research communications
II coordination polymer: catena-poly[[μ-aqua-bis(μ-2-methylpropanoato)-κ2O:O′;κ2O:O-cobalt(II)] monohydrate]
of a CoaSt Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Moskovsky pr. 26, 190013, St Petersburg, Russian Federation, and bInstitute of Earth Sciences, St Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, 199034, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
*Correspondence e-mail: andreasfischer@mail.ru, vladgeo17@mail.ru
In the title cobalt(II) coordination polymer with isobutyrate ligands, {[Co{CH(CH3)2CO2}2(H2O)]·H2O}n, the Co2+ ion is hexacoordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral coordination environment defined by two O atoms from two bridging water molecules and four O atoms from four bridging carboxylate ligands. The carboxylates adopt two different coordination modes, μ-(κ2O:O′) and μ-(κ2O:O), forming a one-dimensional polymeric chain extending along [010]. The intra-chain cobalt⋯cobalt separation is 3.2029 (2) Å. The polymeric chains are linked by hydrogen bonds involving the water molecules of solvation, giving a two-dimensional network structure lying parallel to (100).
Keywords: crystal structure; polynuclear complexes; coordination polymer; cobalt carboxylates; cobalt(II) isobutyrate dihydrate.
CCDC reference: 1529830
1. Chemical context
Carboxylate anions still remain a popular choice as bridging ligands because of their ability to form diverse oligo- and polynuclear structures. Oligo- and polynuclear cobalt carboxylates in turn have attracted great attention because of their utilization in homogeneous oxidation catalysis (Gates, 1992; Parshall & Ittel, 1992; Partenheimer, 1995; Ward et al., 2013a), and their interesting magnetic properties (Ward et al., 2013b; Eremenko et al., 2009). Recently, we have reported on the crystal structures of the hydrated polymeric cobalt(II) propionate (Fischer et al., 2010) and butyrate (Fischer et al., 2011), which were prepared by the reaction of cobalt(II) carbonate hydrate with the corresponding aqueous carboxylic acid. The aim of these studies was to investigate the influence of the steric features of the carboxylate anion on the structure of the resulting compounds. Cobalt(II) carboxylates are of interest for our group as starting materials for the synthesis of mixed-valence cobalt carboxylates (Fischer, Kuznetsov & Belyaev, 2012; Fischer, Kuznetsov, Shchukarev & Belyaev, 2012). In addition, we intend to examine the of the cobalt(II) carboxylates obtained, which will be used for introduction into the sodalite cages of synthetic NaY zeolites, modified by decationation and dealuminizing methods.
As a part of our ongoing studies on these compounds, we describe here synthesis and 3)2CO2}2(H2O)]·H2O}n, (I).
of the title compound, {[Co{CH(CH2. Structural commentary
The structure of (I) contains one independent Co2+ cation coordinated by four O atoms from four bridging isobutyrate ligands and two O atoms from two bridging water molecules (O1W) in a distorted octahedral coordination. A water molecule of solvation (O2W) is also present (Fig. 1). The Co—O bond lengths are in the range 2.0142 (6)–2.1777 (6) Å (Table 1) and the cis-angles about the Co2+ atom vary in the range 78.99 (3)–110.31 (2)°. This data correlates with the angles and the distances in cobalt(II) acetate dihydrate which has a similar structure (Jiao et al., 2000), as well as with the closely related cobalt(II) propionate dihydrate (Fischer et al., 2010) and cobalt(II) butyrate 1.7-hydrate (Fischer et al., 2011).
The structure of (I) is based on infinite chains with ∞[Co(H2O)((CH3)2CHCOO)2] composition, extending along [010] (Fig. 2). The Co⋯Co distance within the chain is 3.2029 (2) Å. The formation of polymeric chains may be a plausible reason for the crystal growth being predominantly along the b axis. The bridging carboxylate groups adopt two coordination modes, μ-(κ2O:O′) and μ-(κ2O:O). The C—O bond lengths of the first group (involving O1A and O2A) have close values [1.2755 (10) and 1.2533 (10) Å], whereas those of the second group (involving O1B and O2B) have a more striking difference [1.2878 (9) and 1.2510 (11) Å]. The carboxylate O2B atom of the second group forms an inter-unit hydrogen bond with the bridging water molecule [O1W—H⋯O2Bi = 2.6206 (9) Å] (Fig. 2, Table 2).
