Crystal structure, electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of mer-tris­[2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl-κN3)pyrimidine-κN1]ruthenium(II) bis­(hexa­fluorido­phosphate) trihydrate

Bibi, N.; Guerra, R.B.; Huamaní, L.E.S.C.; Formiga, A.L.B.

doi:10.1107/S2056989018007995

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ISSN: 2056-9890

Volume 74| Part 7| July 2018| Pages 874-877

https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018007995

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Crystal structure, electrochemical and spectroscopic investigation of mer-tris[2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl-κN³)pyrimidine-κN¹]ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluoridophosphate) trihydrate

Naheed Bibi,^a Renan Barrach Guerra,^a Luis Enrique Santa Cruz Huamaní ^a and André Luiz Barboza Formiga ^a ^*

^aInstitute of Chemistry, University of Campinas – UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
^*Correspondence e-mail: formiga@g.unicamp.br

Edited by M. Weil, Vienna University of Technology, Austria (Received 14 May 2018; accepted 30 May 2018; online 5 June 2018)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Ru(C₇H₆N₄)₃](PF₆)₂·3H₂O, a novel Ru^II complex with the bidentate ligand 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidine, comprises a complex cation in the meridional form exclusively, with a distorted octahedral geometry about the ruthenium(II) cation. The Ru—N bonds involving imidazole N atoms are comparatively shorter than the Ru—N bonds from pyrimidine because of the stronger basicity of the imidazole moiety. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network involves all species in the lattice with water molecules interacting with both counter-ions and NH hydrogen atoms from the complex. The supramolecular structure of the crystal also shows that two units of the complex bind strongly through a mutual N—H⋯N bond. The electronic absorption spectrum of the complex displays an asymmetric band at 421 nm, which might point to the presence of two metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands. Electrochemical measurements show a quasi-reversible peak referring to the Ru^III/Ru^II reduction at 0.87 V versus Ag/AgCl.

Keywords: crystal structure; homoleptic complex; heteroaryl-imidazole; ruthenium(II); meridional isomer.

CCDC reference: 1842596

1. Chemical context

Since the first preparation of the tris(2,2-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) complex by Burstall (1936 ), its interesting electrochemical and photochemical properties have stimulated the preparation and characterization of numerous analogous ruthenium(II) complexes (Le-Quang et al., 2018 ; Dong et al., 2018 ; Linares et al., 2013 ). When asymmetric bidentate ligands are used to obtain homoleptic complexes, facial and meridional isomers can be obtained, depending on steric and electronic properties with important implications on chemical reactivity and spectroscopy (Metherell et al., 2014 ). An interesting class of asymmetric ligands are heteroaryl-imidazoles, since a combination of electron-rich and electron-poor rings can be used to tune the electronic properties of the final complexes (Ratier de Arruda et al., 2017 ; Nakahata et al., 2017 ).

In this context, we have devised a synthetic procedure to obtain exclusively the meridional isomer of the first reported homoleptic Ru^II complex with the bidentate 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyrimidine (impm) ligand containing imidazole (im) and pyrimidine (pm) rings in the same unit.

2. Structural commentary

The title complex crystallizes with two hexafluoridophosphates counter-anions and three lattice water molecules. The total +2 charge for the complex is in very good agreement with molar conductivity and mass spectrometry measurements. We can conclude that all three ligands in the complex are neutral, not showing the typical ionization of the imidazole hydrogen atom. The molecular structure of the cationic complex is shown in Fig. 1. It reveals a distorted octahedral configuration with meridional stereochemistry, with two imidazole units trans to each other as well as two pyrimidine units trans to each other. There is no correlation between the trans–cis orientation and bond lengths. For example, all Ru—N_im bond lengths are essentially the same within their standard uncertainties, and the same observation is valid for Ru—N_pm bond lengths. However, Ru—N_im bond lengths are systematically shorter than Ru—N_pm bonds by 0.03 Å, as expected from the stronger Lewis basicity of the imidazole unit. Averaged bond lengths are 2.054 (10) Å for Ru—N_im and 2.083 (8) Å for Ru—N_pm. As a result of the bidentate nature of the ligands, coordination angles differ from the ideal 90° value with N_im—Ru—N_pm angles ranging from 78.5 (2) to 78.7 (2)°, the latter being the main cause for the distorted octahedral configuration.

Figure 1
The molecular structure of the homoleptic cationic complex [Ru(L)₃]²⁺ (L = C₇H₆N₄) with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement ellipsoids are plotted at the 50% probability level.

