 (2) | −0.0317 (2) | 0.68651 (19) | 0.0621 (5) | |
H1 | 1.0193 | −0.0386 | 0.6391 | 0.074* | |
C2 | 0.69556 (19) | −0.05253 (19) | 0.84926 (17) | 0.0567 (4) | |
H2 | 0.6188 | −0.0714 | 0.9230 | 0.068* | |
C3 | 0.67345 (17) | 0.04071 (16) | 0.72279 (15) | 0.0455 (3) | |
C4 | 0.52432 (17) | 0.11882 (16) | 0.68306 (15) | 0.0431 (3) | |
C5 | 0.28330 (18) | 0.20058 (17) | 0.69744 (17) | 0.0480 (4) | |
C6 | 0.12767 (19) | 0.2376 (2) | 0.7404 (2) | 0.0625 (5) | |
H6 | 0.0870 | 0.2227 | 0.8375 | 0.075* | |
C7 | 0.0354 (2) | 0.2967 (2) | 0.6362 (2) | 0.0700 (5) | |
H7 | −0.0690 | 0.3218 | 0.6636 | 0.084* | |
C8 | 0.0949 (2) | 0.3197 (2) | 0.4904 (2) | 0.0672 (5) | |
H8 | 0.0292 | 0.3598 | 0.4225 | 0.081* | |
C9 | 0.2485 (2) | 0.28454 (19) | 0.44413 (19) | 0.0569 (4) | |
H9 | 0.2883 | 0.2997 | 0.3467 | 0.068* | |
C10 | 0.34127 (17) | 0.22519 (16) | 0.55071 (16) | 0.0450 (3) | |
C11 | 0.60240 (18) | 0.16781 (16) | 0.40757 (15) | 0.0454 (3) | |
H11A | 0.5501 | 0.1612 | 0.3315 | 0.055* | |
H11B | 0.6843 | 0.0776 | 0.4179 | 0.055* | |
C12 | 0.66868 (18) | 0.30373 (17) | 0.36290 (16) | 0.0477 (4) | |
H12 | 0.7195 | 0.3150 | 0.4394 | 0.057* | |
C13 | 0.55626 (19) | 0.44806 (18) | 0.31814 (17) | 0.0535 (4) | |
H13A | 0.4595 | 0.4562 | 0.3802 | 0.064* | |
H13B | 0.5932 | 0.5348 | 0.3188 | 0.064* | |
C14 | 0.69603 (17) | 0.36581 (17) | 0.11179 (16) | 0.0488 (4) | |
C15 | 0.6876 (2) | 0.2593 (2) | 0.01678 (19) | 0.0673 (5) | |
H15A | 0.7877 | 0.2135 | −0.0270 | 0.101* | |
H15B | 0.6277 | 0.3134 | −0.0572 | 0.101* | |
H15C | 0.6420 | 0.1827 | 0.0738 | 0.101* | |
C16 | 0.7744 (2) | 0.4856 (2) | 0.0327 (2) | 0.0702 (5) | |
H16A | 0.8749 | 0.4389 | −0.0094 | 0.105* | |
H16B | 0.7793 | 0.5480 | 0.0993 | 0.105* | |
H16C | 0.7187 | 0.5459 | −0.0422 | 0.105* | |
N1 | 0.80427 (15) | 0.05273 (16) | 0.62983 (15) | 0.0575 (4) | |
N2 | 0.40020 (14) | 0.13467 (15) | 0.77840 (13) | 0.0487 (3) | |
N3 | 0.49717 (14) | 0.17320 (13) | 0.54286 (12) | 0.0428 (3) | |
O1 | 0.77265 (12) | 0.28446 (12) | 0.23223 (11) | 0.0532 (3) | |
O2 | 0.54583 (12) | 0.43257 (12) | 0.17557 (11) | 0.0528 (3) | |
S1 | 0.88238 (5) | −0.12939 (6) | 0.85352 (5) | 0.06612 (16) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
C1 | 0.0568 (10) | 0.0661 (12) | 0.0570 (10) | −0.0168 (9) | −0.0043 (8) | 0.0032 (9) |
C2 | 0.0634 (10) | 0.0589 (10) | 0.0394 (8) | −0.0103 (8) | −0.0008 (7) | −0.0019 (7) |
C3 | 0.0575 (9) | 0.0398 (8) | 0.0378 (8) | −0.0142 (7) | −0.0019 (7) | −0.0050 (6) |
C4 | 0.0582 (9) | 0.0353 (7) | 0.0353 (7) | −0.0151 (6) | −0.0030 (6) | −0.0028 (6) |
C5 | 0.0571 (9) | 0.0408 (8) | 0.0460 (8) | −0.0155 (7) | −0.0027 (7) | −0.0067 (7) |
C6 | 0.0574 (10) | 0.0646 (11) | 0.0609 (11) | −0.0161 (8) | 0.0029 (8) | −0.0092 (9) |
C7 | 0.0560 (10) | 0.0694 (13) | 0.0828 (14) | −0.0143 (9) | −0.0089 (10) | −0.0110 (11) |
C8 | 0.0697 (12) | 0.0584 (11) | 0.0753 (13) | −0.0103 (9) | −0.0268 (10) | −0.0070 (9) |
C9 | 0.0713 (11) | 0.0475 (9) | 0.0522 (10) | −0.0137 (8) | −0.0138 (8) | −0.0055 (7) |
C10 | 0.0560 (9) | 0.0344 (7) | 0.0455 (8) | −0.0143 (6) | −0.0063 (7) | −0.0053 (6) |
C11 | 0.0600 (9) | 0.0392 (8) | 0.0350 (7) | −0.0138 (7) | −0.0013 (6) | −0.0045 (6) |
C12 | 0.0630 (9) | 0.0460 (9) | 0.0358 (7) | −0.0202 (7) | −0.0048 (7) | −0.0032 (6) |