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3. Supramolecular features
Metal–organic chain polymers are linked together through the water molecule of solvation (O2W) by a system of hydrogen bonds, forming a sheet structure arranged parallel to (100) (Table 2, Fig. 3). Only weak van der Waals interactions link neighboring sheets in the crystal structure.
4. Database survey
A survey of the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom et al., 2016) reveals only the following related one-dimensional polymeric structures of cobalt(II) carboxylates with composition ∞[Co(RCOO)2(H2O)]: acetate (Jiao et al., 2000), propionate (Fischer et al., 2010) and butyrate (Fischer et al., 2011).
5. Synthesis and crystallization
The title compound was synthesized using a similar procedure as for the synthesis of the analogous carboxylates cobalt(II) propionate dihydrate (Fischer et al., 2010) and cobalt(II) butyrate 1.7-hydrate (Fischer et al., 2011). To a mixture of isobutyric acid (8.8 g, 100 mmol) and water (100 ml), an excess of fresh cobalt(II) carbonate hexahydrate, CoCO3·6H2O, (13.6 g, 60 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was periodically stirred in an ultrasonic bath at room temperature until the liberation of carbon dioxide ceased. The unreacted CoCO3·6H2O was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was allowed to stand at room temperature for slow evaporation. Red single crystals of (I) suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained after several days. The yield was 81%.
6. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . The hydrogen atoms of the water molecules were located from differenc maps and refined in an isotropic approximation with Uiso(H) set to 1.5Ueq(O). Other hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined using a riding model with d(C—H) = 0.98 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C) for the tertiary carbon atoms and d(C—H) = 0.96 Å, Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(C) for the methyl groups.
details are summarized in Table 3
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Supporting information
CCDC reference: 1529830
Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2014); cell
SAINT (Bruker, 2014); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2014); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2012 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2012); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).[Co(C4H7O2)2(H2O)]·H2O | F(000) = 564 |
Mr = 269.15 | Dx = 1.535 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 11.9999 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 9959 reflections |
