research communications
Crystal structures of 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexamethyl-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexaazatrinaphthylene and 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexaphenyl-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexazatrinaphthylene dichloromethane disolvate
aInstitut für Chemie, Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Carl von Ossietzky Universit t Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
*Correspondence e-mail: ruediger.beckhaus@uni-oldenburg.de
The crystal structures of two substituted HATN (hexaazatrinaphthylene) derivatives, namely 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexamethyl- and 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexaphenyl-5,6,11,12,17,18- hexazatrinaphthylene (HATNMe6 and HATNPh6), are reported. Whereas the structure of the methyl-substituted derivative (HATNMe6) contains no solvent molecules (C30H24N6), the hexaphenyl-substituted structure (HATNPh6) contains two molecules of dichloromethane (C60H36N6·2CH2Cl2). This class of planar bridging ligands is known for its electron-deficient systems and its ability to form π–π stacking interactions. Indeed, in both crystal structures strong π–π stacking interactions are observed, but with different packing features. The dichloromethane molecules in the of HATNPh6 are situated in the voids and are involved in C—H⋯N contacts to the nitrogen atoms of the pyrazine units.
Keywords: crystal structure; N-heterocycles; multidentate ligand; π–π stacking.
1. Chemical context
Over the last decades, hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) and its derivatives have shown numerous applications in magnetic materials, semiconductors, sensors and polymers for energy storage (Segura et al., 2015). These electron-deficient, aromatic and planar systems are known for their excellent π–π stacking ability (Alfonso & Stoeckli-Evans, 2001) and their three potential chelating positions to form metal complexes. Therefore, a variety of metal HAT or HATN (hexaazatrinaphthylene) complexes are known (Kitagawa & Masaoka, 2003). Complexes with ruthenium (HATN; Ghumaan et al., 2007), rhenium (HATN; Roy & Kubiak, 2010), cobalt (HATN; Moilanen et al., 2016) and titanium (HATNMe6; Piglosiewicz et al., 2005) have been investigated, in particular due to their interesting electrochemical, photophysical and magnetic properties. The synthesis, electrochemical and photophysical properties of the title compounds HATNMe6 (1) (Catalano et al., 1994; Fraser et al., 2011) and HATNPh6 (2) (Gao et al., 2009) have already been published. Herein we report on the corresponding crystal structures of the two HATN derivatives.
2. Structural commentary
The title compound HATNMe6 (1) crystallizes without solvent molecules in the orthorhombic Pbcn with four formula units per and half a molecule of HATNMe6 in the the other half being completed by twofold rotation symmetry (Fig. 1). The molecule is nearly planar with a slight deviation of the outer annulated benzene rings [2.25 (6)° for C8–C13 and 4.09 (6)° for C4–C6i; symmetry code: (i) 1 – x, y, 1/2 – z]. The central six-membered ring of 1 exhibits three longer (C1—C2, C3—C3i: average 1.474 Å) and three shorter (C2—C3, C1—C1i: average 1.427 Å) C—C bonds. The C—C bonds at the annulated benzene rings show differences in bond lengths. While the outermost bonds (C10—C11 and C6—C6i, respectively) are elongated (average 1.438 Å) the bonds to the left and right of these bonds (C5—C6, C9—C10, C11—C12) are shortened (average 1.366 Å).
HATNPh6 (2) crystallizes with two molecules of CH2Cl2 in the triclinic P with two formula units per (Fig. 2). The molecule is, aside from the terminal phenyl groups, nearly planar with a slight deviation of the outer annulated benzene rings [9.97 (6)° for C43–C48, 8.96 (6)° for C7–C12, and 4.11 (6)° for C25–C30]. The terminal phenyl groups do not lie in this plane and are twisted [dihedral angles between the least-squares planes of the six-membered central ring system and the phenyl rings: 47.60 (7)° for C49–C54, 54.11 (7)° for C55–C60, 32.99 (6)° for C19–C24, 47.26 (6)° for C13–C18, 46.74 (6)° for C31–C36 and 44.26 (7)° for C37–C42]. The central six-membered ring of 2, like in HATNMe6 (1), exhibits three longer (C2—C3, C4—C5, C6—C1; average 1.474 Å) and three shorter (C1—C2, C3—C4, C5—C6; average 1.430 Å) C—C bonds. These distances are slightly shorter in comparison with HATN (Alfonso & Stoeckli-Evans, 2001; average 1.48 and 1.43 Å) but still longer than known for HAT(CONH2)6 (Beeson et al., 1996; average 1.46 and 1.41 Å). As has been noted for HATNMe6 (1) above as well as for HATN (Alfonso & Stoeckli-Evans, 2001), the annulated benzene ring shows differences in C—C bond lengths. For 2, the outermost bonds (C9—C10, C27—C28 and C45—C46, respectively) are elongated (average 1.449 Å) and the bonds to the left and right of these bonds (C8—C9, C10—C11, C26—C27, C28—C29, C44—C45, C46—C47) are shortened (average 1.379 Å).
3. Supramolecular features
As a result of the π–π stacking ability of trinaphthylene derivatives HATNMe6 (1) and HATNPh6 (2), these molecules stack in layers in their respective crystal structures. In the crystal packing of HATNMe6 (1), a herringbone-like arrangement of molecules is observed (Figs. 3 and 4). Individual molecules are arranged in layers and have a short plane–to–plane distance (defined by the central rings) of 3.3602 (5) Å. However, the π–π overlap occurs only in small areas, as shown by the rather large parallel displacement of the molecules with an angle of 31.52° and a shift of 5.48 Å between the centroids. The resulting layers within the herringbone-like structure stack at an angle of 63.1° to each other.
The molecules of HATNPh6 (2) form centrosymmetric dimers that are stacked perfectly parallel by van der Waals interactions but with a parallel displaced π-stacking. The plane-to-plane distance (defined by the central rings) within a dimer of 3.2518 (5) Å is shorter compared to the corresponding distance in 1. This distance, as well as the short centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.4018 (7) Å are both at the lower limit of ranges known for metal complexes with aromatic nitrogen-containing ligands (Janiak, 2000). The plane-to-plane distance between adjacent dimers is 3.15 Å. The parallel displacement between the layers (Fig. 5) is much shorter than for HATNMe6 (1), with an angle of 16.8° and a shift of approximately 1 Å. Comparing the plane-to-plane distances of the title compounds with related derivatives like HATN (Alfonso & Stoeckli-Evans, 2001; 3.66 Å) and HAT(CONH2)6 (Beeson et al., 1996; 3.31 Å), the dimers of HATNPh6 (2) have the shortest contact and the shortest displacement in π-stacking. Further interactions between the terminal phenyl rings and the pyrazines rings interconnect the dimers. The dichloromethane solvent molecules are located near the electron lone pairs of the N atoms in the voids of the packed molecules. They bridge two molecules of 2 and consolidate the crystal packing through weak C—H⋯N hydrogen-bonding interactions (Table 1, Fig. 6).
4. Synthesis and crystallization
Hexaketocyclohexane octahydrate and 4,5-diphenyl-1,2-diamine were prepared according to published procedures (Fatiadi & Sager, 1962; Shao et al., 2012; Gao et al., 2009).
Synthesis of 1. HATNMe6 was synthesized by a published procedure (Catalano et al., 1994). Crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow evaporation of a benzene solution of 1.
Synthesis of 2. HATNPh6 was synthesized based on a literature method (Gao et al., 2009). 4,5-diphenyl-1,2-diamine (1.8 g, 6.9 mmol) and hexaketocyclohexane octahydrate (0.54 g, 1.72 mmol) in 100 ml acetic acid were heated up to 373 K for 36 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was filtrated and the resulting yellow solid was washed with plenty of water and 2 M KOH solution. The solid was suspended in a mixture of dichloromethane (100 ml) and a saturated K2CO3 solution (100 ml) overnight in order to remove all traces of acetic acid. After filtration and washing with water, the solid was dried in a vacuum to give 2 as a yellow solid in 72% yield. Crystals suitable for single crystal X-ray diffraction were obtained by slow evaporation of a CH2Cl2 solution of 2.