3. Supramolecular features

Although hydrogen atoms were not modelled for the three water molecules present in the crystal structure, it is clear that a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network is formed by all species. Water molecules cluster in triads and are close to two hexafluoridophosphate anions in the lattice. The supramolecular arrangement of water molecules and PF₆⁻ anions may result in different hydrogen-bonded patterns, and the disorder in hydrogen-atom positions may explain the absence of electron densities close to oxygen atoms in difference maps. Possible donor–acceptor pairs involving the water oxygen atoms are included in Table 1. One of the water molecules (O3) is hydrogen bonded to two N—H imidazole units, N6 and N10, Fig. 2 and Table 1. A rather strong mutual intermolecular interaction between two [Ru(impm)₃]²⁺ units through one of the ligands involving centrosymmetric N—H⋯N pairs completes the three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network (Fig. 2).

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A	D—H	H⋯A	D⋯A	D—H⋯A
N2—H2⋯N4ⁱ	0.88	2.13	2.935 (7)	152
N6—H6⋯O3ⁱⁱ	0.88	2.00	2.871 (10)	171
N10—H10⋯O3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.88	1.94	2.809 (10)	167
O1⋯F9			3.198 (11)
O1⋯F12^iv			2.793 (7)
O2⋯O1^v			2.703 (7)
O2⋯F3^vi			2.895 (10)
O3⋯O2			2.784 (9)
O3⋯F11^vii			2.909 (8)
Symmetry codes: (i) -x+1, -y+2, -z+2; (ii) $[x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z-{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (iii) -x+1, -y+1, -z+2; (iv) $[-x+{\script{1\over 2}}, y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ ; (v) $[-x+{\script{1\over 2}}, y-{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]$ ; (vi) $[x-{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ ; (vii) $[x+{\script{1\over 2}}, -y+{\script{3\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}]$ .

Figure 2
Outline of the unit cell with axes showing all molecular entities in the crystal. Details of the hydrogen bonds found for the [Ru(L)₃]²⁺ unit are also shown. Dashed lines indicate the mutual N—H⋯N array between two symmetric complexes through one of the heteroaryl-imidazole ligands and two hydrogen bonds with water molecules. Symmetry codes: (i) −x + 1, −y + 2, −z + 2; (ii) x + $[{1\over 2}]$ , −y + $[{3\over 2}]$ , z − $[{1\over 2}]$ ; (iii) −x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 2; (iv) −x + 1, −y + 2, −z + 1. Water H atoms were not found, see text for details. Atoms of the PF₆⁻ anion in the upper right corner have symmetry code (ii).

4. Electrochemistry and electronic spectroscopy

The Ru^III/Ru^II potential for the [Ru(impm)₃]²⁺ complex (0.87 V versus Ag/AgCl) was found to be intermediate between those reported for [Ru(im)₆]²⁺ (0.295 V; Clarke et al., 1996 ), and [Ru(bpm)₃]²⁺ (1.72 V; Ernst & Kaim, 1989 ), in which bpm stands for 2,2′-bipyrimidine. Since the reduction potential can be directly related to the t_2g orbitals of the complex, i.e. the HOMO (Possato et al., 2017 ; Eberlin et al., 2006 ; Nunes et al., 2006 ), the changes in potential can be accounted for by the high imidazole electron σ-donor ability, which tends to increase the energy of the HOMO, leading to a decrease of the reduction potential. Conversely, pyrimidine is a better π-receptor, decreasing the HOMO energy, therefore increasing the reduction potential (Lever, 1990 ). The electrochemical results reveal that the impm ligand was successfully used to tune these effects by combining them, as we had intended. The electronic spectrum of [Ru(impm)₃]²⁺ revealed an asymmetric band centered at 421 nm (log ∊ = 4.14), indicating that two superimposed metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands may be present. This could be explained if two transitions from the Ru^II t_2g to two π* orbitals are observed. Moreover, the MLCT in [Ru(bpm)₃]²⁺ is observed at 454 nm (Ernst & Kaim, 1989); this is an indication that the π* orbitals involved in the [Ru(impm)₃]²⁺ transitions lie higher in energy.

5. Database survey

Surveys of the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Version 5.38, last update February 2018; Groom et al., 2016 ) and SciFinder (SciFinder, 2018 ) revealed no hits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first crystal structure reported for a homoleptic ruthenium complex with heteroaryl-imidazoles. The survey revealed the synthesis of the cationic complex [Ru(impy)₃]²⁺ (Stupka et al., 2005 ), in which impy is 2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl)pyridine, but no crystal structure was reported. However, we could relate to other similar crystals containing related cations [Ru(bpm)₃]²⁺, [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺, or [Ru(bpz)₃]²⁺, in which bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine and bpz is 2,2′-bipyrazine. [Ru(bpm)₃]²⁺ contains a pyrimidine moiety with an Ru—N length of 2.067 (4) Å, similar to our complex, whereas [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ and [Ru(bpz)₃]²⁺ show Ru—N bond lengths of 2.056 (2) and 2.05 (1) Å, respectively (Rillema et al., 1992 ). The only other complex in which impm appears as a ligand is with Cu^II and was reported by us (Nakahata et al., 2017). In the latter, similar to what we have observed in this work, the Cu—N_pm bond length is 2.078 (2) Å, which is a bit longer than that of Cu—N_im [1.975 (5) Å]. The molecular structure of [Ru(im)₆]²⁺ was found to have an average Ru—N length of 2.099 (2) Å (Baird et al., 1998 ).