b = 6.3815 (2) Å | θ = 3.5–49.6° |
c = 16.1374 (6) Å | µ = 1.48 mm−1 |
β = 109.540 (2)° | T = 100 K |
V = 1164.59 (7) Å3 | Prism, red |
Z = 4 | 0.35 × 0.15 × 0.1 mm |
Bruker APEXII CCD diffractometer | 5082 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 4459 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.070 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 35.0°, θmin = 3.5° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2014) | h = −17→19 |
Tmin = 0.304, Tmax = 0.417 | k = −10→4 |
25308 measured reflections | l = −26→26 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: mixed |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.026 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
wR(F2) = 0.068 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0362P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.03 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
5082 reflections | Δρmax = 1.25 e Å−3 |
152 parameters | Δρmin = −0.51 e Å−3 |
4 restraints |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Co1 | 0.49462 (2) | 0.68360 (2) | 0.24090 (2) | 0.00839 (4) | |
O1A | 0.66165 (5) | 0.60756 (10) | 0.24434 (4) | 0.01230 (11) | |
O2A | 0.67317 (6) | 0.26293 (11) | 0.27311 (4) | 0.01275 (11) | |
O1B | 0.43294 (5) | 0.41595 (10) | 0.16212 (4) | 0.01065 (11) | |
O2B | 0.34759 (6) | 0.20179 (10) | 0.05000 (4) | 0.01437 (12) | |
O1W | 0.49903 (6) | 0.45171 (10) | 0.34088 (4) | 0.01116 (11) | |
H1W1 | 0.4417 (17) | 0.463 (3) | 0.3540 (16) | 0.017* | |
H1W2 | 0.5573 (18) | 0.505 (3) | 0.3843 (15) | 0.017* | |
O2W | 0.29615 (6) | 0.39794 (11) | 0.37156 (4) | 0.01612 (12) | |
H2W1 | 0.2869 (13) | 0.290 (2) | 0.3380 (10) | 0.024* | |
H2W2 | 0.3027 (13) | 0.344 (2) | 0.4235 (8) | 0.024* | |
C1A | 0.71817 (7) | 0.43527 (13) | 0.26448 (5) | 0.01045 (14) | |
C2A | 0.85034 (8) | 0.44468 (14) | 0.28101 (6) | 0.01530 (15) | |
H2A | 0.8621 | 0.5188 | 0.2314 | 0.018* | |
C3A | 0.90702 (9) | 0.2299 (2) | 0.28691 (9) | 0.0292 (2) | |
H3A1 | 0.9021 | 0.1576 | 0.3377 | 0.044* | |
H3A2 | 0.9885 | 0.2457 | 0.2917 | 0.044* | |
H3A3 | 0.8663 | 0.1508 | 0.2350 | 0.044* | |
C4A | 0.90875 (11) | 0.5731 (2) | 0.36327 (11) | 0.0409 (4) | |
H4A1 | 0.8738 | 0.7102 | 0.3563 | 0.061* | |
H4A2 | 0.9918 | 0.5855 | 0.3726 | 0.061* | |
H4A3 | 0.8976 | 0.5050 | 0.4130 | 0.061* | |
C1B | 0.36124 (7) | 0.38036 (14) | 0.08390 (5) | 0.01115 (14) | |
C2B | 0.29432 (9) | 0.56464 (14) | 0.03069 (6) | 0.01593 (16) | |
H2B | 0.2944 | 0.6787 | 0.0714 | 0.019* | |
C3B | 0.16552 (9) | 0.50628 (19) | −0.02026 (7) | 0.0238 (2) | |
H3B1 | 0.1637 | 0.3970 | −0.0616 | 0.036* | |
H3B2 | 0.1245 | 0.6271 | −0.0512 | 0.036* | |