5. Refinement
Crystal data, data collection and structure . Hydrogen atoms bound to C atoms were located from difference-Fourier maps but were subsequently fixed to idealized positions using appropriate riding models.
details are summarized in Table 2Supporting information
https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018000725/wm5431sup1.cif
contains datablocks 1, 2. DOI:Structure factors: contains datablock 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018000725/wm54311sup2.hkl
Structure factors: contains datablock 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018000725/wm54312sup3.hkl
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018000725/wm54311sup4.cml
Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018000725/wm54312sup5.cml
Data collection: IPDS (Stoe, 1999) for (1); APEX2 (Bruker, 2013) for (2). Cell
IPDS (Stoe, 1999) for (1); SAINT (Bruker, 2013) for (2). Data reduction: X-RED (Stoe, 2002) for (1); SAINT (Bruker, 2013) for (2). Program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008) for (1); SHELXS2013/1 (Sheldrick, 2015a) for (2). For both structures, program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2017/1 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: DIAMOND (Brandenburg & Putz, 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: publCIF (Westrip, 2010).C30H24N6 | Dx = 1.320 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 468.55 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Orthorhombic, Pbcn | Cell parameters from 5493 reflections |
a = 11.6178 (8) Å | θ = 2.3–26.2° |
b = 15.7762 (8) Å | µ = 0.08 mm−1 |
c = 12.8621 (7) Å | T = 153 K |
V = 2357.4 (2) Å3 | Prism, yellow |
Z = 4 | 0.50 × 0.38 × 0.25 mm |
F(000) = 984 |
Stoe IPDS diffractometer | Rint = 0.057 |
Radiation source: sealed tube | θmax = 26.2°, θmin = 2.6° |
φ scans | h = −14→14 |
23121 measured reflections | k = −19→19 |
2361 independent reflections | l = −15→16 |
1286 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Refinement on F2 | 0 restraints |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.032 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.080 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.050P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 0.75 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
2361 reflections | Δρmax = 0.16 e Å−3 |
166 parameters | Δρmin = −0.14 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.56074 (10) | 0.64519 (8) | 0.34566 (8) | 0.0255 (3) | |
N2 | 0.62730 (10) | 0.49478 (7) | 0.43437 (8) | 0.0265 (3) | |
N3 | 0.56076 (10) | 0.34059 (8) | 0.33894 (7) | 0.0252 (3) | |
C1 | 0.53175 (13) | 0.57382 (8) | 0.29813 (10) | 0.0226 (3) | |
C2 | 0.56581 (11) | 0.49314 (9) | 0.34649 (9) | 0.0225 (3) | |
C3 | 0.53343 (12) | 0.41546 (9) | 0.29893 (9) | 0.0225 (3) | |
C4 | 0.52959 (12) | 0.71863 (9) | 0.29846 (10) | 0.0247 (3) | |
C5 | 0.55513 (12) | 0.79701 (10) | 0.34611 (10) | 0.0283 (3) | |
H5 | 0.592691 | 0.797343 | 0.411715 | 0.034* | |
C6 | 0.52734 (13) | 0.87212 (9) | 0.30047 (11) | 0.0314 (4) | |
C7 | 0.55470 (17) | 0.95456 (11) | 0.35433 (13) | 0.0502 (5) | |
H7A | 0.579276 | 0.943076 | 0.425845 | 0.075* | |
H7B | 0.485952 | 0.990540 | 0.355234 | 0.075* | |
H7C | 0.616673 | 0.983645 | 0.316924 | 0.075* | |
C8 | 0.65625 (12) | 0.41882 (9) | 0.47584 (10) | 0.0246 (3) | |
C9 | 0.72310 (13) | 0.41486 (9) | 0.56818 (10) | 0.0288 (4) | |
H9 | 0.745094 | 0.466061 | 0.601600 | 0.035* | |
C10 | 0.75658 (12) | 0.33909 (9) | 0.61015 (10) | 0.0281 (3) | |
C11 | 0.72339 (12) | 0.26111 (9) | 0.56134 (10) | 0.0266 (3) | |
C12 | 0.65713 (13) | 0.26394 (9) | 0.47327 (10) | 0.0269 (3) | |
H12 | 0.633497 | 0.212331 | 0.441761 | 0.032* | |
C13 | 0.62308 (11) | 0.34154 (9) | 0.42814 (9) | 0.0238 (3) | |
C14 | 0.82859 (14) | 0.33631 (11) | 0.70797 (11) | 0.0398 (4) | |
H14A | 0.846997 | 0.394234 | 0.729895 | 0.060* | |
H14B | 0.900037 | 0.305244 | 0.694236 | 0.060* | |
H14C | 0.785419 | 0.307648 | 0.763184 | 0.060* | |
C15 | 0.76172 (14) | 0.17752 (9) | 0.60460 (11) | 0.0367 (4) | |
H15A | 0.729041 | 0.131482 | 0.562831 | 0.055* | |
H15B | 0.735262 | 0.172194 | 0.676654 | 0.055* | |
H15C | 0.845931 | 0.174242 | 0.602613 | 0.055* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0268 (6) | 0.0259 (7) | 0.0237 (5) | −0.0006 (6) | −0.0010 (5) | 0.0007 (5) |
N2 | 0.0279 (6) | 0.0280 (7) | 0.0235 (6) | −0.0014 (6) | −0.0026 (5) | 0.0015 (5) |
N3 | 0.0279 (6) | 0.0277 (7) | 0.0201 (5) | 0.0003 (6) | −0.0001 (5) | 0.0010 (5) |
C1 | 0.0211 (7) | 0.0255 (9) | 0.0213 (6) | −0.0007 (6) | 0.0018 (6) | −0.0005 (5) |
C2 | 0.0209 (7) | 0.0265 (8) | 0.0201 (6) | 0.0010 (7) | 0.0028 (6) | 0.0001 (6) |
C3 | 0.0224 (7) | 0.0259 (8) | 0.0191 (6) | 0.0008 (6) | 0.0034 (6) | 0.0006 (5) |
C4 | 0.0225 (7) | 0.0271 (9) | 0.0244 (7) | −0.0003 (7) | 0.0010 (6) | 0.0011 (6) |
C5 | 0.0274 (8) | 0.0313 (9) | 0.0262 (7) | −0.0004 (7) | −0.0058 (6) | −0.0017 (6) |
C6 | 0.0311 (8) | 0.0272 (9) | 0.0360 (8) | −0.0017 (7) | −0.0061 (6) | −0.0015 (6) |
C7 | 0.0685 (13) | 0.0294 (10) | 0.0526 (9) | 0.0004 (9) | −0.0288 (9) | −0.0037 (8) |
C8 | 0.0236 (8) | 0.0277 (9) | 0.0225 (7) | 0.0009 (6) | 0.0014 (6) | 0.0025 (6) |
C9 | 0.0311 (9) | 0.0301 (9) | 0.0254 (7) | −0.0031 (7) | −0.0033 (6) | −0.0006 (6) |
C10 | 0.0267 (8) | 0.0323 (9) | 0.0253 (6) | −0.0006 (7) | −0.0011 (6) | 0.0061 (6) |
C11 | 0.0261 (8) | 0.0287 (9) | 0.0252 (7) | 0.0031 (6) | 0.0044 (6) | 0.0049 (6) |
C12 | 0.0306 (8) | 0.0257 (8) | 0.0246 (7) | 0.0003 (6) | 0.0025 (6) | −0.0011 (5) |
C13 | 0.0238 (7) | 0.0277 (8) | 0.0198 (6) | 0.0012 (7) | 0.0027 (5) | 0.0010 (6) |
C14 | 0.0426 (9) | 0.0399 (10) | 0.0370 (8) | −0.0030 (8) | −0.0141 (7) | 0.0061 (7) |
C15 | 0.0385 (10) | 0.0365 (10) | 0.0350 (8) | 0.0033 (8) | −0.0042 (7) | 0.0063 (6) |
N1—C1 | 1.3248 (17) | C7—H7C | 0.9800 |