6. Synthesis and crystallization

The ligand was synthesized following the same procedure as reported in the literature (Nakahata et al., 2017). The Ru^II complex was prepared by a mixture of one equivalent of RuCl₃·3H₂O (50 mg), 3.3 equivalents of the ligand (92 mg) and 10 ml of DMF. The mixture was stirred and heated to 423 K for 5 min, until the colour turned to green. After the addition of 45 µl of triethylamine, the reaction mixture was kept under reflux for three h, resulting in a reddish purple mixture. This reaction mixture was filtered while still hot using a sintered glass funnel (G4). The filtrate was processed further with constant addition of ethanol and evaporation using a rotary evaporator until the volume reduced to almost 1.5 ml. The resulting reduced mixture was added dropwise to an aqueous solution of NH₄PF₆ (200 mg in 5 ml of milliQ water) and left in the refrigerator overnight to induce precipitation. Subsequently, the precipitate was filtered, washed with ice-cold water to remove excess NH₄PF₆ and dried in a desiccator. Yield: 83.42%. Analysis calculated for [Ru(C₇H₆N₄)₃](PF₆)₂: C, 30.41; H, 2.19; N, 20.26. Found: C, 30.51; H, 2.55; N, 19.78. Λ_M (S cm² mol⁻¹): 162.44, within the typical range for a 1:2 electrolyte in water, 150–310 S cm² mol⁻¹ (Geary, 1971 ). ESI–MS (methanol): m/z 270.03 [M²⁺]. FT–IR (cm⁻¹): 559, 708, 796, 844, 1102, 1409, 1629, 1590, 1551, 1471. Crystals of the title compound were obtained by slow evaporation of a methanol:water solution of the complex.

7. Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2. Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon and nitrogen atoms were added to the structure in idealized positions (N—H = 0.88, C—H = 0.95 Å) and further refined according to the riding model with U_iso(H) = 1.2U_eq(C,N). During the refinement process, electron densities near oxygen atoms were not found in difference maps, resulting in missing hydrogen atoms for water molecules. This is probably a consequence of disordered hydrogen positions resulting from weak intermolecular interactions between lattice water molecules and anions in the structure. The crystal was a strong absorber and exposure times had to be increased in order to achieve a reasonable completeness. In the end, we tested three different absorption correction methods in order to avoid artefacts and the multi-scan method gave the best results. However, a residual positive density was still found close to ruthenium (less than 1 Å) as a consequence of this insufficient absorption correction (Spek, 2018 ).

Table 2
Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula	[Ru(C₇H₆N₄)₃](PF₆)₂·3H₂O
M_r	883.49
Crystal system, space group	Monoclinic, P2₁/n
Temperature (K)	150
a, b, c (Å)	13.0162 (5), 13.6078 (5), 18.3382 (7)
β (°)	99.937 (2)
V (Å³)	3199.4 (2)
Z	4
Radiation type	Cu Kα
μ (mm⁻¹)	6.02
Crystal size (mm)	0.10 × 0.07 × 0.07

Data collection
Diffractometer	Bruker APEX CCD detector
Absorption correction	Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2010 )
T_min, T_max	0.625, 0.753
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections	25003, 5754, 4930
R_int	0.039
(sin θ/λ)_max (Å⁻¹)	0.605

Refinement
R[F² > 2σ(F²)], wR(F²), S	0.079, 0.229, 1.08
No. of reflections	5754
No. of parameters	460
H-atom treatment	H-atom parameters constrained
Δρ_max, Δρ_min (e Å⁻³)	3.62, −0.58
Computer programs: APEX2 and SAINT (Bruker, 2010), SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a ), SHELXL2016 (Sheldrick, 2015b ) and OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009 ).