C13 | 0.0705 (10) | 0.0408 (8) | 0.0465 (9) | −0.0163 (8) | 0.0016 (8) | −0.0071 (7) |
C14 | 0.0540 (9) | 0.0481 (9) | 0.0383 (8) | −0.0113 (7) | −0.0030 (7) | 0.0013 (7) |
C15 | 0.0823 (13) | 0.0676 (12) | 0.0505 (10) | −0.0155 (10) | −0.0057 (9) | −0.0144 (9) |
C16 | 0.0817 (13) | 0.0655 (12) | 0.0573 (11) | −0.0289 (10) | 0.0011 (9) | 0.0091 (9) |
N1 | 0.0523 (8) | 0.0596 (9) | 0.0537 (8) | −0.0172 (7) | −0.0055 (6) | 0.0095 (7) |
N2 | 0.0546 (7) | 0.0489 (7) | 0.0405 (7) | −0.0155 (6) | −0.0004 (6) | −0.0048 (6) |
N3 | 0.0534 (7) | 0.0380 (7) | 0.0354 (6) | −0.0131 (5) | −0.0029 (5) | −0.0029 (5) |
O1 | 0.0508 (6) | 0.0579 (7) | 0.0422 (6) | −0.0102 (5) | −0.0041 (5) | 0.0049 (5) |
O2 | 0.0562 (6) | 0.0514 (6) | 0.0429 (6) | −0.0066 (5) | −0.0048 (5) | −0.0014 (5) |
S1 | 0.0670 (3) | 0.0732 (3) | 0.0465 (3) | −0.0051 (2) | −0.0116 (2) | 0.0032 (2) |
C1—N1 | 1.295 (2) | C10—N3 | 1.3879 (19) |
C1—S1 | 1.7030 (18) | C11—N3 | 1.4612 (18) |
C1—H1 | 0.9300 | C11—C12 | 1.522 (2) |
C2—C3 | 1.359 (2) | C11—H11A | 0.9700 |
C2—S1 | 1.6913 (18) | C11—H11B | 0.9700 |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C12—O1 | 1.4300 (17) |
C3—N1 | 1.3794 (19) | C12—C13 | 1.504 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.461 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9800 |
C4—N2 | 1.3167 (18) | C13—O2 | 1.4205 (19) |
C4—N3 | 1.3807 (18) | C13—H13A | 0.9700 |
C5—N2 | 1.388 (2) | C13—H13B | 0.9700 |
C5—C6 | 1.390 (2) | C14—O2 | 1.4299 (18) |
C5—C10 | 1.398 (2) | C14—O1 | 1.4431 (18) |
C6—C7 | 1.372 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.501 (2) |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C14—C16 | 1.510 (2) |
C7—C8 | 1.393 (3) | C15—H15A | 0.9600 |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | C15—H15B | 0.9600 |
C8—C9 | 1.378 (3) | C15—H15C | 0.9600 |
C8—H8 | 0.9300 | C16—H16A | 0.9600 |
C9—C10 | 1.393 (2) | C16—H16B | 0.9600 |
C9—H9 | 0.9300 | C16—H16C | 0.9600 |
N1—C1—S1 | 115.57 (13) | O1—C12—C11 | 108.49 (12) |
N1—C1—H1 | 122.2 | C13—C12—C11 | 114.15 (13) |
S1—C1—H1 | 122.2 | O1—C12—H12 | 110.6 |
C3—C2—S1 | 110.39 (12) | C13—C12—H12 | 110.6 |
C3—C2—H2 | 124.8 | C11—C12—H12 | 110.6 |
S1—C2—H2 | 124.8 | O2—C13—C12 | 101.61 (12) |
C2—C3—N1 | 114.69 (14) | O2—C13—H13A | 111.4 |
C2—C3—C4 | 123.77 (14) | C12—C13—H13A | 111.4 |
N1—C3—C4 | 121.50 (13) | O2—C13—H13B | 111.4 |
N2—C4—N3 | 113.24 (13) | C12—C13—H13B | 111.4 |
N2—C4—C3 | 122.47 (13) | H13A—C13—H13B | 109.3 |
N3—C4—C3 | 124.13 (13) | O2—C14—O1 | 104.86 (11) |
N2—C5—C6 | 130.26 (15) | O2—C14—C15 | 108.45 (13) |
N2—C5—C10 | 110.23 (13) | O1—C14—C15 | 110.33 (13) |
C6—C5—C10 | 119.47 (16) | O2—C14—C16 | 110.57 (13) |
C7—C6—C5 | 118.54 (17) | O1—C14—C16 | 109.05 (13) |
C7—C6—H6 | 120.7 | C15—C14—C16 | 113.24 (15) |
C5—C6—H6 | 120.7 | C14—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
C6—C7—C8 | 121.29 (17) | C14—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C6—C7—H7 | 119.4 | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C8—C7—H7 | 119.4 | C14—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C9—C8—C7 | 121.69 (18) | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C9—C8—H8 | 119.2 | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
C7—C8—H8 | 119.2 | C14—C16—H16A | 109.5 |