N1—C4 | 1.3571 (18) | C8—C13 | 1.4181 (19) |
N2—C2 | 1.3374 (15) | C8—C9 | 1.4205 (19) |
N2—C8 | 1.3541 (18) | C9—C10 | 1.368 (2) |
N3—C3 | 1.3270 (17) | C9—H9 | 0.9500 |
N3—C13 | 1.3568 (16) | C10—C11 | 1.434 (2) |
C1—C1i | 1.441 (3) | C10—C14 | 1.5115 (19) |
C1—C2 | 1.4709 (19) | C11—C12 | 1.3703 (19) |
C2—C3 | 1.4203 (19) | C11—C15 | 1.4990 (19) |
C3—C3i | 1.479 (3) | C12—C13 | 1.4115 (19) |
C4—C5 | 1.412 (2) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C4—C4i | 1.424 (3) | C14—H14A | 0.9800 |
C5—C6 | 1.361 (2) | C14—H14B | 0.9800 |
C5—H5 | 0.9500 | C14—H14C | 0.9800 |
C6—C6i | 1.445 (3) | C15—H15A | 0.9800 |
C6—C7 | 1.507 (2) | C15—H15B | 0.9800 |
C7—H7A | 0.9800 | C15—H15C | 0.9800 |
C7—H7B | 0.9800 | ||
C1—N1—C4 | 116.83 (11) | C13—C8—C9 | 118.20 (12) |
C2—N2—C8 | 116.65 (12) | C10—C9—C8 | 121.58 (14) |
C3—N3—C13 | 116.47 (12) | C10—C9—H9 | 119.2 |
N1—C1—C1i | 121.77 (8) | C8—C9—H9 | 119.2 |
N1—C1—C2 | 118.16 (12) | C9—C10—C11 | 120.03 (12) |
C1i—C1—C2 | 120.07 (7) | C9—C10—C14 | 120.74 (14) |
N2—C2—C3 | 121.48 (13) | C11—C10—C14 | 119.24 (13) |
N2—C2—C1 | 118.97 (13) | C12—C11—C10 | 119.02 (13) |
C3—C2—C1 | 119.55 (11) | C12—C11—C15 | 120.17 (13) |
N3—C3—C2 | 122.52 (12) | C10—C11—C15 | 120.81 (12) |
N3—C3—C3i | 117.11 (7) | C11—C12—C13 | 121.71 (13) |
C2—C3—C3i | 120.37 (8) | C11—C12—H12 | 119.1 |
N1—C4—C5 | 119.83 (12) | C13—C12—H12 | 119.1 |
N1—C4—C4i | 121.37 (7) | N3—C13—C12 | 119.18 (13) |
C5—C4—C4i | 118.80 (8) | N3—C13—C8 | 121.36 (12) |
C6—C5—C4 | 121.70 (12) | C12—C13—C8 | 119.45 (11) |
C6—C5—H5 | 119.1 | C10—C14—H14A | 109.5 |
C4—C5—H5 | 119.1 | C10—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C5—C6—C6i | 119.44 (8) | H14A—C14—H14B | 109.5 |
C5—C6—C7 | 120.19 (13) | C10—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C6i—C6—C7 | 120.36 (9) | H14A—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C6—C7—H7A | 109.5 | H14B—C14—H14C | 109.5 |
C6—C7—H7B | 109.5 | C11—C15—H15A | 109.5 |
H7A—C7—H7B | 109.5 | C11—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
C6—C7—H7C | 109.5 | H15A—C15—H15B | 109.5 |
H7A—C7—H7C | 109.5 | C11—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
H7B—C7—H7C | 109.5 | H15A—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
N2—C8—C13 | 121.52 (12) | H15B—C15—H15C | 109.5 |
N2—C8—C9 | 120.27 (13) | ||
C4—N1—C1—C1i | −1.1 (2) | C2—N2—C8—C13 | 0.12 (18) |
C4—N1—C1—C2 | 179.08 (13) | C2—N2—C8—C9 | 178.97 (12) |
C8—N2—C2—C3 | −0.44 (17) | N2—C8—C9—C10 | −178.02 (13) |
C8—N2—C2—C1 | 179.87 (12) | C13—C8—C9—C10 | 0.9 (2) |
N1—C1—C2—N2 | −1.96 (18) | C8—C9—C10—C11 | −0.5 (2) |
C1i—C1—C2—N2 | 178.26 (15) | C8—C9—C10—C14 | 179.46 (14) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 178.35 (13) | C9—C10—C11—C12 | −0.7 (2) |
C1i—C1—C2—C3 | −1.4 (2) | C14—C10—C11—C12 | 179.35 (13) |
C13—N3—C3—C2 | −0.70 (18) | C9—C10—C11—C15 | 178.43 (14) |
C13—N3—C3—C3i | 179.36 (15) | C14—C10—C11—C15 | −1.56 (19) |
N2—C2—C3—N3 | 0.77 (19) | C10—C11—C12—C13 | 1.5 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—N3 | −179.54 (13) | C15—C11—C12—C13 | −177.59 (13) |
N2—C2—C3—C3i | −179.28 (15) | C3—N3—C13—C12 | −178.55 (12) |
C1—C2—C3—C3i | 0.4 (2) | C3—N3—C13—C8 | 0.36 (17) |
C1—N1—C4—C5 | 178.39 (14) | C11—C12—C13—N3 | 177.78 (13) |
C1—N1—C4—C4i | −1.1 (2) | C11—C12—C13—C8 | −1.2 (2) |
N1—C4—C5—C6 | 178.74 (15) | N2—C8—C13—N3 | −0.1 (2) |
C4i—C4—C5—C6 | −1.7 (2) | C9—C8—C13—N3 | −178.96 (13) |
C4—C5—C6—C6i | −1.5 (3) | N2—C8—C13—C12 | 178.83 (14) |
C4—C5—C6—C7 | 179.25 (15) | C9—C8—C13—C12 | −0.04 (18) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+1, y, −z+1/2. |
C60H36N6·2CH2Cl2 | Z = 2 |
Mr = 1010.80 | F(000) = 1044 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.364 Mg m−3 |
a = 9.2629 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 16.3829 (6) Å | Cell parameters from 9893 reflections |
c = 18.4366 (6) Å | θ = 2.3–30.0° |
α = 64.2659 (13)° | µ = 0.29 mm−1 |
β = 78.2616 (15)° | T = 100 K |
γ = 88.3530 (17)° | Block, yellow |
V = 2461.98 (16) Å3 | 0.30 × 0.12 × 0.10 mm |
Bruker APEX-II CCD diffractometer | 11804 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Radiation source: sealed tube | Rint = 0.043 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 1.4° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Krause et al., 2015) | h = −13→13 |
Tmin = 0.970, Tmax = 1.000 | k = −23→23 |
87137 measured reflections | l = −25→25 |
14377 independent reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.039 | Hydrogen site location: difference Fourier map |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.02 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.050P)2 + 1.2P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
14377 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
649 parameters | Δρmax = 0.84 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.84 e Å−3 |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.11926 (11) | 0.44967 (7) | 0.60814 (6) | 0.01193 (18) | |
N2 | 0.18060 (11) | 0.60400 (7) | 0.45277 (6) | 0.01252 (19) | |
N3 | 0.41523 (11) | 0.61360 (7) | 0.33603 (6) | 0.01264 (19) | |
N4 | 0.59471 (11) | 0.46401 (7) | 0.36209 (6) | 0.01232 (19) | |
N5 | 0.53889 (11) | 0.31547 (7) | 0.51241 (6) | 0.01196 (18) | |
N6 | 0.27642 (11) | 0.29872 (7) | 0.62955 (6) | 0.01280 (19) | |
C1 | 0.22651 (12) | 0.45307 (8) | 0.54672 (7) | 0.0107 (2) | |
C2 | 0.25958 (12) | 0.53194 (8) | 0.46923 (7) | 0.0111 (2) | |
C3 | 0.38735 (12) | 0.53672 (8) | 0.40497 (7) | 0.0110 (2) | |
C4 | 0.47903 (12) | 0.46219 (8) | 0.41903 (7) | 0.0109 (2) | |
C5 | 0.44562 (13) | 0.38091 (8) | 0.49903 (7) | 0.0110 (2) | |
C6 | 0.31672 (12) | 0.37406 (8) | 0.55998 (7) | 0.0113 (2) | |
C7 | 0.04205 (13) | 0.52505 (8) | 0.59315 (7) | 0.0116 (2) | |
C8 | −0.06780 (13) | 0.53019 (8) | 0.65653 (7) | 0.0132 (2) | |