Supporting information

CCDC reference: 1842596

Crystal structure: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018007995/wm5447sup1.cif

Structure factors: contains datablock I. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018007995/wm5447Isup2.hkl

Supporting information file. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018007995/wm5447Isup3.mol

Detailed information on instrumentation, ESI-MS results, UV-Vis and FT-IR spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1107/S2056989018007995/wm5447sup4.pdf

checkCIF report

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2010); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2010); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2015a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2016 (Sheldrick, 2015b); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).

mer-Tris[2-(1H-imidazol-2-yl-κN³)pyrimidine-κ²N¹]ruthenium(II) bis(hexafluoridophosphate) trihydrate top

Crystal data top

[Ru(C₇H₆N₄)₃](PF₆)₂·3H₂O	F(000) = 1736
M_r = 883.49	D_x = 1.822 Mg m⁻³
Monoclinic, P2₁/n	Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å
a = 13.0162 (5) Å	Cell parameters from 9950 reflections
b = 13.6078 (5) Å	θ = 3.9–68.3°
c = 18.3382 (7) Å	µ = 6.02 mm⁻¹
β = 99.937 (2)°	T = 150 K
V = 3199.4 (2) Å³	Irregular, orange
Z = 4	0.10 × 0.07 × 0.07 mm

Data collection top

Bruker APEX CCD detector diffractometer	5754 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	4930 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Detector resolution: 8.3333 pixels mm^-1	R_int = 0.039
φ and ω scans	θ_max = 68.9°, θ_min = 3.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 2010)	h = −14→15
T_min = 0.625, T_max = 0.753	k = −14→16
25003 measured reflections	l = −20→22

Refinement top

Refinement on F²	Primary atom site location: dual
Least-squares matrix: full	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.079	H-atom parameters constrained
wR(F²) = 0.229	w = 1/[σ²(F_o²) + (0.1495P)² + 5.4202P] where P = (F_o² + 2F_c²)/3
S = 1.08	(Δ/σ)_max = 0.001
5754 reflections	Δρ_max = 3.62 e Å⁻³
460 parameters	Δρ_min = −0.58 e Å⁻³
0 restraints

Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	x	y	z	U_iso*/U_eq
Ru1	0.61116 (3)	0.76501 (4)	0.79791 (3)	0.0579 (2)
N1	0.4844 (4)	0.8111 (4)	0.8410 (3)	0.0657 (13)
N2	0.4208 (4)	0.9042 (5)	0.9198 (3)	0.0718 (15)
H2	0.416775	0.948958	0.953833	0.086*
N3	0.6712 (4)	0.8865 (4)	0.8591 (3)	0.0566 (11)
N4	0.6301 (4)	1.0022 (4)	0.9467 (3)	0.0582 (12)
N5	0.7422 (4)	0.7349 (4)	0.7524 (3)	0.0615 (13)
N6	0.8342 (5)	0.7645 (4)	0.6655 (4)	0.0724 (15)
H6	0.854183	0.790086	0.626150	0.087*
N7	0.5863 (4)	0.8536 (4)	0.7038 (3)	0.0602 (12)