C8—C9—C10 | 116.57 (17) | C14—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C8—C9—H9 | 121.7 | H16A—C16—H16B | 109.5 |
C10—C9—H9 | 121.7 | C14—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
N3—C10—C9 | 131.86 (14) | H16A—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
N3—C10—C5 | 105.65 (13) | H16B—C16—H16C | 109.5 |
C9—C10—C5 | 122.43 (15) | C1—N1—C3 | 109.91 (14) |
N3—C11—C12 | 113.34 (12) | C4—N2—C5 | 104.91 (12) |
N3—C11—H11A | 108.9 | C4—N3—C10 | 105.96 (12) |
C12—C11—H11A | 108.9 | C4—N3—C11 | 129.77 (13) |
N3—C11—H11B | 108.9 | C10—N3—C11 | 124.02 (12) |
C12—C11—H11B | 108.9 | C12—O1—C14 | 108.64 (11) |
H11A—C11—H11B | 107.7 | C13—O2—C14 | 106.22 (12) |
O1—C12—C13 | 101.94 (12) | C2—S1—C1 | 89.43 (8) |
Cg1 is the centroid of the N2/N3/C4/C5/C10 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C13—H13B···Cg1i | 0.97 | 2.83 | 3.7543 (18) | 160 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Cg1 is the centroid of the N2/N3/C4/C5/C10 ring. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C13—H13B···Cg1i | 0.97 | 2.83 | 3.7543 (18) | 160 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, −y+1, −z+1. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Unit of Support for Technical and Scientific Research (UATRS, CNRST) for the X-ray measurements, and the University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco, for financial support.
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Thiabendazole [2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole, TBZ], is used as a broad spectrum anthelmintic in various animals (Brown et al., 1961) and in humans (Hennekeuser et al., 1969). TBZ inhibits anaerobic respiration at the level of mitochondrial helminth-specific enzyme. This compound has also been used as a food preservative and an agricultural fungicide (Arenas and Johnson, 1994). Induction of aneuploidy and photogenotoxicity has been reported for TBZ in bacteria and cultured human cells (Watanabe-Akanuma et al., 2005). TBZ has recently been verified to be vascular disrupting agent and thus as a potential complementary therapeutic for use in combination with current anti-angiogenic therapeutics (Cha et al., 2012). TBZ is also an effective ligand to coordinate transition metal ions (Gueddar et al., 2013). The title compound is synthesized by action of TBZ on tosylated solketal under phase transfer catalysis conditions.
The molecule of the title compound is build up from fused five- and six-membered rings linked to a thiazol-4-yl cycle and, via one —CH2— link, to a 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl group as shown in Fig. 1. The benzimidazole ring is essentially planar with the maximum deviation from the mean plane being 0.032 (1)° at C4 and makes dihedral angles of 19.91 (7) and 24.51 (8)° with the mean plane through the thiazol-4-yl and the 3-dioxolan-4-yl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the thiazol-4-yl cycle and the 3-dioxolan-4-yl ring is of 33.85 (9)°. Furthermore, the five-membered ring (O1O2C12C13C14) adopts an envelope conformations on C13 as indicated by the total puckering amplitude Q2 = 0.381 (2) Å and spherical polar angle φ2 = 72.2 (2)°. In the crystal, the molecules are held together by C13–H13B···π interactions involving the imidazole ring.