H8 | −0.088884 | 0.479364 | 0.709104 | 0.016* | |
C9 | −0.14549 (13) | 0.60696 (8) | 0.64431 (7) | 0.0128 (2) | |
C10 | −0.12054 (13) | 0.68304 (8) | 0.56292 (7) | 0.0128 (2) | |
C11 | −0.01485 (13) | 0.67705 (8) | 0.50117 (7) | 0.0142 (2) | |
H11 | 0.000554 | 0.725739 | 0.447369 | 0.017* | |
C12 | 0.07124 (13) | 0.60140 (8) | 0.51484 (7) | 0.0122 (2) | |
C13 | −0.24727 (13) | 0.60780 (8) | 0.71806 (7) | 0.0140 (2) | |
C14 | −0.34319 (14) | 0.53190 (9) | 0.77210 (8) | 0.0175 (2) | |
H14 | −0.344709 | 0.480483 | 0.761037 | 0.021* | |
C15 | −0.43664 (15) | 0.53104 (10) | 0.84210 (8) | 0.0229 (3) | |
H15 | −0.502156 | 0.479426 | 0.878182 | 0.028* | |
C16 | −0.43391 (16) | 0.60558 (11) | 0.85904 (9) | 0.0244 (3) | |
H16 | −0.497906 | 0.605196 | 0.906536 | 0.029* | |
C17 | −0.33734 (16) | 0.68085 (10) | 0.80636 (9) | 0.0233 (3) | |
H17 | −0.334699 | 0.731629 | 0.818261 | 0.028* | |
C18 | −0.24461 (15) | 0.68200 (9) | 0.73633 (8) | 0.0181 (2) | |
H18 | −0.178930 | 0.733655 | 0.700611 | 0.022* | |
C19 | −0.20291 (13) | 0.76731 (8) | 0.53886 (7) | 0.0139 (2) | |
C20 | −0.35316 (14) | 0.76736 (9) | 0.57128 (8) | 0.0161 (2) | |
H20 | −0.404730 | 0.713178 | 0.614174 | 0.019* | |
C21 | −0.42778 (14) | 0.84646 (9) | 0.54103 (8) | 0.0185 (2) | |
H21 | −0.529303 | 0.845922 | 0.564415 | 0.022* | |
C22 | −0.35570 (15) | 0.92581 (9) | 0.47732 (8) | 0.0197 (3) | |
H22 | −0.408316 | 0.978749 | 0.455846 | 0.024* | |
C23 | −0.20617 (15) | 0.92744 (9) | 0.44508 (8) | 0.0193 (2) | |
H23 | −0.155738 | 0.981790 | 0.401845 | 0.023* | |
C24 | −0.13024 (14) | 0.84933 (9) | 0.47618 (8) | 0.0172 (2) | |
H24 | −0.027381 | 0.851395 | 0.454697 | 0.021* | |
C25 | 0.53512 (13) | 0.61711 (8) | 0.27859 (7) | 0.0127 (2) | |
C26 | 0.57330 (13) | 0.69798 (8) | 0.20488 (7) | 0.0144 (2) | |
H26 | 0.516697 | 0.749110 | 0.198040 | 0.017* | |
C27 | 0.69015 (13) | 0.70462 (8) | 0.14283 (7) | 0.0134 (2) | |
C28 | 0.77379 (13) | 0.62586 (8) | 0.15212 (7) | 0.0136 (2) | |
C29 | 0.74119 (13) | 0.54812 (8) | 0.22552 (7) | 0.0145 (2) | |
H29 | 0.799147 | 0.497494 | 0.232495 | 0.017* | |
C30 | 0.62378 (13) | 0.54171 (8) | 0.29071 (7) | 0.0124 (2) | |
C31 | 0.72725 (13) | 0.79506 (8) | 0.07089 (7) | 0.0135 (2) | |
C32 | 0.61387 (14) | 0.84510 (9) | 0.03578 (8) | 0.0161 (2) | |
H32 | 0.515374 | 0.818781 | 0.054791 | 0.019* | |
C33 | 0.64453 (15) | 0.93319 (9) | −0.02681 (8) | 0.0183 (2) | |
H33 | 0.566824 | 0.966807 | −0.050029 | 0.022* | |
C34 | 0.78795 (15) | 0.97199 (9) | −0.05534 (8) | 0.0184 (2) | |
H34 | 0.808594 | 1.032244 | −0.097779 | 0.022* | |
C35 | 0.90129 (15) | 0.92247 (9) | −0.02165 (8) | 0.0186 (2) | |
H35 | 0.999785 | 0.948852 | −0.041568 | 0.022* | |
C36 | 0.87189 (14) | 0.83442 (9) | 0.04111 (8) | 0.0168 (2) | |
H36 | 0.950247 | 0.801027 | 0.063748 | 0.020* | |
C37 | 0.88799 (14) | 0.62319 (8) | 0.08340 (7) | 0.0145 (2) | |
C38 | 0.86264 (15) | 0.65702 (9) | 0.00340 (8) | 0.0192 (2) | |
H38 | 0.774443 | 0.686153 | −0.008436 | 0.023* | |
C39 | 0.96540 (16) | 0.64836 (10) | −0.05883 (8) | 0.0222 (3) | |
H39 | 0.946888 | 0.671517 | −0.112837 | 0.027* | |
C40 | 1.09477 (16) | 0.60612 (9) | −0.04259 (9) | 0.0226 (3) | |
H40 | 1.164511 | 0.600156 | −0.085274 | 0.027* | |
C41 | 1.12205 (15) | 0.57251 (9) | 0.03644 (9) | 0.0206 (3) | |
H41 | 1.210638 | 0.543670 | 0.047843 | 0.025* | |
C42 | 1.01925 (14) | 0.58124 (9) | 0.09874 (8) | 0.0172 (2) | |
H42 | 1.038596 | 0.558314 | 0.152556 | 0.021* | |
C43 | 0.50237 (13) | 0.23986 (8) | 0.58462 (7) | 0.0120 (2) | |
C44 | 0.59874 (13) | 0.16847 (8) | 0.60277 (7) | 0.0136 (2) | |
H44 | 0.691680 | 0.176693 | 0.566382 | 0.016* | |
C45 | 0.56063 (13) | 0.08732 (8) | 0.67207 (7) | 0.0127 (2) | |
C46 | 0.41889 (13) | 0.07453 (8) | 0.72707 (7) | 0.0132 (2) | |
C47 | 0.32768 (13) | 0.14531 (8) | 0.71244 (7) | 0.0142 (2) | |
H47 | 0.236793 | 0.137546 | 0.750318 | 0.017* | |
C48 | 0.36715 (13) | 0.22959 (8) | 0.64178 (7) | 0.0126 (2) | |
C49 | 0.67019 (13) | 0.01680 (8) | 0.68874 (7) | 0.0133 (2) | |
C50 | 0.74324 (14) | −0.00492 (9) | 0.62584 (8) | 0.0165 (2) | |
H50 | 0.717486 | 0.022263 | 0.573447 | 0.020* | |
C51 | 0.85324 (15) | −0.06598 (9) | 0.63947 (8) | 0.0197 (3) | |
H51 | 0.901409 | −0.080790 | 0.596500 | 0.024* | |
C52 | 0.89332 (15) | −0.10554 (9) | 0.71539 (8) | 0.0198 (3) | |
H52 | 0.970025 | −0.146296 | 0.724094 | 0.024* | |
C53 | 0.82030 (15) | −0.08504 (9) | 0.77862 (8) | 0.0189 (2) | |
H53 | 0.846503 | −0.112295 | 0.830896 | 0.023* | |
C54 | 0.70939 (14) | −0.02491 (9) | 0.76543 (8) | 0.0162 (2) | |
H54 | 0.659286 | −0.011860 | 0.809141 | 0.019* | |
C55 | 0.36807 (13) | −0.01519 (8) | 0.79842 (7) | 0.0143 (2) | |
C56 | 0.36616 (16) | −0.09418 (9) | 0.78719 (8) | 0.0212 (3) | |
H56 | 0.397645 | −0.090807 | 0.733542 | 0.025* | |
C57 | 0.31856 (18) | −0.17757 (9) | 0.85392 (9) | 0.0259 (3) | |
H57 | 0.316230 | −0.230743 | 0.845538 | 0.031* | |
C58 | 0.27434 (16) | −0.18366 (9) | 0.93285 (9) | 0.0226 (3) | |
H58 | 0.243054 | −0.240893 | 0.978501 | 0.027* | |
C59 | 0.27614 (15) | −0.10594 (9) | 0.94456 (8) | 0.0184 (2) | |
H59 | 0.246541 | −0.109943 | 0.998515 | 0.022* | |
C60 | 0.32114 (14) | −0.02160 (8) | 0.87767 (8) | 0.0153 (2) | |
H60 | 0.319801 | 0.031642 | 0.886143 | 0.018* | |
Cl1 | 0.11062 (5) | 0.83590 (3) | 0.26669 (2) | 0.03512 (10) | |
Cl2 | 0.17654 (4) | 0.72871 (3) | 0.17281 (2) | 0.02962 (9) | |
C61 | 0.10609 (16) | 0.72602 (9) | 0.27127 (8) | 0.0218 (3) | |
H61A | 0.002980 | 0.699304 | 0.291784 | 0.026* | |
H61B | 0.165617 | 0.686843 | 0.310597 | 0.026* | |
Cl3 | 0.70558 (5) | 0.30628 (3) | 0.27367 (2) | 0.03072 (9) | |
Cl4 | 0.84801 (4) | 0.18745 (2) | 0.40649 (2) | 0.02374 (8) | |
C62 | 0.78838 (16) | 0.29773 (9) | 0.35492 (9) | 0.0208 (3) | |
H62A | 0.716264 | 0.311995 | 0.394731 | 0.025* | |
H62B | 0.874064 | 0.342747 | 0.332468 | 0.025* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0112 (4) | 0.0113 (4) | 0.0130 (4) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0023 (4) | −0.0051 (4) |