N8	0.6760 (5)	0.9208 (4)	0.6123 (3)	0.0756 (15)
N9	0.6439 (5)	0.6722 (4)	0.8869 (3)	0.0681 (13)
N10	0.6215 (6)	0.5297 (5)	0.9368 (4)	0.0879 (19)
H10	0.600308	0.469110	0.942001	0.105*
N11	0.5437 (4)	0.6343 (4)	0.7531 (3)	0.0603 (12)
N12	0.5156 (5)	0.4675 (4)	0.7859 (4)	0.0782 (16)
C1	0.5046 (5)	0.8819 (5)	0.8901 (3)	0.0623 (15)
C2	0.3815 (6)	0.7869 (7)	0.8375 (5)	0.081 (2)
H2A	0.344267	0.738678	0.806039	0.098*
C3	0.3421 (6)	0.8436 (7)	0.8866 (5)	0.086 (2)
H3	0.272783	0.841756	0.896368	0.103*
C4	0.6070 (4)	0.9271 (5)	0.9011 (3)	0.0564 (13)
C5	0.7256 (5)	1.0409 (5)	0.9491 (3)	0.0619 (14)
H5	0.744892	1.096557	0.979591	0.074*
C6	0.7954 (5)	1.0035 (5)	0.9096 (4)	0.0644 (15)
H6A	0.862998	1.031426	0.913131	0.077*
C7	0.7666 (5)	0.9254 (5)	0.8651 (4)	0.0617 (14)
H7	0.814977	0.897782	0.837543	0.074*
C8	0.7483 (5)	0.7886 (5)	0.6927 (4)	0.0604 (14)
C9	0.8261 (5)	0.6748 (5)	0.7632 (4)	0.0686 (16)
H9	0.841453	0.627585	0.801761	0.082*
C10	0.8851 (5)	0.6927 (6)	0.7102 (4)	0.0749 (19)
H10A	0.948787	0.661564	0.705115	0.090*
C11	0.6671 (5)	0.8592 (5)	0.6664 (4)	0.0648 (15)
C12	0.5938 (8)	0.9800 (6)	0.5917 (5)	0.086 (2)
H12	0.595776	1.025988	0.553000	0.103*
C13	0.5090 (7)	0.9766 (6)	0.6239 (5)	0.086 (2)
H13	0.451247	1.018106	0.606409	0.103*
C14	0.5047 (6)	0.9149 (6)	0.6809 (5)	0.0757 (19)
H14	0.445435	0.914399	0.704742	0.091*
C15	0.6043 (6)	0.5838 (5)	0.8740 (4)	0.0726 (17)
C16	0.6922 (7)	0.6751 (6)	0.9600 (4)	0.080 (2)
H16	0.729082	0.729431	0.984397	0.097*
C17	0.6779 (8)	0.5869 (7)	0.9907 (5)	0.092 (2)
H17	0.702521	0.568118	1.040599	0.111*
C18	0.5512 (5)	0.5592 (5)	0.8004 (4)	0.0680 (16)
C19	0.4696 (6)	0.4537 (6)	0.7149 (5)	0.082 (2)
H19	0.443343	0.390098	0.700580	0.099*
C20	0.4588 (5)	0.5240 (5)	0.6637 (4)	0.0718 (18)
H20	0.425902	0.510496	0.614305	0.086*
C21	0.4959 (5)	0.6162 (6)	0.6833 (4)	0.0662 (16)
H21	0.487895	0.667494	0.647555	0.079*
P1	0.52669 (15)	0.72394 (12)	0.47516 (11)	0.0672 (5)
F1	0.6051 (4)	0.6755 (5)	0.4292 (3)	0.1094 (18)
F2	0.4541 (6)	0.7727 (7)	0.5259 (5)	0.143 (3)
F3	0.5632 (6)	0.8307 (4)	0.4586 (3)	0.120 (2)
F4	0.4894 (5)	0.6168 (4)	0.4927 (3)	0.117 (2)
F5	0.4400 (5)	0.7282 (4)	0.4045 (4)	0.119 (2)
F6	0.6122 (4)	0.7171 (3)	0.5476 (3)	0.0905 (14)
P2	0.17757 (17)	0.6704 (2)	0.65300 (15)	0.0922 (7)
F7	0.2160 (5)	0.5967 (8)	0.5979 (4)	0.166 (4)
F8	0.1418 (6)	0.7402 (6)	0.7124 (7)	0.161 (4)
F9	0.2594 (7)	0.7480 (6)	0.6365 (6)	0.150 (3)
F10	0.0961 (5)	0.5899 (5)	0.6745 (4)	0.129 (2)
F11	0.0909 (7)	0.7042 (13)	0.5912 (8)	0.233 (6)
F12	0.2637 (5)	0.6267 (5)	0.7163 (4)	0.1182 (19)
O1	0.2542 (8)	0.9735 (9)	0.6848 (6)	0.165 (4)
O2	0.2613 (8)	0.6190 (7)	0.9169 (7)	0.153 (3)
O3	0.4135 (6)	0.6699 (5)	1.0371 (4)	0.112 (2)