H3B3 | 0.1278 | 0.4583 | 0.0201 | 0.036* | |
C4B | 0.35856 (10) | 0.64054 (17) | −0.03141 (6) | 0.02213 (19) | |
H4B1 | 0.4358 | 0.6907 | 0.0025 | 0.033* | |
H4B2 | 0.3142 | 0.7519 | −0.0676 | 0.033* | |
H4B3 | 0.3660 | 0.5265 | −0.0680 | 0.033* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Co1 | 0.00921 (6) | 0.00625 (7) | 0.00890 (5) | 0.00009 (3) | 0.00197 (4) | −0.00013 (3) |
O1A | 0.0120 (3) | 0.0092 (3) | 0.0155 (3) | 0.0012 (2) | 0.0043 (2) | 0.0020 (2) |
O2A | 0.0116 (3) | 0.0097 (3) | 0.0164 (3) | 0.0002 (2) | 0.0040 (2) | 0.0016 (2) |
O1B | 0.0120 (3) | 0.0083 (3) | 0.0091 (2) | 0.00017 (19) | 0.00020 (19) | −0.00006 (17) |
O2B | 0.0182 (3) | 0.0100 (3) | 0.0114 (3) | 0.0011 (2) | 0.0003 (2) | −0.00154 (19) |
O1W | 0.0129 (3) | 0.0097 (3) | 0.0104 (2) | −0.0009 (2) | 0.0032 (2) | −0.00094 (18) |
O2W | 0.0229 (3) | 0.0121 (3) | 0.0144 (3) | −0.0006 (2) | 0.0076 (2) | −0.0006 (2) |
C1A | 0.0106 (3) | 0.0103 (4) | 0.0103 (3) | 0.0002 (2) | 0.0032 (2) | 0.0001 (2) |
C2A | 0.0105 (3) | 0.0139 (4) | 0.0217 (4) | −0.0002 (3) | 0.0057 (3) | 0.0017 (3) |
C3A | 0.0138 (4) | 0.0223 (6) | 0.0489 (7) | 0.0050 (4) | 0.0071 (4) | −0.0045 (5) |
C4A | 0.0179 (5) | 0.0483 (9) | 0.0492 (8) | −0.0048 (5) | 0.0013 (5) | −0.0285 (6) |
C1B | 0.0123 (3) | 0.0107 (4) | 0.0093 (3) | 0.0010 (3) | 0.0022 (2) | 0.0000 (2) |
C2B | 0.0209 (4) | 0.0117 (4) | 0.0114 (3) | 0.0047 (3) | 0.0004 (3) | 0.0006 (3) |
C3B | 0.0187 (4) | 0.0263 (6) | 0.0210 (4) | 0.0078 (4) | −0.0005 (3) | 0.0026 (3) |
C4B | 0.0326 (5) | 0.0146 (4) | 0.0179 (4) | −0.0008 (4) | 0.0067 (4) | 0.0039 (3) |
Co1—O1A | 2.0449 (6) | C2A—C4A | 1.5176 (16) |
Co1—O2Ai | 2.0142 (6) | C3A—H3A1 | 0.9600 |
Co1—O1B | 2.1100 (6) | C3A—H3A2 | 0.9600 |
Co1—O1Bi | 2.1198 (6) | C3A—H3A3 | 0.9600 |
Co1—O1W | 2.1768 (6) | C4A—H4A1 | 0.9600 |
Co1—O1Wi | 2.1777 (6) | C4A—H4A2 | 0.9600 |
O1A—C1A | 1.2755 (10) | C4A—H4A3 | 0.9600 |
O2A—C1A | 1.2533 (10) | C1B—C2B | 1.5179 (12) |
O1B—C1B | 1.2878 (9) | C2B—H2B | 0.9800 |
O2B—C1B | 1.2510 (11) | C2B—C3B | 1.5340 (14) |
O1W—H1W1 | 0.79 (2) | C2B—C4B | 1.5329 (14) |
O1W—H1W2 | 0.88 (2) | C3B—H3B1 | 0.9600 |
O2W—H2W1 | 0.861 (12) | C3B—H3B2 | 0.9600 |
O2W—H2W2 | 0.884 (11) | C3B—H3B3 | 0.9600 |
C1A—C2A | 1.5191 (12) | C4B—H4B1 | 0.9600 |
C2A—H2A | 0.9800 | C4B—H4B2 | 0.9600 |
C2A—C3A | 1.5187 (15) | C4B—H4B3 | 0.9600 |
O1A—Co1—O1B | 88.13 (3) | C4A—C2A—C3A | 111.50 (9) |
O1A—Co1—O1Bi | 89.41 (3) | C2A—C3A—H3A1 | 109.5 |
O1A—Co1—O1W | 92.18 (3) | C2A—C3A—H3A2 | 109.5 |
O1A—Co1—O1Wi | 88.29 (3) | C2A—C3A—H3A3 | 109.5 |
O2Ai—Co1—O1A | 175.30 (3) | H3A1—C3A—H3A2 | 109.5 |
O2Ai—Co1—O1B | 89.99 (3) | H3A1—C3A—H3A3 | 109.5 |
O2Ai—Co1—O1Bi | 93.14 (3) | H3A2—C3A—H3A3 | 109.5 |