N2 | 0.0130 (4) | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0124 (4) | 0.0027 (4) | −0.0030 (4) | −0.0051 (4) |
N3 | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0116 (5) | 0.0116 (4) | 0.0015 (4) | −0.0019 (4) | −0.0044 (4) |
N4 | 0.0124 (4) | 0.0119 (5) | 0.0112 (4) | 0.0011 (4) | −0.0016 (4) | −0.0041 (4) |
N5 | 0.0127 (4) | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0111 (4) | 0.0017 (4) | −0.0029 (4) | −0.0040 (4) |
N6 | 0.0127 (4) | 0.0119 (5) | 0.0120 (4) | 0.0020 (4) | −0.0020 (4) | −0.0040 (4) |
C1 | 0.0102 (5) | 0.0105 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0010 (4) | −0.0033 (4) | −0.0046 (4) |
C2 | 0.0110 (5) | 0.0108 (5) | 0.0114 (5) | 0.0011 (4) | −0.0026 (4) | −0.0047 (4) |
C3 | 0.0106 (5) | 0.0109 (5) | 0.0110 (5) | 0.0006 (4) | −0.0022 (4) | −0.0043 (4) |
C4 | 0.0110 (5) | 0.0107 (5) | 0.0108 (5) | 0.0008 (4) | −0.0025 (4) | −0.0043 (4) |
C5 | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0102 (5) | 0.0005 (4) | −0.0021 (4) | −0.0044 (4) |
C6 | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0110 (5) | 0.0115 (5) | 0.0013 (4) | −0.0031 (4) | −0.0046 (4) |
C7 | 0.0113 (5) | 0.0113 (5) | 0.0122 (5) | 0.0009 (4) | −0.0024 (4) | −0.0051 (4) |
C8 | 0.0128 (5) | 0.0128 (5) | 0.0127 (5) | 0.0003 (4) | −0.0015 (4) | −0.0048 (4) |
C9 | 0.0111 (5) | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0004 (4) | −0.0018 (4) | −0.0070 (4) |
C10 | 0.0122 (5) | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0150 (5) | 0.0021 (4) | −0.0034 (4) | −0.0064 (4) |
C11 | 0.0150 (5) | 0.0128 (5) | 0.0132 (5) | 0.0034 (4) | −0.0035 (4) | −0.0042 (4) |
C12 | 0.0122 (5) | 0.0121 (5) | 0.0121 (5) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0032 (4) | −0.0049 (4) |
C13 | 0.0123 (5) | 0.0162 (6) | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0032 (4) | −0.0038 (4) | −0.0069 (5) |
C14 | 0.0157 (6) | 0.0183 (6) | 0.0179 (6) | 0.0006 (5) | −0.0021 (5) | −0.0079 (5) |
C15 | 0.0184 (6) | 0.0267 (7) | 0.0185 (6) | −0.0012 (5) | 0.0012 (5) | −0.0072 (5) |
C16 | 0.0208 (6) | 0.0340 (8) | 0.0176 (6) | 0.0055 (6) | 0.0006 (5) | −0.0129 (6) |
C17 | 0.0267 (7) | 0.0270 (7) | 0.0212 (6) | 0.0066 (6) | −0.0037 (5) | −0.0160 (6) |
C18 | 0.0190 (6) | 0.0181 (6) | 0.0174 (6) | 0.0019 (5) | −0.0021 (5) | −0.0089 (5) |
C19 | 0.0152 (5) | 0.0140 (5) | 0.0146 (5) | 0.0040 (4) | −0.0051 (4) | −0.0075 (5) |
C20 | 0.0152 (5) | 0.0163 (6) | 0.0190 (6) | 0.0027 (4) | −0.0039 (5) | −0.0098 (5) |
C21 | 0.0140 (5) | 0.0202 (6) | 0.0252 (6) | 0.0056 (5) | −0.0055 (5) | −0.0132 (5) |
C22 | 0.0216 (6) | 0.0173 (6) | 0.0236 (6) | 0.0089 (5) | −0.0095 (5) | −0.0104 (5) |
C23 | 0.0228 (6) | 0.0140 (6) | 0.0185 (6) | 0.0033 (5) | −0.0044 (5) | −0.0048 (5) |
C24 | 0.0158 (6) | 0.0175 (6) | 0.0178 (6) | 0.0037 (5) | −0.0022 (5) | −0.0080 (5) |
C25 | 0.0127 (5) | 0.0127 (5) | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0010 (4) | −0.0023 (4) | −0.0048 (4) |
C26 | 0.0150 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0138 (5) | 0.0025 (4) | −0.0031 (4) | −0.0032 (4) |
C27 | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0125 (5) | 0.0121 (5) | 0.0011 (4) | −0.0031 (4) | −0.0032 (4) |
C28 | 0.0129 (5) | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0007 (4) | −0.0015 (4) | −0.0044 (4) |
C29 | 0.0142 (5) | 0.0128 (5) | 0.0139 (5) | 0.0028 (4) | −0.0012 (4) | −0.0043 (4) |
C30 | 0.0131 (5) | 0.0114 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0010 (4) | −0.0026 (4) | −0.0041 (4) |
C31 | 0.0153 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0108 (5) | 0.0008 (4) | −0.0014 (4) | −0.0030 (4) |
C32 | 0.0140 (5) | 0.0176 (6) | 0.0137 (5) | 0.0018 (4) | −0.0018 (4) | −0.0046 (5) |
C33 | 0.0222 (6) | 0.0172 (6) | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0059 (5) | −0.0049 (5) | −0.0046 (5) |
C34 | 0.0265 (7) | 0.0135 (6) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0006 (5) | −0.0018 (5) | −0.0033 (5) |
C35 | 0.0179 (6) | 0.0164 (6) | 0.0171 (6) | −0.0037 (5) | 0.0008 (5) | −0.0051 (5) |
C36 | 0.0155 (6) | 0.0153 (6) | 0.0169 (6) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0032 (5) | −0.0047 (5) |
C37 | 0.0158 (5) | 0.0126 (5) | 0.0122 (5) | −0.0013 (4) | 0.0007 (4) | −0.0043 (4) |
C38 | 0.0226 (6) | 0.0170 (6) | 0.0150 (6) | 0.0012 (5) | −0.0023 (5) | −0.0052 (5) |
C39 | 0.0304 (7) | 0.0204 (6) | 0.0127 (6) | −0.0022 (5) | 0.0003 (5) | −0.0063 (5) |
C40 | 0.0258 (7) | 0.0195 (6) | 0.0197 (6) | −0.0052 (5) | 0.0071 (5) | −0.0108 (5) |
C41 | 0.0176 (6) | 0.0182 (6) | 0.0236 (6) | −0.0008 (5) | 0.0026 (5) | −0.0098 (5) |
C42 | 0.0177 (6) | 0.0158 (6) | 0.0154 (6) | 0.0005 (5) | −0.0008 (5) | −0.0054 (5) |
C43 | 0.0136 (5) | 0.0116 (5) | 0.0104 (5) | 0.0013 (4) | −0.0021 (4) | −0.0048 (4) |
C44 | 0.0137 (5) | 0.0138 (5) | 0.0122 (5) | 0.0032 (4) | −0.0017 (4) | −0.0052 (4) |
C45 | 0.0148 (5) | 0.0125 (5) | 0.0112 (5) | 0.0032 (4) | −0.0031 (4) | −0.0055 (4) |
C46 | 0.0156 (5) | 0.0116 (5) | 0.0113 (5) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0027 (4) | −0.0041 (4) |
C47 | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0130 (5) | 0.0122 (5) | 0.0013 (4) | −0.0006 (4) | −0.0035 (4) |
C48 | 0.0129 (5) | 0.0120 (5) | 0.0121 (5) | 0.0014 (4) | −0.0025 (4) | −0.0046 (4) |
C49 | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0102 (5) | 0.0134 (5) | 0.0018 (4) | −0.0024 (4) | −0.0035 (4) |
C50 | 0.0197 (6) | 0.0153 (6) | 0.0144 (5) | 0.0038 (5) | −0.0033 (5) | −0.0067 (5) |
C51 | 0.0227 (6) | 0.0182 (6) | 0.0196 (6) | 0.0066 (5) | −0.0030 (5) | −0.0105 (5) |
C52 | 0.0206 (6) | 0.0162 (6) | 0.0233 (6) | 0.0073 (5) | −0.0063 (5) | −0.0090 (5) |
C53 | 0.0228 (6) | 0.0162 (6) | 0.0172 (6) | 0.0062 (5) | −0.0079 (5) | −0.0056 (5) |