Atomic displacement parameters (Å²) top

	U¹¹	U²²	U³³	U¹²	U¹³	U²³
Ru1	0.0485 (3)	0.0616 (4)	0.0631 (3)	−0.00170 (17)	0.0080 (2)	−0.01872 (19)
N1	0.056 (3)	0.069 (3)	0.073 (3)	−0.013 (2)	0.014 (2)	−0.027 (3)
N2	0.054 (3)	0.081 (4)	0.083 (3)	−0.014 (3)	0.019 (3)	−0.037 (3)
N3	0.049 (2)	0.059 (3)	0.060 (3)	0.001 (2)	0.005 (2)	−0.013 (2)
N4	0.053 (3)	0.062 (3)	0.060 (3)	−0.005 (2)	0.010 (2)	−0.015 (2)
N5	0.051 (3)	0.069 (3)	0.062 (3)	0.004 (2)	0.005 (2)	−0.018 (2)
N6	0.063 (3)	0.078 (4)	0.081 (4)	−0.006 (3)	0.024 (3)	−0.016 (3)
N7	0.059 (3)	0.053 (3)	0.066 (3)	0.003 (2)	0.003 (2)	−0.014 (2)
N8	0.085 (4)	0.059 (3)	0.080 (4)	−0.011 (3)	0.008 (3)	−0.009 (3)
N9	0.068 (3)	0.072 (3)	0.064 (3)	−0.007 (3)	0.011 (2)	−0.009 (3)
N10	0.101 (5)	0.068 (4)	0.096 (4)	−0.005 (3)	0.022 (4)	−0.007 (3)
N11	0.052 (3)	0.060 (3)	0.071 (3)	0.002 (2)	0.016 (2)	−0.014 (2)
N12	0.082 (4)	0.062 (3)	0.091 (4)	−0.002 (3)	0.016 (3)	−0.016 (3)
C1	0.050 (3)	0.072 (4)	0.066 (3)	−0.006 (3)	0.013 (3)	−0.020 (3)
C2	0.060 (4)	0.093 (5)	0.093 (5)	−0.027 (4)	0.018 (4)	−0.039 (4)
C3	0.058 (4)	0.106 (6)	0.100 (5)	−0.020 (4)	0.029 (4)	−0.047 (5)
C4	0.045 (3)	0.062 (3)	0.061 (3)	−0.001 (2)	0.006 (2)	−0.013 (3)
C5	0.059 (3)	0.064 (3)	0.062 (3)	−0.011 (3)	0.009 (3)	−0.012 (3)
C6	0.051 (3)	0.069 (4)	0.073 (4)	−0.008 (3)	0.010 (3)	−0.008 (3)
C7	0.046 (3)	0.068 (4)	0.070 (3)	−0.001 (3)	0.008 (3)	−0.009 (3)
C8	0.055 (3)	0.060 (3)	0.065 (3)	−0.001 (3)	0.007 (3)	−0.016 (3)
C9	0.056 (3)	0.072 (4)	0.076 (4)	0.008 (3)	0.007 (3)	−0.015 (3)
C10	0.053 (4)	0.080 (5)	0.091 (5)	0.007 (3)	0.010 (3)	−0.018 (4)
C11	0.062 (3)	0.060 (3)	0.071 (4)	−0.008 (3)	0.005 (3)	−0.019 (3)
C12	0.102 (6)	0.064 (4)	0.084 (5)	0.001 (4)	−0.002 (4)	−0.005 (4)
C13	0.087 (5)	0.067 (4)	0.096 (5)	0.009 (4)	−0.003 (4)	−0.001 (4)
C14	0.063 (4)	0.069 (4)	0.090 (5)	0.009 (3)	0.001 (3)	−0.020 (4)
C15	0.076 (4)	0.065 (4)	0.077 (4)	−0.001 (3)	0.015 (3)	−0.002 (3)
C16	0.088 (5)	0.084 (5)	0.068 (4)	−0.017 (4)	0.010 (4)	−0.009 (4)
C17	0.110 (6)	0.094 (6)	0.071 (4)	−0.003 (5)	0.010 (4)	−0.012 (4)
C18	0.059 (3)	0.065 (4)	0.083 (4)	−0.004 (3)	0.018 (3)	−0.026 (3)
C19	0.077 (4)	0.072 (4)	0.099 (5)	−0.012 (4)	0.017 (4)	−0.033 (4)
C20	0.060 (4)	0.069 (4)	0.086 (4)	−0.006 (3)	0.013 (3)	−0.027 (4)
C21	0.052 (3)	0.075 (4)	0.071 (4)	0.004 (3)	0.012 (3)	−0.023 (3)
P1	0.0650 (10)	0.0576 (9)	0.0735 (10)	0.0126 (7)	−0.0032 (8)	−0.0036 (7)
F1	0.093 (3)	0.132 (5)	0.101 (3)	0.020 (3)	0.011 (3)	−0.038 (3)
F2	0.123 (5)	0.171 (7)	0.137 (6)	0.051 (5)	0.030 (5)	−0.020 (5)
F3	0.166 (6)	0.067 (3)	0.117 (4)	−0.012 (3)	−0.005 (4)	0.010 (3)
F4	0.128 (4)	0.083 (3)	0.122 (4)	−0.031 (3)	−0.030 (3)	0.013 (3)
F5	0.109 (4)	0.105 (4)	0.121 (4)	0.005 (3)	−0.046 (4)	0.020 (3)
F6	0.108 (3)	0.064 (2)	0.085 (3)	0.007 (2)	−0.022 (3)	−0.014 (2)
P2	0.0638 (11)	0.1057 (16)	0.1053 (15)	0.0035 (11)	0.0099 (10)	−0.0108 (13)
F7	0.097 (4)	0.252 (10)	0.153 (6)	−0.040 (5)	0.036 (4)	−0.118 (7)
F8	0.099 (5)	0.140 (6)	0.254 (11)	0.001 (4)	0.054 (6)	−0.085 (6)
F9	0.121 (6)	0.168 (7)	0.164 (7)	−0.038 (5)	0.037 (5)	0.003 (5)
F10	0.087 (3)	0.122 (4)	0.186 (6)	−0.016 (3)	0.047 (4)	−0.048 (4)
F11	0.094 (5)	0.350 (16)	0.234 (12)	−0.002 (8)	−0.029 (6)	0.112 (12)
F12	0.093 (3)	0.135 (5)	0.122 (4)	0.011 (3)	0.005 (3)	−0.025 (4)
O1	0.146 (8)	0.188 (11)	0.163 (8)	−0.016 (7)	0.032 (7)	−0.032 (8)
O2	0.148 (8)	0.113 (6)	0.198 (9)	−0.018 (6)	0.028 (7)	0.019 (6)
O3	0.129 (5)	0.081 (4)	0.139 (5)	−0.006 (4)	0.058 (5)	0.002 (4)