O2Ai—Co1—O1W | 91.70 (3) | C2A—C4A—H4A1 | 109.5 |
O2Ai—Co1—O1Wi | 88.33 (3) | C2A—C4A—H4A2 | 109.5 |
O1B—Co1—O1Bi | 170.29 (2) | C2A—C4A—H4A3 | 109.5 |
O1B—Co1—O1W | 79.22 (2) | H4A1—C4A—H4A2 | 109.5 |
O1Bi—Co1—O1W | 91.49 (2) | H4A1—C4A—H4A3 | 109.5 |
O1B—Co1—O1Wi | 110.31 (2) | H4A2—C4A—H4A3 | 109.5 |
O1Bi—Co1—O1Wi | 78.99 (2) | O1B—C1B—C2B | 118.13 (8) |
O1W—Co1—O1Wi | 170.46 (2) | O2B—C1B—O1B | 122.42 (8) |
C1A—O1A—Co1 | 130.11 (6) | O2B—C1B—C2B | 119.42 (7) |
C1A—O2A—Co1ii | 131.28 (6) | C1B—C2B—H2B | 108.3 |
Co1—O1B—Co1ii | 98.44 (2) | C1B—C2B—C3B | 111.27 (8) |
C1B—O1B—Co1 | 135.89 (6) | C1B—C2B—C4B | 109.15 (8) |
C1B—O1B—Co1ii | 125.09 (6) | C3B—C2B—H2B | 108.3 |
Co1—O1W—Co1ii | 94.70 (2) | C4B—C2B—H2B | 108.3 |
Co1—O1W—H1W1 | 109.1 (16) | C4B—C2B—C3B | 111.30 (8) |
Co1ii—O1W—H1W1 | 116.6 (14) | C2B—C3B—H3B1 | 109.5 |
Co1—O1W—H1W2 | 98.2 (15) | C2B—C3B—H3B2 | 109.5 |
Co1ii—O1W—H1W2 | 127.6 (14) | C2B—C3B—H3B3 | 109.5 |
H1W1—O1W—H1W2 | 106 (2) | H3B1—C3B—H3B2 | 109.5 |
H2W1—O2W—H2W2 | 103.8 (14) | H3B1—C3B—H3B3 | 109.5 |
O2A—C1A—O1A | 124.94 (8) | H3B2—C3B—H3B3 | 109.5 |
O2A—C1A—C2A | 118.59 (7) | C2B—C4B—H4B1 | 109.5 |
O1A—C1A—C2A | 116.46 (7) | C2B—C4B—H4B2 | 109.5 |
C1A—C2A—H2A | 107.6 | C2B—C4B—H4B3 | 109.5 |
C3A—C2A—C1A | 113.25 (8) | H4B1—C4B—H4B2 | 109.5 |
C3A—C2A—H2A | 107.6 | H4B1—C4B—H4B3 | 109.5 |
C4A—C2A—C1A | 108.94 (8) | H4B2—C4B—H4B3 | 109.5 |
C4A—C2A—H2A | 107.6 | ||
Co1—O1A—C1A—C2A | −166.13 (6) | Co1ii—O1B—C1B—O2B | −16.84 (12) |
Co1—O1A—C1A—O2A | 12.38 (12) | Co1—O1B—C1B—C2B | −4.15 (12) |
O1A—C1A—C2A—C3A | −168.74 (8) | Co1ii—O1B—C1B—C2B | 165.09 (6) |
O1A—C1A—C2A—C4A | 66.57 (12) | O1B—C1B—C2B—C3B | −138.98 (8) |
O2A—C1A—C2A—C3A | 12.65 (12) | O1B—C1B—C2B—C4B | 97.80 (9) |
O2A—C1A—C2A—C4A | −112.03 (11) | O2B—C1B—C2B—C3B | 42.89 (11) |
Co1—O1B—C1B—O2B | 173.93 (6) | O2B—C1B—C2B—C4B | −80.33 (10) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1W—H1W1···O2W | 0.79 (2) | 1.91 (2) | 2.6638 (10) | 161 (2) |
O1W—H1W2···O2Bi | 0.88 (2) | 1.79 (2) | 2.6206 (9) | 158 (2) |
O2W—H2W1···O1Aii | 0.86 (1) | 2.01 (1) | 2.7967 (9) | 151 (1) |
O2W—H2W2···O2Biii | 0.88 (1) | 1.95 (1) | 2.8087 (9) | 163 (1) |
C2B—H2B···O2Ai | 0.98 | 2.47 | 3.3094 (11) | 144 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1/2; (ii) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1/2; (iii) x, −y+1/2, z+1/2. |
Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Research Center of X-ray Diffraction Studies at St Petersburg State University for the data collection. The work was supported financially within the state contract No. 14.Z50.31.0013 of March 19, 2014.
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