C54 | 0.0189 (6) | 0.0151 (6) | 0.0144 (5) | 0.0044 (5) | −0.0035 (5) | −0.0065 (5) |
C55 | 0.0143 (5) | 0.0117 (5) | 0.0135 (5) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0022 (4) | −0.0028 (4) |
C56 | 0.0297 (7) | 0.0156 (6) | 0.0164 (6) | −0.0010 (5) | −0.0013 (5) | −0.0066 (5) |
C57 | 0.0372 (8) | 0.0130 (6) | 0.0238 (7) | −0.0034 (6) | −0.0002 (6) | −0.0073 (5) |
C58 | 0.0266 (7) | 0.0133 (6) | 0.0200 (6) | −0.0026 (5) | −0.0006 (5) | −0.0015 (5) |
C59 | 0.0193 (6) | 0.0169 (6) | 0.0137 (5) | 0.0003 (5) | 0.0000 (5) | −0.0033 (5) |
C60 | 0.0153 (5) | 0.0136 (5) | 0.0147 (5) | 0.0012 (4) | −0.0015 (4) | −0.0048 (5) |
Cl1 | 0.0569 (3) | 0.01799 (17) | 0.02317 (17) | −0.00789 (16) | −0.00341 (17) | −0.00389 (14) |
Cl2 | 0.03465 (19) | 0.0337 (2) | 0.01836 (16) | 0.00290 (15) | −0.00656 (14) | −0.00909 (14) |
C61 | 0.0273 (7) | 0.0158 (6) | 0.0156 (6) | −0.0027 (5) | −0.0028 (5) | −0.0013 (5) |
Cl3 | 0.0449 (2) | 0.02792 (18) | 0.01921 (16) | −0.00109 (16) | −0.01175 (15) | −0.00788 (14) |
Cl4 | 0.02025 (15) | 0.02240 (16) | 0.02590 (16) | 0.00880 (12) | −0.00300 (12) | −0.00941 (13) |
C62 | 0.0233 (6) | 0.0187 (6) | 0.0233 (6) | 0.0049 (5) | −0.0087 (5) | −0.0106 (5) |
N1—C1 | 1.3278 (15) | C31—C32 | 1.4001 (17) |
N1—C7 | 1.3588 (15) | C32—C33 | 1.3925 (18) |
N2—C2 | 1.3231 (15) | C32—H32 | 0.9500 |
N2—C12 | 1.3513 (15) | C33—C34 | 1.3854 (19) |
N3—C3 | 1.3279 (15) | C33—H33 | 0.9500 |
N3—C25 | 1.3529 (15) | C34—C35 | 1.3875 (19) |
N4—C4 | 1.3296 (15) | C34—H34 | 0.9500 |
N4—C30 | 1.3585 (15) | C35—C36 | 1.3923 (18) |
N5—C5 | 1.3268 (15) | C35—H35 | 0.9500 |
N5—C43 | 1.3528 (15) | C36—H36 | 0.9500 |
N6—C6 | 1.3286 (15) | C37—C42 | 1.3978 (18) |
N6—C48 | 1.3567 (15) | C37—C38 | 1.4004 (17) |
C1—C2 | 1.4305 (16) | C38—C39 | 1.3899 (18) |
C1—C6 | 1.4763 (16) | C38—H38 | 0.9500 |
C2—C3 | 1.4713 (16) | C39—C40 | 1.387 (2) |
C3—C4 | 1.4263 (16) | C39—H39 | 0.9500 |
C4—C5 | 1.4755 (16) | C40—C41 | 1.391 (2) |
C5—C6 | 1.4328 (16) | C40—H40 | 0.9500 |
C7—C8 | 1.4159 (16) | C41—C42 | 1.3915 (18) |
C7—C12 | 1.4192 (16) | C41—H41 | 0.9500 |
C8—C9 | 1.3851 (16) | C42—H42 | 0.9500 |
C8—H8 | 0.9500 | C43—C44 | 1.4136 (16) |
C9—C10 | 1.4526 (17) | C43—C48 | 1.4244 (16) |
C9—C13 | 1.4939 (16) | C44—C45 | 1.3759 (17) |
C10—C11 | 1.3792 (16) | C44—H44 | 0.9500 |
C10—C19 | 1.4934 (16) | C45—C46 | 1.4440 (16) |
C11—C12 | 1.4103 (16) | C45—C49 | 1.4868 (16) |
C11—H11 | 0.9500 | C46—C47 | 1.3770 (17) |
C13—C18 | 1.3973 (17) | C46—C55 | 1.4905 (16) |
C13—C14 | 1.3984 (18) | C47—C48 | 1.4179 (16) |
C14—C15 | 1.3948 (18) | C47—H47 | 0.9500 |
C14—H14 | 0.9500 | C49—C54 | 1.3977 (17) |
C15—C16 | 1.388 (2) | C49—C50 | 1.3979 (17) |
C15—H15 | 0.9500 | C50—C51 | 1.3891 (18) |
C16—C17 | 1.391 (2) | C50—H50 | 0.9500 |
C16—H16 | 0.9500 | C51—C52 | 1.3880 (19) |
C17—C18 | 1.3907 (18) | C51—H51 | 0.9500 |
C17—H17 | 0.9500 | C52—C53 | 1.3911 (19) |
C18—H18 | 0.9500 | C52—H52 | 0.9500 |
C19—C20 | 1.3987 (17) | C53—C54 | 1.3858 (17) |
C19—C24 | 1.4075 (18) | C53—H53 | 0.9500 |
C20—C21 | 1.3949 (17) | C54—H54 | 0.9500 |
C20—H20 | 0.9500 | C55—C60 | 1.3949 (17) |
C21—C22 | 1.386 (2) | C55—C56 | 1.3976 (18) |
C21—H21 | 0.9500 | C56—C57 | 1.3889 (19) |
C22—C23 | 1.3877 (19) | C56—H56 | 0.9500 |
C22—H22 | 0.9500 | C57—C58 | 1.389 (2) |
C23—C24 | 1.3915 (18) | C57—H57 | 0.9500 |
C23—H23 | 0.9500 | C58—C59 | 1.3818 (19) |
C24—H24 | 0.9500 | C58—H58 | 0.9500 |
C25—C26 | 1.4124 (16) | C59—C60 | 1.3957 (17) |
C25—C30 | 1.4237 (16) | C59—H59 | 0.9500 |
C26—C27 | 1.3736 (17) | C60—H60 | 0.9500 |
C26—H26 | 0.9500 | Cl1—C61 | 1.7665 (14) |
C27—C28 | 1.4489 (17) | Cl2—C61 | 1.7812 (14) |
C27—C31 | 1.4865 (16) | C61—H61A | 0.9900 |
C28—C29 | 1.3798 (17) | C61—H61B | 0.9900 |
C28—C37 | 1.4920 (16) | Cl3—C62 | 1.7695 (14) |
C29—C30 | 1.4155 (16) | Cl4—C62 | 1.7713 (14) |
C29—H29 | 0.9500 | C62—H62A | 0.9900 |
C31—C36 | 1.3983 (17) | C62—H62B | 0.9900 |
C1—N1—C7 | 116.30 (10) | C33—C32—C31 | 120.44 (12) |
C2—N2—C12 | 116.39 (10) | C33—C32—H32 | 119.8 |
C3—N3—C25 | 116.16 (10) | C31—C32—H32 | 119.8 |
C4—N4—C30 | 116.49 (10) | C34—C33—C32 | 120.24 (12) |
C5—N5—C43 | 116.77 (10) | C34—C33—H33 | 119.9 |
C6—N6—C48 | 116.57 (10) | C32—C33—H33 | 119.9 |
N1—C1—C2 | 121.85 (10) | C33—C34—C35 | 119.71 (12) |
N1—C1—C6 | 118.82 (10) | C33—C34—H34 | 120.1 |
C2—C1—C6 | 119.30 (10) | C35—C34—H34 | 120.1 |
N2—C2—C1 | 122.22 (10) | C34—C35—C36 | 120.55 (12) |
N2—C2—C3 | 117.20 (10) | C34—C35—H35 | 119.7 |
C1—C2—C3 | 120.56 (10) | C36—C35—H35 | 119.7 |
N3—C3—C4 | 122.47 (10) | C35—C36—C31 | 120.13 (12) |
N3—C3—C2 | 117.23 (10) | C35—C36—H36 | 119.9 |
C4—C3—C2 | 120.26 (10) | C31—C36—H36 | 119.9 |
N4—C4—C3 | 121.81 (10) | C42—C37—C38 | 118.35 (11) |
N4—C4—C5 | 118.87 (10) | C42—C37—C28 | 120.41 (11) |
C3—C4—C5 | 119.32 (10) | C38—C37—C28 | 121.10 (11) |
N5—C5—C6 | 121.65 (10) | C39—C38—C37 | 120.58 (13) |
N5—C5—C4 | 117.87 (10) | C39—C38—H38 | 119.7 |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.48 (10) | C37—C38—H38 | 119.7 |
N6—C6—C5 | 121.95 (10) | C40—C39—C38 | 120.43 (13) |
N6—C6—C1 | 118.34 (10) | C40—C39—H39 | 119.8 |
C5—C6—C1 | 119.70 (10) | C38—C39—H39 | 119.8 |
N1—C7—C8 | 120.43 (11) | C39—C40—C41 | 119.76 (12) |
N1—C7—C12 | 121.41 (10) | C39—C40—H40 | 120.1 |
C8—C7—C12 | 118.14 (10) | C41—C40—H40 | 120.1 |
C9—C8—C7 | 122.09 (11) | C40—C41—C42 | 119.84 (13) |
C9—C8—H8 | 119.0 | C40—C41—H41 | 120.1 |
C7—C8—H8 | 119.0 | C42—C41—H41 | 120.1 |
C8—C9—C10 | 119.46 (10) | C41—C42—C37 | 121.05 (12) |
C8—C9—C13 | 117.04 (11) | C41—C42—H42 | 119.5 |
C10—C9—C13 | 123.45 (10) | C37—C42—H42 | 119.5 |
C11—C10—C9 | 118.05 (10) | N5—C43—C44 | 119.26 (10) |
C11—C10—C19 | 116.27 (11) | N5—C43—C48 | 121.46 (11) |
C9—C10—C19 | 125.65 (10) | C44—C43—C48 | 119.27 (11) |
C10—C11—C12 | 122.52 (11) | C45—C44—C43 | 121.32 (11) |
C10—C11—H11 | 118.7 | C45—C44—H44 | 119.3 |