Geometric parameters (Å, º) top

Ru1—N1	2.047 (5)	C3—H3	0.9500
Ru1—N3	2.074 (5)	C5—H5	0.9500
Ru1—N5	2.066 (6)	C5—C6	1.355 (9)
Ru1—N7	2.084 (5)	C6—H6A	0.9500
Ru1—N9	2.050 (6)	C6—C7	1.353 (9)
Ru1—N11	2.089 (5)	C7—H7	0.9500
N1—C1	1.314 (8)	C8—C11	1.449 (9)
N1—C2	1.370 (9)	C9—H9	0.9500
N2—H2	0.8800	C9—C10	1.362 (11)
N2—C1	1.335 (8)	C10—H10A	0.9500
N2—C3	1.373 (9)	C12—H12	0.9500
N3—C4	1.349 (8)	C12—C13	1.339 (13)
N3—C7	1.337 (8)	C13—H13	0.9500
N4—C4	1.322 (8)	C13—C14	1.350 (12)
N4—C5	1.344 (8)	C14—H14	0.9500
N5—C8	1.330 (9)	C15—C18	1.446 (10)
N5—C9	1.351 (9)	C16—H16	0.9500
N6—H6	0.8800	C16—C17	1.353 (13)
N6—C8	1.341 (9)	C17—H17	0.9500
N6—C10	1.370 (11)	C19—H19	0.9500
N7—C11	1.352 (9)	C19—C20	1.331 (12)
N7—C14	1.359 (9)	C20—H20	0.9500
N8—C11	1.320 (9)	C20—C21	1.370 (10)
N8—C12	1.341 (11)	C21—H21	0.9500
N9—C15	1.314 (10)	P1—F1	1.576 (5)
N9—C16	1.379 (9)	P1—F2	1.582 (7)
N10—H10	0.8800	P1—F3	1.574 (6)
N10—C15	1.352 (10)	P1—F4	1.587 (6)
N10—C17	1.369 (11)	P1—F5	1.565 (5)
N11—C18	1.333 (10)	P1—F6	1.581 (5)
N11—C21	1.346 (9)	P2—F7	1.565 (7)
N12—C18	1.342 (9)	P2—F8	1.575 (8)
N12—C19	1.349 (10)	P2—F9	1.566 (8)
C1—C4	1.449 (8)	P2—F10	1.619 (7)
C2—H2A	0.9500	P2—F11	1.526 (9)
C2—C3	1.352 (11)	P2—F12	1.584 (7)