C12—C11—H11 | 118.7 | C43—C44—H44 | 119.3 |
N2—C12—C11 | 118.80 (11) | C44—C45—C46 | 119.37 (11) |
N2—C12—C7 | 121.68 (11) | C44—C45—C49 | 118.20 (11) |
C11—C12—C7 | 119.51 (11) | C46—C45—C49 | 122.40 (10) |
C18—C13—C14 | 118.81 (11) | C47—C46—C45 | 119.76 (11) |
C18—C13—C9 | 121.17 (11) | C47—C46—C55 | 119.40 (11) |
C14—C13—C9 | 119.97 (11) | C45—C46—C55 | 120.83 (10) |
C15—C14—C13 | 120.58 (12) | C46—C47—C48 | 121.10 (11) |
C15—C14—H14 | 119.7 | C46—C47—H47 | 119.4 |
C13—C14—H14 | 119.7 | C48—C47—H47 | 119.4 |
C16—C15—C14 | 119.99 (13) | N6—C48—C47 | 119.90 (11) |
C16—C15—H15 | 120.0 | N6—C48—C43 | 121.16 (11) |
C14—C15—H15 | 120.0 | C47—C48—C43 | 118.94 (11) |
C15—C16—C17 | 119.89 (12) | C54—C49—C50 | 118.52 (11) |
C15—C16—H16 | 120.1 | C54—C49—C45 | 121.15 (11) |
C17—C16—H16 | 120.1 | C50—C49—C45 | 120.21 (11) |
C16—C17—C18 | 120.19 (13) | C51—C50—C49 | 120.42 (12) |
C16—C17—H17 | 119.9 | C51—C50—H50 | 119.8 |
C18—C17—H17 | 119.9 | C49—C50—H50 | 119.8 |
C17—C18—C13 | 120.53 (13) | C52—C51—C50 | 120.52 (12) |
C17—C18—H18 | 119.7 | C52—C51—H51 | 119.7 |
C13—C18—H18 | 119.7 | C50—C51—H51 | 119.7 |
C20—C19—C24 | 117.96 (11) | C51—C52—C53 | 119.49 (12) |
C20—C19—C10 | 122.87 (11) | C51—C52—H52 | 120.3 |
C24—C19—C10 | 118.98 (11) | C53—C52—H52 | 120.3 |
C21—C20—C19 | 120.42 (12) | C54—C53—C52 | 120.07 (12) |
C21—C20—H20 | 119.8 | C54—C53—H53 | 120.0 |
C19—C20—H20 | 119.8 | C52—C53—H53 | 120.0 |
C22—C21—C20 | 120.84 (12) | C53—C54—C49 | 120.96 (11) |
C22—C21—H21 | 119.6 | C53—C54—H54 | 119.5 |
C20—C21—H21 | 119.6 | C49—C54—H54 | 119.5 |
C21—C22—C23 | 119.57 (12) | C60—C55—C56 | 118.87 (11) |
C21—C22—H22 | 120.2 | C60—C55—C46 | 120.40 (11) |
C23—C22—H22 | 120.2 | C56—C55—C46 | 120.73 (11) |
C22—C23—C24 | 119.89 (12) | C57—C56—C55 | 120.45 (12) |
C22—C23—H23 | 120.1 | C57—C56—H56 | 119.8 |
C24—C23—H23 | 120.1 | C55—C56—H56 | 119.8 |
C23—C24—C19 | 121.27 (12) | C56—C57—C58 | 120.36 (13) |
C23—C24—H24 | 119.4 | C56—C57—H57 | 119.8 |
C19—C24—H24 | 119.4 | C58—C57—H57 | 119.8 |
N3—C25—C26 | 118.94 (11) | C59—C58—C57 | 119.58 (12) |
N3—C25—C30 | 121.74 (11) | C59—C58—H58 | 120.2 |
C26—C25—C30 | 119.32 (11) | C57—C58—H58 | 120.2 |
C27—C26—C25 | 121.72 (11) | C58—C59—C60 | 120.47 (12) |
C27—C26—H26 | 119.1 | C58—C59—H59 | 119.8 |
C25—C26—H26 | 119.1 | C60—C59—H59 | 119.8 |
C26—C27—C28 | 119.20 (11) | C55—C60—C59 | 120.26 (12) |
C26—C27—C31 | 117.00 (11) | C55—C60—H60 | 119.9 |
C28—C27—C31 | 123.74 (11) | C59—C60—H60 | 119.9 |
C29—C28—C27 | 119.15 (11) | Cl1—C61—Cl2 | 111.51 (7) |
C29—C28—C37 | 118.19 (11) | Cl1—C61—H61A | 109.3 |
C27—C28—C37 | 122.53 (11) | Cl2—C61—H61A | 109.3 |
C28—C29—C30 | 121.82 (11) | Cl1—C61—H61B | 109.3 |
C28—C29—H29 | 119.1 | Cl2—C61—H61B | 109.3 |
C30—C29—H29 | 119.1 | H61A—C61—H61B | 108.0 |
N4—C30—C29 | 120.21 (11) | Cl3—C62—Cl4 | 111.38 (7) |
N4—C30—C25 | 121.24 (10) | Cl3—C62—H62A | 109.4 |
C29—C30—C25 | 118.52 (11) | Cl4—C62—H62A | 109.4 |
C36—C31—C32 | 118.92 (11) | Cl3—C62—H62B | 109.4 |
C36—C31—C27 | 121.40 (11) | Cl4—C62—H62B | 109.4 |
C32—C31—C27 | 119.51 (11) | H62A—C62—H62B | 108.0 |
C7—N1—C1—C2 | 0.39 (16) | C25—C26—C27—C28 | 1.87 (18) |
C7—N1—C1—C6 | 178.51 (10) | C25—C26—C27—C31 | −175.41 (11) |
C12—N2—C2—C1 | 3.53 (16) | C26—C27—C28—C29 | −4.81 (18) |
C12—N2—C2—C3 | −174.71 (10) | C31—C27—C28—C29 | 172.28 (11) |
N1—C1—C2—N2 | −3.64 (17) | C26—C27—C28—C37 | 171.17 (11) |
C6—C1—C2—N2 | 178.24 (10) | C31—C27—C28—C37 | −11.75 (18) |
N1—C1—C2—C3 | 174.54 (10) | C27—C28—C29—C30 | 2.96 (18) |
C6—C1—C2—C3 | −3.57 (16) | C37—C28—C29—C30 | −173.19 (11) |
C25—N3—C3—C4 | 1.04 (16) | C4—N4—C30—C29 | −177.43 (11) |
C25—N3—C3—C2 | 178.61 (10) | C4—N4—C30—C25 | 0.63 (16) |
N2—C2—C3—N3 | 1.24 (16) | C28—C29—C30—N4 | 179.89 (11) |
C1—C2—C3—N3 | −177.04 (10) | C28—C29—C30—C25 | 1.78 (18) |
N2—C2—C3—C4 | 178.87 (10) | N3—C25—C30—N4 | −2.53 (18) |
C1—C2—C3—C4 | 0.59 (16) | C26—C25—C30—N4 | 177.19 (11) |
C30—N4—C4—C3 | 1.96 (16) | N3—C25—C30—C29 | 175.56 (11) |
C30—N4—C4—C5 | −177.66 (10) | C26—C25—C30—C29 | −4.72 (17) |
N3—C3—C4—N4 | −2.97 (18) | C26—C27—C31—C36 | 130.02 (13) |
C2—C3—C4—N4 | 179.52 (10) | C28—C27—C31—C36 | −47.12 (18) |
N3—C3—C4—C5 | 176.64 (10) | C26—C27—C31—C32 | −45.20 (16) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.86 (16) | C28—C27—C31—C32 | 137.66 (13) |
C43—N5—C5—C6 | 3.42 (16) | C36—C31—C32—C33 | −1.07 (18) |
C43—N5—C5—C4 | −177.02 (10) | C27—C31—C32—C33 | 174.26 (11) |
N4—C4—C5—N5 | 4.35 (16) | C31—C32—C33—C34 | 0.42 (19) |
C3—C4—C5—N5 | −175.28 (10) | C32—C33—C34—C35 | 0.43 (19) |
N4—C4—C5—C6 | −176.09 (10) | C33—C34—C35—C36 | −0.6 (2) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 4.28 (16) | C34—C35—C36—C31 | −0.1 (2) |
C48—N6—C6—C5 | 2.78 (16) | C32—C31—C36—C35 | 0.90 (19) |
C48—N6—C6—C1 | −176.00 (10) | C27—C31—C36—C35 | −174.34 (12) |
N5—C5—C6—N6 | −6.51 (18) | C29—C28—C37—C42 | −43.08 (17) |
C4—C5—C6—N6 | 173.94 (10) | C27—C28—C37—C42 | 140.91 (13) |
N5—C5—C6—C1 | 172.25 (10) | C29—C28—C37—C38 | 132.67 (13) |
C4—C5—C6—C1 | −7.29 (16) | C27—C28—C37—C38 | −43.34 (18) |
N1—C1—C6—N6 | 7.57 (16) | C42—C37—C38—C39 | 0.43 (19) |
C2—C1—C6—N6 | −174.26 (10) | C28—C37—C38—C39 | −175.40 (12) |
N1—C1—C6—C5 | −171.24 (10) | C37—C38—C39—C40 | −0.1 (2) |
C2—C1—C6—C5 | 6.93 (16) | C38—C39—C40—C41 | −0.2 (2) |
C1—N1—C7—C8 | −175.81 (10) | C39—C40—C41—C42 | 0.2 (2) |
C1—N1—C7—C12 | 2.53 (16) | C40—C41—C42—C37 | 0.2 (2) |
N1—C7—C8—C9 | 177.93 (11) | C38—C37—C42—C41 | −0.48 (19) |
C12—C7—C8—C9 | −0.46 (17) | C28—C37—C42—C41 | 175.38 (12) |
C7—C8—C9—C10 | 3.64 (18) | C5—N5—C43—C44 | −179.04 (11) |
C7—C8—C9—C13 | −173.85 (11) | C5—N5—C43—C48 | 2.65 (16) |
C8—C9—C10—C11 | −2.59 (17) | N5—C43—C44—C45 | −174.46 (11) |
C13—C9—C10—C11 | 174.73 (11) | C48—C43—C44—C45 | 3.89 (18) |
C8—C9—C10—C19 | 175.49 (11) | C43—C44—C45—C46 | 0.48 (18) |
C13—C9—C10—C19 | −7.18 (18) | C43—C44—C45—C49 | −177.63 (11) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | −1.63 (18) | C44—C45—C46—C47 | −4.07 (17) |
C19—C10—C11—C12 | −179.89 (11) | C49—C45—C46—C47 | 173.96 (11) |
C2—N2—C12—C11 | 178.93 (11) | C44—C45—C46—C55 | 174.32 (11) |
C2—N2—C12—C7 | −0.57 (17) | C49—C45—C46—C55 | −7.66 (17) |
C10—C11—C12—N2 | −174.68 (11) | C45—C46—C47—C48 | 3.20 (18) |
C10—C11—C12—C7 | 4.83 (18) | C55—C46—C47—C48 | −175.21 (11) |
N1—C7—C12—N2 | −2.59 (18) | C6—N6—C48—C47 | −176.64 (11) |
C8—C7—C12—N2 | 175.78 (11) | C6—N6—C48—C43 | 3.29 (17) |
N1—C7—C12—C11 | 177.91 (11) | C46—C47—C48—N6 | −178.90 (11) |
C8—C7—C12—C11 | −3.71 (17) | C46—C47—C48—C43 | 1.18 (18) |
C8—C9—C13—C18 | 131.14 (13) | N5—C43—C48—N6 | −6.33 (18) |
C10—C9—C13—C18 | −46.24 (17) | C44—C43—C48—N6 | 175.36 (11) |
C8—C9—C13—C14 | −46.20 (16) | N5—C43—C48—C47 | 173.60 (11) |
C10—C9—C13—C14 | 136.41 (12) | C44—C43—C48—C47 | −4.71 (17) |
C18—C13—C14—C15 | 1.27 (19) | C44—C45—C49—C54 | 128.73 (13) |
C9—C13—C14—C15 | 178.68 (12) | C46—C45—C49—C54 | −49.32 (17) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | −0.6 (2) | C44—C45—C49—C50 | −47.16 (17) |
C14—C15—C16—C17 | −0.3 (2) | C46—C45—C49—C50 | 134.79 (13) |
C15—C16—C17—C18 | 0.7 (2) | C54—C49—C50—C51 | −0.62 (19) |
C16—C17—C18—C13 | 0.0 (2) | C45—C49—C50—C51 | 175.38 (12) |
C14—C13—C18—C17 | −0.95 (19) | C49—C50—C51—C52 | −0.7 (2) |
C9—C13—C18—C17 | −178.32 (12) | C50—C51—C52—C53 | 1.3 (2) |
C11—C10—C19—C20 | 143.00 (12) | C51—C52—C53—C54 | −0.6 (2) |
C9—C10—C19—C20 | −35.12 (18) | C52—C53—C54—C49 | −0.8 (2) |
C11—C10—C19—C24 | −31.82 (16) | C50—C49—C54—C53 | 1.35 (19) |
C9—C10—C19—C24 | 150.07 (12) | C45—C49—C54—C53 | −174.61 (12) |
C24—C19—C20—C21 | 0.87 (18) | C47—C46—C55—C60 | −54.54 (16) |
C10—C19—C20—C21 | −174.00 (11) | C45—C46—C55—C60 | 127.07 (13) |
C19—C20—C21—C22 | 1.38 (19) | C47—C46—C55—C56 | 125.28 (14) |
C20—C21—C22—C23 | −2.2 (2) | C45—C46—C55—C56 | −53.11 (17) |
C21—C22—C23—C24 | 0.8 (2) | C60—C55—C56—C57 | −0.1 (2) |
C22—C23—C24—C19 | 1.5 (2) | C46—C55—C56—C57 | −179.94 (13) |
C20—C19—C24—C23 | −2.31 (19) | C55—C56—C57—C58 | −1.0 (2) |
C10—C19—C24—C23 | 172.76 (11) | C56—C57—C58—C59 | 0.8 (2) |
C3—N3—C25—C26 | −178.15 (11) | C57—C58—C59—C60 | 0.4 (2) |
C3—N3—C25—C30 | 1.57 (17) | C56—C55—C60—C59 | 1.33 (19) |
N3—C25—C26—C27 | −177.36 (11) | C46—C55—C60—C59 | −178.84 (12) |
C30—C25—C26—C27 | 2.91 (18) | C58—C59—C60—C55 | −1.5 (2) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
C61—H61A···N1i | 0.99 | 2.46 | 3.2380 (17) | 135 |
C61—H61B···N2 | 0.99 | 2.40 | 3.2745 (17) | 146 |
C61—H61B···N3 | 0.99 | 2.61 | 3.4923 (18) | 149 |
C62—H62A···N4 | 0.99 | 2.58 | 3.2547 (17) | 126 |
C62—H62A···N5 | 0.99 | 2.46 | 3.4381 (17) | 169 |
Symmetry code: (i) −x, −y+1, −z+1. |
Funding information
We like to thank the Lower Saxony State for a Lichtenberg Fellowship to Pia Fangmann.
References
Alfonso, M. & Stoeckli-Evans, H. (2001). Acta Cryst. E57, o242–o244. Web of Science CSD CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Beeson, J. C., Czarnik, A. W., Fitzgerald, L. J. & Gerkin, R. E. (1996). Acta Cryst. C52, 724–729. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Brandenburg, K. & Putz, H. (2006). DIAMOND. Crystal Impact GbR, Bonn, Germany. Google Scholar
Bruker (2013). APEX2 and SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Google Scholar
Catalano, V. J., Larson, W. E., Olmstead, M. M. & Gray, H. B. (1994). Inorg. Chem. 33, 4502–4509. CSD CrossRef CAS Web of Science Google Scholar
Fatiadi, A. J. & Sager, W. F. (1962). Org. Synth. 42, 90. Google Scholar
Fraser, M. G., Clark, C. A., Horvath, R., Lind, S. J., Blackman, A. G., Sun, X.-Z., George, M. W. & Gordon, K. C. (2011). Inorg. Chem. 50, 6093–6106. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gao, B., Liu, Y., Geng, Y., Cheng, Y., Wang, L., Jing, X. & Wang, F. (2009). Tetrahedron Lett. 50, 1649–1652. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Ghumaan, S., Sarkar, B., Patil, M. P., Fiedler, J., Sunoj, R. B., Kaim, W. & Lahiri, G. K. (2007). Polyhedron, 26, 3409–3418. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Janiak, C. (2000). J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. pp. 3885–3896. Web of Science CrossRef Google Scholar
Kitagawa, S. & Masaoka, S. (2003). Coord. Chem. Rev. 246, 73–88. Web of Science CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Krause, L., Herbst-Irmer, R., Sheldrick, G. M. & Stalke, D. (2015). J. Appl. Cryst. 48, 3–10. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Moilanen, J. O., Chilton, N. F., Day, B. M., Pugh, T. & Layfield, R. A. (2016). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 5521–5525. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS Google Scholar
Piglosiewicz, I. M., Beckhaus, R., Saak, W. & Haase, D. (2005). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 14190–14191. Web of Science CSD CrossRef PubMed CAS Google Scholar
Roy, S. & Kubiak, C. P. (2010). Dalton Trans. 39, 10937–10943. Web of Science CSD CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Segura, J. L., Juárez, R., Ramos, M. & Seoane, C. (2015). Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 6850–6885. Web of Science CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shao, J., Chang, J. & Chi, C. (2012). Org. Biomol. Chem. 10, 7045–7052. Web of Science CrossRef CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015a). Acta Cryst. A71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Sheldrick, G. M. (2015b). Acta Cryst. C71, 3–8. Web of Science CrossRef IUCr Journals Google Scholar
Stoe (1999). IPDS. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany. Google Scholar
Stoe (2002). X-RED. Stoe & Cie, Darmstadt, Germany. Google Scholar
Westrip, S. P. (2010). J. Appl. Cryst. 43, 920–925. Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.