N1—Ru1—N3	78.47 (19)	N5—C9—H9	125.5
N1—Ru1—N5	173.6 (2)	N5—C9—C10	109.1 (7)
N1—Ru1—N7	97.0 (2)	C10—C9—H9	125.5
N1—Ru1—N9	87.2 (2)	N6—C10—H10A	126.8
N1—Ru1—N11	95.8 (2)	C9—C10—N6	106.3 (6)
N3—Ru1—N7	88.69 (19)	C9—C10—H10A	126.8
N3—Ru1—N11	170.3 (2)	N7—C11—C8	112.4 (6)
N5—Ru1—N3	96.7 (2)	N8—C11—N7	126.5 (6)
N5—Ru1—N7	78.5 (2)	N8—C11—C8	121.1 (7)
N5—Ru1—N11	89.6 (2)	N8—C12—H12	118.9
N7—Ru1—N11	99.9 (2)	C13—C12—N8	122.3 (8)
N9—Ru1—N3	93.1 (2)	C13—C12—H12	118.9
N9—Ru1—N5	97.3 (2)	C12—C13—H13	119.7
N9—Ru1—N7	175.6 (2)	C12—C13—C14	120.7 (8)
N9—Ru1—N11	78.7 (2)	C14—C13—H13	119.7
C1—N1—Ru1	114.2 (4)	N7—C14—H14	120.4
C1—N1—C2	106.7 (6)	C13—C14—N7	119.1 (8)
C2—N1—Ru1	139.0 (5)	C13—C14—H14	120.4
C1—N2—H2	126.8	N9—C15—N10	110.0 (7)
C1—N2—C3	106.4 (5)	N9—C15—C18	119.3 (7)
C3—N2—H2	126.8	N10—C15—C18	130.6 (7)
C4—N3—Ru1	115.0 (4)	N9—C16—H16	126.1
C7—N3—Ru1	128.2 (4)	C17—C16—N9	107.9 (7)
C7—N3—C4	116.7 (5)	C17—C16—H16	126.1
C4—N4—C5	115.5 (5)	N10—C17—H17	126.3
C8—N5—Ru1	113.2 (4)	C16—C17—N10	107.4 (8)
C8—N5—C9	107.0 (6)	C16—C17—H17	126.3
C9—N5—Ru1	139.7 (5)	N11—C18—N12	126.9 (6)
C8—N6—H6	126.3	N11—C18—C15	113.5 (6)
C8—N6—C10	107.4 (6)	N12—C18—C15	119.6 (7)
C10—N6—H6	126.3	N12—C19—H19	118.1
C11—N7—Ru1	115.4 (4)	C20—C19—N12	123.8 (7)
C11—N7—C14	116.3 (6)	C20—C19—H19	118.1
C14—N7—Ru1	127.8 (5)	C19—C20—H20	120.5
C11—N8—C12	115.1 (7)	C19—C20—C21	119.0 (7)
C15—N9—Ru1	113.5 (5)	C21—C20—H20	120.5
C15—N9—C16	107.5 (7)	N11—C21—C20	120.0 (7)
C16—N9—Ru1	138.9 (5)	N11—C21—H21	120.0
C15—N10—H10	126.4	C20—C21—H21	120.0
C15—N10—C17	107.2 (7)	F1—P1—F2	176.2 (4)
C17—N10—H10	126.4	F1—P1—F4	88.4 (4)
C18—N11—Ru1	114.7 (4)	F1—P1—F6	89.8 (3)
C18—N11—C21	116.7 (6)	F2—P1—F4	91.8 (5)
C21—N11—Ru1	128.6 (5)	F3—P1—F1	92.2 (4)
C18—N12—C19	113.7 (7)	F3—P1—F2	87.5 (5)
N1—C1—N2	111.4 (5)	F3—P1—F4	179.3 (4)
N1—C1—C4	118.5 (5)	F3—P1—F6	91.4 (3)
N2—C1—C4	130.0 (5)	F5—P1—F1	90.8 (4)
N1—C2—H2A	125.9	F5—P1—F2	93.0 (4)
C3—C2—N1	108.2 (6)	F5—P1—F3	90.3 (3)
C3—C2—H2A	125.9	F5—P1—F4	90.0 (3)
N2—C3—H3	126.3	F5—P1—F6	178.2 (4)
C2—C3—N2	107.4 (6)	F6—P1—F2	86.4 (4)
C2—C3—H3	126.3	F6—P1—F4	88.3 (3)
N3—C4—C1	113.1 (5)	F7—P2—F8	176.5 (6)
N4—C4—N3	125.6 (5)	F7—P2—F9	90.2 (5)
N4—C4—C1	121.2 (5)	F7—P2—F10	91.1 (4)
N4—C5—H5	118.7	F7—P2—F12	88.2 (4)
N4—C5—C6	122.6 (6)	F8—P2—F10	87.4 (4)
C6—C5—H5	118.7	F8—P2—F12	88.6 (5)
C5—C6—H6A	120.8	F9—P2—F8	91.1 (5)
C7—C6—C5	118.4 (6)	F9—P2—F10	177.0 (5)
C7—C6—H6A	120.8	F9—P2—F12	88.6 (5)
N3—C7—C6	121.2 (6)	F11—P2—F7	89.5 (8)
N3—C7—H7	119.4	F11—P2—F8	93.6 (8)
C6—C7—H7	119.4	F11—P2—F9	95.4 (6)
N5—C8—N6	110.1 (6)	F11—P2—F10	87.4 (6)
N5—C8—C11	119.6 (6)	F11—P2—F12	175.4 (7)
N6—C8—C11	130.2 (7)	F12—P2—F10	88.7 (4)

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top

D—H···A	D—H	H···A	D···A	D—H···A
N2—H2···N4ⁱ	0.88	2.13	2.935 (7)	152
N6—H6···O3ⁱⁱ	0.88	2.00	2.871 (10)	171
N10—H10···O3ⁱⁱⁱ	0.88	1.94	2.809 (10)	167
O1···F9			3.198 (11)
O1···F12^iv			2.793 (7)
O2···O1^v			2.703 (7)
O2···F3^vi			2.895 (10)
O3···O2			2.784 (9)
O3···F11^vii			2.909 (8)

Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, −y+2, −z+2; (ii) x+1/2, −y+3/2, z−1/2; (iii) −x+1, −y+1, −z+2; (iv) −x+1/2, y+1/2, −z+3/2; (v) −x+1/2, y−1/2, −z+3/2; (vi) x−1/2, −y+3/2, z+1/2; (vii) x+1/2, −y+3/2, z+1/2.

Acknowledgements

ALBF would like to express gratitude to Professor Judith Howard, Dr Dmitrii Yufit and Dr Horst Puschmann for an insightful short visit to the Crystallography Group at Durham in April 2017.

Funding information

Funding for this research was provided by: FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo; award Nos. 2013/22127-2, 2014/50906-9); CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico); CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior); INOMAT (INCT for Science, Technology and Innovation in Functional Complex Materials); FAEPEX (Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, à Pesquisa e Extensão).

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